OBJECTIVE To guide the reasonable application of antibiotics. METHODS The isolation and culturing of bacteria were done according to The National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules. RESULTS The main pathogens from urine were Escherichia coli(49.5%),Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis,from sputum were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(32.5%),E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,from pus were E.coli,Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS),and from blood and prostatic fluid were CNS. CONCLUSIONS Meticillin-resistant CNS(MRCNS) strains are more often seen than meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) ones,and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus(VRS) strains are not discovered.Staphylococcus are mostly sensitive to vancomycin.E.coli and K.pneumoniae are still sensitive to the first,second,third and fourth generation cephalosporins.

Many pediatric surgeons have little training in laparoscopic application.The major problem in clinical practice of laparoscopic technician is without regularly training,unsuitable indication,and ignoring peroperation management.so that there are much more serious complications.For these reasons,it is a prerequisite that surgon and anesthetist must be trained before clinical practice,and the qualification of admission should be strictly controlled.

Pediatric surgery is the important part of the paediatrics,and the complicated content,limited time and many difficulties are the main problems of pediatric surgery teaching. The multimedia courseware is used in teaching of pediatric surgery,which is convenient for teachers'preparing lessons and teaching and is beneficial to students'review and summary. After the technique is used,the teaching efficiency and the quality are obviously improved.

Multimedia is a widely-used teaching means in contemporary medical education.Establishing and improving the multimedia teaching material library is a strong guarantee for the smooth implementation of multimedia.The causes,significance and methods for establishment of pediatric surgery teaching multimedia material library according to the characteristics of pediatric surgery teaching are described in this article,with a view to provide a reference to other relevant professional institutions.

Reviewing the current research status of quaLity of Life assessment tooLs in coronary heart disease in China, this paper summarizes 14 evaLuation tooLs, incLuding 5 foreign universaL scaLes, 8 specific scaLes, and 1 domestic specific scaLe. The most commonLy used tooLs are the Concise HeaLth Status ScaLe (SF-36), the SeattLe Angina ScaLe (SAQ), and the Chinese CardiovascuLar Patient QuaLity of Life Assessment Questionnaire. In generaL, the number of studies on the quaLity of Life of patients with coronary heart disease has graduaLLy increased in recent years. The scaLe of quaLity of Life in coronary heart disease abroad is reLativeLy mature and wideLy used, and the deveLopment of scaLes in this fieLd started Late,hence the current study focused on the use of scaLes introduced abroad.

OBJECTIVETo detect potential mutations of chloride channel l (CLCN1) gene in a family affected with myotonia congenita.

METHODSClinical data of the proband and her parents and brother was collected. The coding regions of the CLCN1 gene were subjected to PCR and Sanger sequencing.

RESULTSTwo missense mutations (c.937G>A and c.1205C>T), which were respectively located within exons 8 and 11 of the CLCN1 gene, were identified in the proband. The mother and father of the proband were found to harbor the c.937G>A and c.1205C>T mutation, respectively, whilst neither mutation was found in her brother.

CONCLUSIONThe novel missense CLCN1 mutations probably underlie the disease in this family. These have enriched the spectrum of CLCN1 mutations and may facilitate further research on this disorder.

Oral medicine and deep brain stimulation are two main treatments for Parkinson′s disease (PD). But their long-term efficacies are decreasing, which limit the choice of patients in advanced stage. As a special way of sensory intervention, rhythmic cueing can improve gait parameters, reduce freezing of gait severity and improve gait-related mobility by activating the motor pathway directly, repairing internal clock, promoting internal dopamine release and improving cognitive function to maintain gait stability. Rhythmic auditory and visual cueing has a potential in PD treatment.

Maple syrup disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused primarily by mutations of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC). BCKDC includes at least four pathogenic genes of BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DLD and DBT. The clinical manifestations of MSUD are complex, and the main symptoms at the early stage include difficulty in feeding, drowsiness, change in muscle tone and special urine flavor of maple syrup. As the disease progresses, convulsion, hypoglycemia, coma and systemic failure may occur. MSUD is easily missed or misdiagnosed during the neonatal period. This paper provides a review for recent progress made in research on MSUD including etiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination and treatment, with a particular emphasis on genetic testing and treatment.
3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) ; genetics ; Humans ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Mutation

This article introduces the concept analysis and theoretical basis of family caregiver benefit finding, reviews intervention research on benefit finding of family caregivers in children with autism spectrum disorder, including writing emotional expression, caregiver skill training, peer support intervention, Mind the Gap, acceptance and commitment therapy, parent-child cooperative music therapy, mindfulness yoga intervention, and Satir model intervention. This article also proposes thoughts and prospects for conducting interventions on benefit finding of family caregivers in children with autism spectrum disorder in China.

Clinical scales and external devices are two important ways to quantify the severity of motor symptoms for Parkinson′s disease (PD). As one representative of scales, the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale is considered the "gold standard" in the comprehensive assessment of PD. External devices are divided into electrophysiological and mechanical devices based on the type of sensors. Both sides can monitor the PD motor symptoms objectively. Currently, numerous and ununified parameters of devices make the clinical quantification of PD symptoms still rely on scales. This article reviewed the progress on quantitative assessments of motor symptoms for Parkinson′s disease.