Objective To disscuss the effect of traeheotomy on pneumonia in patients with severe cranial trauma. Methods The clinical information of 102 patients suffering severe cranial trauma after traeheotomy were analyzed retrospectively. Results The infection rate is lower than those of tracheotomy after 24 hours(P < 0.01 ) ; Infection control rate of server cranial trauma after tracheotomy in 24 hours was obviously higher than those of tra- cheotomy after 24 hours(P < 0.05) ; but contrary in control time ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusion Tracheotomy should be applied as soon as possible,it is important to prevent and cure pulmonary infection for patients who are suffering se- vere cranial trauma.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of valproic acid in preventing astrocyte proliferation around the central canal of rats following spinal cord injury.Methods Forty-five Wister rats were divided into normal control group (n =5),injury group (n =20) and treatment group (n =20) according to random number table.Animal models of acute spinal cord injury were produced at T10 using Allen' s method by dropping a 10 g weight from a 15 mm height.Rats in treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (300 mg · kg-1 · d-1 in two divided doses) at 30 minutes postinjury.Instead,rats in injury group were injected with an equal volume of saline in the same way.Hindlimb function was evaluated using BBB scoring system at 1,3,7,and 14 days postinjury.Astrocytes proliferation around central canal and expression of glial fibrous acid protein (GFAP) were examined.Results In normal control group,few astrocytes around spinal central canal and a low expression of GFAP were detected.In injury group,astrocytes began to increase at 24 hours postinjury; fluorescence intensity for GFAP was 24.6 ± 3.6 at 24 hours,reached a peak of 69.2 ± 6.4 at 3 days,maintained a high level of 56.7 ± 5.6 at 7 days,and reduced to 35.4 ± 4.3 at 14 days,a level that remained higher than that in normal control group (11.2 ± 1.6).Whereas in treatment group at 3 and 7 days,astrocyte proliferation around spinal central canal was lower than that in injury group; GFAP expressions (47.8 ± 5.3 and 42.2 ± 6.7) were lower than those in injury group (F =177.6,P ＜ 0.05).At 3,7,and 14 days,BBB scores in treatment group (7.80 ± 0.83,12.00 ± 1.58,and 16.60 ± 1.12 respectively) were significantly higher than those in injury group (4.60 ± 0.54,6.65 ± 0.67,and 9.40 ± 1.14 respectively) (F =1 113.6,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion After spinal cord injury,valproic acid reduces astrocyte proliferation around central canal via inhibiting GFAP expression to promote functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the effect of severe eraniocerebral injury patients with hypernatremia.Methods Review and analysis of 356 cases of severe craniocerebral injury and 185 cases of hypernatremia. Analysis on the relationship between hypernatremia and prognosis. Results The 185 eases of severe craniocerebral injury with hypernatremia, the incidence is 52 %. Including 136 death cases, the mortality rate was 73.5 %. Hypernatremia appeared after admission since 1～18 days,the average days for this were 4.1 days. 69 cases appeare hypernatremia in 24 hours,60 cases in 48 hours,16 cases in 72 hours,145 cases of hypematremia appeared after admission within 3 days,about 78%. Blood sodium level was 148～196mmol/L, average was 172mmol/L, duration time was 1～25 days, average was 5.4 days. Conclusion It seems that almost hypernatremia appeared, when severe crartiocerebral was injuried in 3 days. The mortality is very high.

Objective To explore the methodology and the indications of applying the porous high-density polyethylene(Medpor)combined with auricular cartilage in nasal plasty.Methods A total of 36 cases of nasal plasty were treated with the 8.5 mm thick Medpor implant(speader strut graft)and combined with the auricular cartilage graft to highlight the nasal tip.Results All 36 cases were satisfactory with the effects,and there were no complications such as infection,exposure of the implants and so on.Conclusions Medpor can supply the powerful supporting strength to the nasal tip,and it is a safe,effective implant to rebuild the supporting constructions of nasal tip,especially suitable to correct the over-rotation of nasal tip,flat nasal tip,and short nose.

Objective To explore the aging mechanisms of human adult adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in vitro.Methods The hADSCs came from the production of normal patients with liposuction.The hADSCs were cultured in the 37℃ incubator and passed until the cells were senescent.The senescence-associated β-gal staining (SA-β-gal) and histone protein γH2AX staining were carried out in both young and old hADSCs.The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to check the difference of the transcription function of the young and old hADSCs.Results The cultured hADSCs would be the senescent cells when the PD number was more than 35.The aging cells became big and had large flat nuclei and much more lososomes in the cytoplasm.The SA-β-gal staining and γH2AX staining were mostly positive in the aging hADSCs (PD>35) compared with the self-renewing hADSCs (PD<20).The qRT-PCR results showed that the transcription levels of Nanog and Oct4 gene were very low in aging hADSCs compared with the self-renewing ones.Conclusions The hADSCs will be senescent (SEN) when cultured and passed in vitro for long time and the aging process is similar to that of stem cells in vivo.The aging model of hADSCs can be established by this method and will be very useful in the anti-aging drug, regeneration medicine, tissue engineering and stem cell therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of manipulation treatment and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on patients with cervicogenic headache. METHODS: Seventy patients with cervicogenic headache were randomly allocated to receive manipulation treatment and TENS treatment, which were given every other day respectively for total 40 days. The headache degree (numeric rating scale, NRS), frequency, lasting time and the range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine 2 weeks before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment, were compared. RESULTS: Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the headache NRS scores , frequency, lasting time and the ROM scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the headache NRS score, frequency, lasting time in the manipulation group decreased significantly (P<0.01), while in the TENS group just the headache NRS score decreased significantly (P<0.05). The ROM scores in both groups showed no significant changes (P>0.05). The response rate of manipulation treatment is 94.5%, significantly higher than 64.5% of TENS treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The manipulation treatment is an effective method for patients with cervicogenic headache.

Objective To explore the the rapeutic efficacies of different surgical methods for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage so as to find out their indications. Methods Admittedin to 218 eases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage since, which treated by tereotaetie aspiration or eraniotomy through small bone window or eraniotomy through bone flap was divided into three subgroups according to GCS scores and hematoma volume indications and trerapeutic outcomes of these three surgical methods were analyzed comparatively. Results Satisfactory prognosis was found in 64(60.4%) patients of brain hematoma puncture drainage. Satisfactory prognosis was found in 35(54.7%) patients of small windowing skull. No significant was occurred between the two groups (P＞0.05). The mortality rate decreased obviously in the bone-flap eraniotomy group with greathematoma volume (29.2%). Conclusions Puncture drainagc has small wound and instauration quickly. And valid for time to relief encephalothlipsis. In most circumstances, puncture drainage can replace the small hole craniotomy. Bone flap craniotomy can lower a great deal of apoplexy death rate.

Objective To investigate the choice and efficacy of surgury in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 278 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. These cases respectively used CT Stereotactic puncture and drainage, minimally invasive craniotomy and Craniotomy hematoma surgical treatment. According to the GCS cores and hematoma volume,they were divided into 3 groups so as to comparatively analyze the efficacy of different surgical methods. Results Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage CT stereotactic puncture good prognosis group was 74 cases(59.6% ) ,minimally invasive craniotomy group of good prognosis ,48 cases(56.4% ) ,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞ 0.05). Craniotomy mortality is 15 cases (21.7% ). Conclusion Three surgical treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage had their own characteristics:CT stereotactic puncture and drainage characteristics with less trauma,faster recovery,timely and effectively discharge brain compression. It was a simple and effective treatment for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. In many cases, CT sterotactic puncture and drainage could replace invasive hematoma evacuation.

ObjectiveTo explore the treatment desicions of Contusion and laceration of the brain at temporal lobe and frontal lobe with small hematoma and base pond changes. MethodsAccording to three grades of consciousnee,areas of brain contusion or quantity of hematoma,and changes of base pond,it divided 274 patients into different types,then analyzed treatments and retrospect to them. Results33 cases of Type Ⅰ:33 cases had operated immediatelly and 3 cases had died;44 cases of Type Ⅱ:17 cases had delayed operations and 1 case had died;27 cases without operations.Type Ⅲ: 15 cases without operations. ConclusionThese "three-3" method of grade could be regarded as the quantification index of treatment desicions before deterioration.

Objective To prepare VP1 protein vaccine of Coxsackievirus A16(CA16) and evalu-ate immunngenicity the subunit vaccines of Coxsackievirus (VP1), and to establish foundation for studying CA16 vaccine. Methods CA16 VP1 was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pFastBac HT A plasmid, recombinated with Bacmid DNA by transposition reaction and then transfected Sf9 cell, mixed with adjuvant AI(OH)_3. After immunization BALB/c mice, evaluating immune effectiveness after booster injections 2 weeks. Results The expressed protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot, mice immunized with CA16 (VP1) both induced specific IgG antibody and neutralization antibody. The best immunization antigen was 20 μg, IgG antibody was 1: 1600, neutralization antibody was 1:250, typical Th1/Th2 immune response was determined by lymphocyte proliferation assay and cytokine analysis. Conclusion The CA16 VP1 gene was cloned successfully and expressed in Sf9 insect cells, CA16 VP1 protein vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune response, to lay solid foundation for further study on CA16 vaccine.