The modern statistical and data mining technology is used to analyze the law of the acupoint selection in the treatment of insomnia with acupuncture and moxibustion. The clinical literature on the treatment of insomnia with acupuncture and moxibustion in recent 10 years is collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Excel software is applied to establish the database of acupuncture prescriptions for insomnia so as to conduct the descriptive analysis, association rule analysis and clustering analysis on the data. In the treatment of insomnia with acupuncture and moxibustion, Shenmen (HT 7) is of the highest frequency and most acupoints were selected from the Governor Vessel. The commonly used acupoints are located on the head, face, neck and nape region. The combination of the local acupoints with the distal ones is predominated. The crossing points among the specific points present the advantage in the treatment. The association: rule analysis indicates the highest, correlation among Taixi (KI 3), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Shenmen (HT 7). The clustering analysis results in 6 effective clusters and 10 pairs of key points and summarizes the common law of the acupoint combination for insomnia. All of these provide the reference to the treatment of insomnia with acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; therapy ; Software

This study was aimed to analyze acupoint selection principle for acute gouty arthritis treatment. Literatures on acupuncture treatment of acute gouty arthritis were collected from CNKI in recent 20 years. Excel software was used in the establishment of database on main acupoints for acute gouty arthritis treatment. On Windows 8 platform, SPSS 17.0 and Clementine 12.0 software were used in the descriptive analysis, association rules analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the top three acupionts with the highest frequency of application were Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), and Y inlingquan (SP 9). The meridian used with the highest frequency was the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin. The result of association rules analysis showed that Sanyinjiao (SP 6)-Xuehai (SP 10)-Quchi (LI 11) was the most relational one. The cluster analysis indicated the top four core cluster groups including Xiangu (ST 43)-Neiting (ST 44)-Xingjian (LR 2), Xuehai (SP 10)-Hegu (LI 4)-Quchi (LI 11), Taibai (SP 3)-Y inbai (SP 1)-Dadu (SP 2)-Fenglong (ST 40), and Zhubin (KI 9)-Zhigou (TE 6)-Gongsun (SP 4)-Bafeng (EX-LE 10). It was con-cluded that the clinical acupoint selection and combination principle in acute gouty arthritis treatment were analyzed through large amount of data. It can provide evidences and references for acupuncture clinical practice.

Malignant tumors have become the main cause of human death.With the prolonged use of chemotherapeutic drugs during the treatment process,tumor cell resistance is also constantly increasing.long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is an important mem-ber of the non-coding RNA family.Cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)is a type of long non-coding RNA,high expression of CASC2 can inhibit tumor cell development and reduce drug resistance of tumor cells by promoting apoptosis,regulating signaling path-ways,participating in cellular transmission pathways,competitively binding of miRNA,and changing the protein structure or functional status.This article will provide a comprehensive review of the regulatory effects and mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 on chemotherapy resistance in malignant tumors.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Yigan Fupi Prescription （抑肝扶脾方， YFP） in treating diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） by investigating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group， and pinaverium bromide group， with 10 rats in each group. All groups but the control group， were subjected to 21 days of tail-clamping stimulation and 14 days of senna leaf gavage to establish a liver stagnation and spleen deficiency-type IBS-D rat model. After successful modeling， the YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group were administered 0.96， 1.93， and 3.87 g/（kg·d） of the prescription， respectively. The pinaverium bromide group was given 13.5 mg/（kg·d）， while the control and model groups were given 10 ml/（kg·d） distilled water. All groups were administered once daily for 14 consecutive days. General conditions of the rats were recorded during the experiment， and after modeling and drug administration， body weight， Bristol stool score， abdominal withdrawal reflex （AWR） score， and histo pathology of colon tissue were observed under HE staining. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the levels of AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins including phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT）/AKT and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）/mTOR in the colon tissue. Western Blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins， including UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1）， Beclin1 and LC3， and tight junction proteins including Occludin and ZO-1 in the colon tissue. ResultsAfter modeling， compared to the control group， the body weight of rats in the other groups decreased， and Bristol stool scores， as well as AWR scores under 20， 40， 60， and 80 mmHg increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After drug administration， compared to the control group， the model group showed reduced body weight， decreased ULK1， Beclin1， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， Occludin， and ZO-1 protein levels in the colon tissue （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and increased Bristol stool scores， AWR scores， serum TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels， as well as p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Pathological results showed a significant reduction in goblet cells in the upper part of the glandular layer of the colon， with mild inflammatory cell infiltration. The submucosal collagen fibers were dissolved， with unclear boundaries， pale staining， and microvascular congestion and dilation. Compared with the model group， the YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group and the pinaverium bromide group showed increased body weight， Beclin1， Occludin， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ protein levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and decreased Bristol stool scores， AWR scores under 40， 60， and 80 mmHg， serum IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α levels， and p-AKT/AKT， p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathological morphology of the rats in the YFP groups and pinaverium bromide group showed varying degrees of improvement. Compared with the pinaverium bromide group， the YFP low- and medium-dose group showed increased AWR scores under 20， 40， and 60 mmHg （P＜0.05）. The YFP low-dose group had reduced TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels， and increased p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels occured in all YFP groups （P＜0.05）. Compared with the YFP low-dose group， the YFP high-dose group and pinaverium bromide group showed decreased AWR scores under different pressure levels and reduced p-AKT/AKT protein relative expression levels， while the YFP medium- and high-dose group had elevated serum TNF-α， IL-1β levels and reduced p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05）. ConclusionYFP can effectively improve the pathological injury of colon tissue in IBS-D model rats with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency， reduce Bristol stool and AWR scores， and its mechanism may be related to reducing level of inflammatory factors and inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins in colon tissue， thereby enhancing the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the colon tissue.

Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3 026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33％of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86％)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21％).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51％),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46％),Candida tropicalis(13.98％),Candida glabrata(10.34％),and other Candida species(0.79％).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62％).Only 2.97％of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61％and a resistance rate of 9.42％to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01％and a resistance rate of 7.99％to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27％and 48.24％to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55％and 26.24％to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60％and 21.99％to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36％to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement effects and mechanism of Polygonum orientale flower extract on hypoxia- reoxygenation injury of H 9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS ：H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into normal control group ，model group and low- ，medium- and high-concentrations groups of P. orientale flower extract （20，40，80 μg/mL）. Except for normal control group ，other groups were given 800 μmol/L CoCl2 to induce hypoxia-reoxygenation injury model. Cell apoptosis was observed. The levels of Ca 2+（in cytoplasm ），mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP），ATP enzyme （Na+-K+-ATP enzyme ，Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme） activities， the ratio of cytochrome c （Cyto c ）， protein in cytosol to mitochondria ，phosphorylation levels of reperfusion injury salvage kinase （RISK） signaling pathwayrelated protein [protein kinase B （Akt）and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2（ERK1/2）] as well as protein expression of HIF- 1 α were detected respectively. In addition，the cells were divided into normal control group ，model group and P. orientale flower extract group （80 μ g/mL），PI3K inhibitor LY294002+CoCl2 group（15 μmol/L LY294002+80 μmol/L ，LY294002+P. orientale flower extract group （15 μmol/L LY294002+80 μg/mL P. orientale flower extract ），MEK inhibitor PD98059+CoCl2 group（25 μmol/L PD98059+800 μmol/L CoCl2），PD98059+P. orientale flower extract group （25 μmol/L PD98059+80 μg/mL P. orientale flower extract ）. After cultured by the same method ，the phosphorylation levels of Akt protein and ERK1/2 protein in the cells were measured to verify the activation of P. orientale flower extract to RISK signaling pathway. RESULTS：Compared with model group ，nuclear pyknosis and the number of apoptotic bodies were reduced in different concentrations groups of P. orientale flower extract. ROS level ，Ca2+ level（except for low-concentration group ），MMP，ratio of Cyto c in cytoplasm to Cyto c in mitochondria ，protein expression of HIF- 1α were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the activity of ATP enzyme （except for the low-concentration group ），Akt protein and ERK 1/2 protein phosphorylation level were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. After treated with PI 3K inhibitor LY 294002 and MEK inhibitor PD 98059，Akt protein and ERK 1/2 protein phosphorylation level in cadiomyocyte were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：P. orientale flower extract can improve hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of H 9c2 cardiomyocytes，the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis ，improving ATPase activity ，protecting mitochondria ，regulating RISK signaling pathway related proteins and HIF- 1α protein expression.