Objective To investigate allele frequency distributions and haplotype polymorphism of ten Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (STR) loci of Han population in Zhuhai area and evaluate their applicability to forensic cases. Methods DYS393, DYS19, DYS389 Ⅱ, DYS390, DYS391, DYS389 Ⅰ, DYS439、DYS438、DYS392 and DYS385 loci were amplified with Y-plex~(TM) PCR amplification Kit and analyzed by ABI 310 genetic analyzer. 200 unrelated male individuals of Han nationality in Zhuhai were recruited for determination of allele frequencies and haplotype data. Results 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, and 7 alleles were found in 9 of the 10 Y-STR loci, respectively and 44 haplotypes were detected at DYS385 locus. The range of gene diversity (GD) was determined between 0.3904 for DYS391 and 0.9497 for DYS385. Total 161 haplotypes were found at the 10 Y-STR loci, of which 134 occurred once, 20 occurred twice, 3 occurred three times, 3 occurred four times, and 1 occurred five times. The cumulative GD was 0.9948. Conclusion The 10 Y-STR loci are highly polymorphic and suitable for forensic individual identification and paternity testing in Zhuhai Han population.

Objective To develop a highly sensitive luminescent reagent for bloodstain testing at forensic crime scenes.Methods Based ontheprincipleof ECL luminescence and the ping-pong conjugate activation principle of chemical electronic chain,this project developed a new type of highly sensitive luminescent reagent for bloodstain testing by usingthe uniform design of experimental methods to optimize the conditions andsynthesize several new compounds.Results The bloodstain testing luminescent reagentdeveloped in this project has high sensitivity andlongluminescence time.In the case of blood samples diluted by 1,000 times,reading the fluorescence withChemiScope 3300 chemiluminescence imaging system,the maximumvalue of gray scale reached 56,and the luminescence time lasted for 10 minutes.Conclusion The project has successfully developed a highly semitivebloodstain testing reagentthat could be applied to crime scene investigation.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the diagnostic value of transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) on brain death in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods Forty-two cases of severe craniocerebral injury from Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were divided into brain death group and survival group,according to the clinical prognosis.TCD was conducted to examine brain blood flow numerical and changed characteristics of the spectrum.Average blood flow velocity (Vm),pulse index (PI),diastolic blood flow in reverse (reverberating flow) and small systolic peaks in early systole (wave of spikes)were documented.TCD parameters were compared between the two groups with t test.Results In the brain death group,frequency of reverberating flow was 86.67％ and frequency of wave of spikes was 13.33％.In survival group,frequency of reverberating flow was 14.81％ and no wave of spikes was recorded.The difference in frequencies of reverberating flow and wave of spikes between the two groups was significant(x2 =28.25,P ＜0.01).The average speed of bilateral middle cerebral artery blood flow in brain death group((20.02±13.96) cm/s) was significantly reduced compared with survival group((56.81± 16.84) cm/s,t=2.30,P＜0.05).Pulse index (PI) values in brain death group (4.02±3.49)were significantly increased compared with survival group (1.24±1.03) (t=2.10,P＜0.05).Conclusion Reverberating flow or wave of spikes is an important marker for brain death in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.TCD may be applied to clinically confirm the diagnosis of brain death.

ObjectiveTo measure the perfusion parameters of liver fibrosis of dog model with 64-slice spiral CT,and compare with positive control to reflect the degree of liver fibrosis,and analyze the correlation with VEGF values.Methods Liver fibrosis was induced in dogs by intraperitoneal injection of CC14 and high fat diet.CT perfusion scan and liver biopsies were performed.The perfusion parameters were measured according to the liver fibrosis models,and the correlation with VEGF values was analyzed.ResultsThe animals in experimental group were successfully induced different degree of liver fibrosis.In normal group,the hepatic artery perfusion,portal vein perfusion and total hepatic blood flow were (28.25 ±2.19)ml/(min · 100 g),(53.53 ± 10.71)ml/(min · 100 g) and (81.78 ± 18.56) ml/(min · 100 g).The PVP and TLP values of the liver fibrosis models of 0 - 4 stages declined gradually,and it had statistical significance,while the HAP values increased.The PVP and TLP values were positive correlated with fibrosis stage.The VEGF values of the pathological models of 0 - 4 stages ascended significantly.Conclusions The dog liver fibrosis models that are similar to human hepatic fibrosis have been successfully induced by low dose CC14 and high fat diet.CT perfusion can be used to monitor the tendency of the hemodynamic in different degree of fibrosis.VEGF may play an important role during liver fibrogenesis.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of rabbit liver VX2 tumor with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) and multidetector spiral CT(MDCT), to explore the criterion of phase timing apllicable to the model.Methods CEUS and MDCT were acquired in thirty-three New Zealand rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumors.The initial time of hepatic arterial phase was verified as the time the hepatic artery beginning to enhance,the initial time of portal phase as the time the VX2 tumor reaching peak enhancement and the initial time of hepatic parenchymal phase as the time the hepatic parenchyma reaching peak enhancement.The enhancing characteristics were observed.The time-intensity curve of VX2 tumor and peripheral parenchyma in CEUS was analysed and compared with the time-desity curve of abdominal aorta, portal vein, hepatic parenchyma and tumor in MDCT.Results The initial time of heptic arterial phase,portal phase and parenchymal phase in CEUS and MDCT was (6.82±1.36)s and (9.43±2.23)s,(11.64±2.03)s and (13.77±2.01)s,(20.24±4.17)s and (22.71± 4.58)s,respectively.The initial time of each phase in CEUS was earlier than that in MDCT (P<0.01).The contrast enhancing characteristics in CEUS and MDCT were consistent as fast wash-in and fast wash-out.Conclusions The status of hemodynamic perfusion in rabbit hepatic VX2 tumor could be well displayed by CEUS and the phase timing criterion concluded in this experimental study could offer fundmental theory basis for relevant imaging evaluation.

Objective To explore the clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT)in the disease severity and prognosis of patients with sepsis,and the relationship between PCT and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱscore (APACHEⅡscore).Methods Clinical data (including the value of PCT,the count of the white blood cell WBC and the percent of neutrophils percentage Neut%,APACHEⅡ score,et al,within 24 hours after admission)of 109 sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department (including the general ward and emergency intensive care unit EICU)and infections department of our hospital from January 1st 2013 to December 31st 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into several groups according to the patients condition (the sepsis group,the severe sepsis group and the septic shock group),the clinical outcomes (the survival group and the dead group ),and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome MODS (the MODS group and the non-MODS group),comparing the differences of all markers in each group;to analyze the correlation between PCT and APACHEⅡ score;to assess the value of PCT,APACHE Ⅱ score and APACHE Ⅱ score +PCT for prognosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of patients with sepsis;to have a understanding of the independent effect of PCT on the prognosis andthe factors of prognosis in patients with sepsis.Results The value of PCT,APACHEⅡ score in sepsis group was lower than the severe sepsis group and the septic shock group,also the severe sepsis was lower than the septic shock group,and each group was significantly different (P <0.05).Compared with the septic shock group,the count of WBC of sepsis group was significantly lower (P <0.05).Also the dead group compared with the survival group,the APACHEⅡ score was significantly increased (P <0.01),but the values of PCT,WBC,Neut% were not significantly different.The values of APACHEⅡ score,WBC, Neut%,PCT in the non-MDOS group were significantly lower than those in the MODS group (all P <0.05).The relationship between the values of PCT and APACHEⅡ score was significantly correlated (rs=0.403,P <0.01 ).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC ) for evaluating the prognosis,the area under curve (AUC)of PCT,APACHE Ⅱ score and the PCT +APACHE Ⅱ score respectively were 0.617,0.899,0.917,and the last two were significantly better (all P <0.01),also the cut-off,sensitivity and specificity of PCT,APACHE Ⅱ score were respectively (3.40 ng/mL, 88.24%,38.04%),(20 scores,94.12%,81.52%).As the same to evaluating MODS,the AUC of PCT,APACHEⅡ score and APACHE Ⅱ score +PCT respectively were 0.824,0.796,0.871,the assessed value between PCT and APACHEⅡ score,between PCT and APACHEⅡ score +PCT were not significantly different;also the cut-off,sensitivity and specificity of PCT,APACHEⅡ score respectively were (7.26 ng/mL,88.24%,63.79%), (17 scores,64.71%,87.93%).The COR and AOR of PCT for the prognosis were respectively 1.008,1.014,and gender and APACHE Ⅱ score were the two independent risk factors for the prognosis in patients with sepsis.Conclusions The value of PCT and APACHEⅡ score could evaluate the severity of illness in sepsis patients,and the three were positive correlations.APACHEⅡ score,APACHEⅡ score +PCT had a significantly higher prognostic value than PCT,and PCT could not be a independent marker.But for assessing the MODS in patients with sepsis,the assessed value of PCT,APACHEⅡ score,APACHEⅡ score +PCT were medium.Gender and APACHEⅡ score were the two independent risk factors for the prognosis in patients with sepsis.

To explore the feasibility and clinical value of CT-based arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) for evaluating liver function in liver cirrhosis patients.
 Methods: Fifty-two patients with liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A, B, and C group included 13, 20, and 19 patients, respectively) and 17 patients without liver diseases as control were prospectively enrolled, respectively. All individuals underwent three-phase hepatic CT, and the color mapping of AEF were obtained in CT kinetics software, as well as the corresponding parameters, i.e., hepatic AEF (HAEF) and the ratio of HAEF to spleen AEF (H/S). The AEF parameters were compared among different groups, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated. The Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the AEF parameters and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in liver cirrhosis patients.
 Results: The interobserver agreement of HAEF and H/S were perfect, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were 0.918 (95% CI 0.871 to 0.949), 0.946 (95% CI 0.915 to 0.966), respectively. The HAEF and H/S among those groups were significant different (both P<0.001), and they elevated with the increase of Child-Pugh classification in liver cirrhosis patients (all P<0.05, except the H/S between Child-Pugh A and B). In all patients with liver cirrhosis, the AUROC of HAEF and H/S were 0.933 and 0.821 for Child-Pugh A, and were 0.925 and 0.915 for Child-Pugh C, respectively. The HAEF and H/S of patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly correlated with the MELD score (HAEF: r=0.752, P<0.001; H/S: r=0.676, P<0.001).
 Conclusion: CT-based AEF parameters including HAEF and H/S are closely associated with the severity and prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis, which have the potential to estimate the liver function in liver cirrhosis patients quantitatively and effectively.
Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Liver Function Tests ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed