Objective To evalue the ability of detecting the resistance of cefoxitin-sensitive,penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus by different methods and analyze the antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus which are non-mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance. Methods All the isolates were collected from Huashan hospital between 2007 and 2009. The isolates were recovered from various clinical sources, including respiratory tract, urine, secretion and sterile fluids samples. The oxacillin susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion test, cefoxitin MIC test,oxacillin disk diffusion test and oxacillin MIC test Likewise, the oxacillin susceptibility of coagulasenegative Staphylococcus was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion test and oxacillin MIC test. All the isolates with sensitive to cefoxitin were screened for the mec A gene by PCR Finally, the MIC of non-mecA-mediated oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus were determined. Results Among 255 cefoxitin disk diffusion test sensitive and penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 6 isolates were intermediated to oxacillin and 4 were resistant by oxacillin disk diffusion test, but all the isolates were sensitive by the cefoxitin disk diffusion test,cefoxitin MIC test and oxacillin MIC test. Among 75 cefoxitin disk diffusion test sensitive and penicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 16 isolates were resistant to oxacillin by oxacillin MIC method and 4 carried mecA gene. Among 12 non-mecA-mediated oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus, the susceptible isolates of gentamicin is 10, clindamycin is 8, ciprofloxacin is 11, erythrornycin is 6, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazo]e is 11 ,and cephalosporins, teicoplaninl, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline are all 12. Conclusions The cefoxitin disk diffusion test can reliably predict mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It would be best to combine cefoxitin disk diffusion test and oxacillin MIC test to improve accuracy of detection of mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.Furthermore, infections due to the non-mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus can be treated by penicillinase-stable penicillins, β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations, relevant cephems and carbapenems.

The purpose of using brain-computer interface (BCI) is to build a bridge between brain and computer for the disable persons, in order to help them to communicate with the outside world. Electroencephalography (EEG) has low signal to noise ratio (SNR), and there exist some problems in the traditional methods for the feature extraction of EEG, such as low classification accuracy, lack of spatial information and huge amounts of features. To solve these problems, we proposed a new method based on time domain, frequency domain and space domain. In this study, independent component analysis (ICA) and wavelet transform were used to extract the temporal, spectral and spatial features from the original EEG signals, and then the extracted features were classified with the method combined support vector machine (SVM) with genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed method displayed a better classification performance, and made the mean accuracy of the Graz datasets in the BCI Competitions of 2003 reach 96%. The classification results showed that the proposed method with the three domains could effectively overcome the drawbacks of the traditional methods based solely on time-frequency domain when the EEG signals were used to describe the characteristics of the brain electrical signals.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

According to the frequency overlapping of intrinsic mode function (IMF) based on the temporal and spatial filtering of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which will lead to the question of useful signals and noises filtered together, we proposed a method that numbers of IMF is determined by energy estimate, temporal and spatial filtering combing wavelet threshold and EMD integrating wavelet local signal characteristics of time and scale domain. This method not only used multi-resolution wavelet transform features, but also combined the EMD and Hilbert decomposition of the adaptive spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency and significance of the relationship between energy, so as to solve the problem of useful signal being weakened. With MIT/BIH ECG database standard data subjects, experimental results showed it was an effective method of data processing for handling this type of physiological signals under strong noise.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

Chromatography of fingerprint as an important tool has been used in identification and quality control of herbal medicines, and it is gaining more and more attention. Among the various methods, chromatography gradually becomes the mainstream for its characteristics. This paper describes the techniques of chromatography of fingerprint including pretreatments for sample data set, the establishment of chromatographic fingerprint and fingerprint visualization. It emphasizes several analysis methods and their scope of application. Visualization technology combined with fingerprint makes analysis more intuitive. Finally, existing key problems and future works were also discussed.
Chromatography ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Quality Control ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of decitabine combined with CAG regimen in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible for conventional chemotherapy. Methods The data of 20 cases with AML ineligible for conventional chemotherapy from January 2013 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Decitabine combined with CAG regimen was used during induction therapy. The primary induction regimen was used 26 times after remission, the standard 3+7 regimen were used 7 times, and intermediate-dose cytarabine were used 3 times. The total course of treatment included 2-8 cycles. Results All of the 20 patients completed the first cycle of induction therapy, including 11 cases of complete remission (CR), 5 cases of partial remission and no response in 4 cases, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 80 % (16/20). ORR was 69.2 % (9/13) and 100.0 % (7/7) in high-risk group and middle-low risk group respectively. ORR was 60.0%(6/10) in AML evolving from MDS. 8 patients were infected during the induction therapy and the infection rate was 40.0% (8/20). 2 patients were died of pulmonary infection. The median number of suspended red blood cell and platelet infused were (9.1±5.7) U and (57.5±51.9) U respectively. Neutrophil recovery time was (8.7±5.6) days during induction therapy. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year, and 12 cases were dead. Overall survival rate was 85.0%at 3 months, 80.0%at 6 months, and 40.0%at 1 year. While in 12 CR patients relapse-free survival rate was 75.0%at 3 months, 75.0%at 6 months,and 65.6%at 1 year respectively. Conclusion Decitabine combined with CAG regimen with high remission rate and well tolerance, can be used as a first therapy for AML ineligible for conventional chemotherapy.

Objective This study was designed to determine the mechanisms of carbapenem and fosfomycin resistance in an Escherichia coli strain isolated from bloodstream infection in Huashan Hospital,Shanghai in 2010 and the mode of transmission of resistance genes.Methods The Escherichia coli isolate was characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing,multilocus sequence typing (MLST),molecular identification of resistance genes,plasmid typing and the resistant genetic environment analysis.Results It was found that the isolate was resistant to carbapenem,fosfomycin and produced extended-spectrum β-1actamases.MLST genotyping showed it belonged to ST46.The carbapenem-resistant gene blaKPC-2 and fosfomycin resistant genefosA3 co-located on the same conjugative plasmid (～ 70 kb).The β-lactamases gene blaTEM and blaCTX-M located on another conjugative plasmid (～ 150 kb).PCR mapping showed that blaKPC-2 gene located in the structure Tn1721-blaKPC-2-Tn3 andfosA3 gene located between two IS26 elements.Conclusions This Escherichia coli strain isolated from bloodstream infection carried multiple antibiotic resistant genes,including blaKPC-2,fosA3,blaTEM,and blaCTX-M.More attention should be paid to the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and transmission of resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates for better control of hospital infections.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of fragility fractures of pelvis(FFP) in the elderly and compare the clinical efficacy between conservative treatment and minimally invasive surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in the 56 elderly FFP patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Chinese People＇s Liberation Army from January 2017 to January 2019. They were 16 males and 40 females, with an age of 73.4 years (from 65 to 93 years). By the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, there were 12 cases of grade Ⅰ, 16 cases of grade Ⅱ, 20 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 8 cases of grade Ⅳ; by the FFP classification, there were 6 cases of type Ⅰ, 10 cases of type Ⅱ, 36 cases of type Ⅲ, and 4 cases of type Ⅳ. The morphological characteristics and injury mechanisms of FFP were analyzed. According to the treatment methods, the patients were divided into a conservative treatment group of 32 cases and a minimally invasive surgery group of 24 cases. The 2 groups were compared in terms of complication incidence, mortality and the Koval attenuation rate of walking ability after one-year follow-up.Results:There were mostly the fractures of pubic branches on both sides of the pubic symphysis and compression fractures of the sacral wing caused by lateral crush injury. The 2 groups were comparable due to no significant differences in the preoperative general data between them other than FFP classification ( P>0.05). By one year after treatment, the conservative treatment group had a complication incidence of 34.4% (11/32), a mortality of 9.4% (3/32) and a Koval attenuation rate of walking ability of 13.8% (4/29) while the minimally invasive surgery group had a complication incidence of 20.8% (5/24), a mortality of 4.2% (1/24) and a Koval attenuation rate of walking ability of 8.7%(2/23), showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The injury mechanism of geriatric FFP is mostly lateral compression injury. The fracture sites are mostly located on both sides of the pubic symphysis, pubic branches and the sacral wing of anterior and posterior rings simultaneously. Although there may be no significant difference in complication incidence, mortality or Koval attenuation rate of walking ability between conservative treatment and minimally invasive surgery after one year, the minimally invasive surgery deals with more unstable fracture types.

Objective To analyze the impact of feedforward control nursing intervention on e-mergence agitation and recovery quality in general anesthesia surgery patients.Methods A total of 118 patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery were selected by convenient sampling,and ran-domly divided into control group and observation group,with 59 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing intervention during emergence anesthesia,while the observation group received feedforward control nursing intervention.The incidence of emergence agitation,recovery quality,pain condition,and nursing quality were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of emergence agitation during emergence in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(42.37％versus 69.49％,P＜0.05).The Richmond Agitation-Seda-tion Scale(RASS)scores,duration and frequency of agitation were lower or shorter in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The observation group exhibited shorter time for spontaneous respiration recovery,eye opening,extubation,full consciousness,and stay in the postan-esthesia care unit compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The Steward emergence score was higher in the observation group(P＜0.05).The postoperative pain score was lower,while nursing quality score was higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Feed-forward control nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in general anesthesia surgery patients,improve recovery quality,alleviate postoperative pain,and enhance nursing quality.

Objective To analyze the impact of feedforward control nursing intervention on e-mergence agitation and recovery quality in general anesthesia surgery patients.Methods A total of 118 patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery were selected by convenient sampling,and ran-domly divided into control group and observation group,with 59 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing intervention during emergence anesthesia,while the observation group received feedforward control nursing intervention.The incidence of emergence agitation,recovery quality,pain condition,and nursing quality were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of emergence agitation during emergence in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(42.37％versus 69.49％,P＜0.05).The Richmond Agitation-Seda-tion Scale(RASS)scores,duration and frequency of agitation were lower or shorter in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The observation group exhibited shorter time for spontaneous respiration recovery,eye opening,extubation,full consciousness,and stay in the postan-esthesia care unit compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The Steward emergence score was higher in the observation group(P＜0.05).The postoperative pain score was lower,while nursing quality score was higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Feed-forward control nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in general anesthesia surgery patients,improve recovery quality,alleviate postoperative pain,and enhance nursing quality.

To achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality (double carbon), China has been updating and developing low-carbon coal-fired power generation technology. While reducing carbon dioxide emissions, it has achieved a significant reduction in emissions of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. However, at the same time, with the relative increase in emissions of certain pollutants such as sulfur trioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds, the types and proportions of pollutant emissions have changed. This study summarized the technological improvements in coal-fired power generation both domestically and internationally, as well as the types and proportions of pollutants emitted by different coal-fired power generation modes. It also reviewed the epidemiological research progress on the impact of pollutants emitted from coal-fired power generation on the cardiopulmonary health of the population, expounded environmental impact of different coal-fired power models, and analyzed the changes in population exposure load and cardiopulmonary health benefits of low-carbon coal-fired power generation emissions, aiming to provide references for achieving carbon reduction and emission reduction goals and protecting the health of the population.