OBJECTIVE:To probe into the utilization of sedative hypnotics in outpatient prescriptions of our hospital. METHODS: In Mar. 2008, 1 317 prescriptions of sedative-hypnotics randomly selected from total 49 791 outpatient prescriptions were analyzed regarding the rationality of the utilization of top 5 drugs on the list of DDDs. RESULTS: The top 5 sedative hypnotics on the DDDs list were Alprazolam tablets, Estazolam tablets, Lorazepam, Zolpidem tablets (Stilnox) and Clonazepam tablets, and their DUIs were 0.54, 0.73, 0.19, 0.81 and 0.53, respectively. CONCLUSION: The dosages of sedative hypnotics in our hospital were basically reasonable and in conformity with the indications listed in package inserts.

AIM To explore the effects of Sini Decoction (Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata,Zingiberis Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) on rat myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol.METHODS Forty SD rats were randomly divided into blank,model,captopril [100 mg/(kg · d)] and Sini Decoction [3.8 g/(kg · d)] groups,with ten rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the rest rats were given subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol [5 rg/(kg · d)] to prepare myocardial fibrosis model,and successive administration lasted for four weeks.At 20 h after the last administration,hemodynamics changes of heart were detected;heart weight indexes were calculated;the changes of myocardial pathological morphology were observed by HE and Masson staining;NO level in serum was measured by nitrale reduetase;SOD activity in serum was measured by xanthinoxidase method;MDA level in serum was measured by thiobarbituric acid method;the protein expressions of RhoA,ROCK1 and eNOS in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot method.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the cardiac function of rats was significantly improved;the myocardial collagen content was significantly decreased;the MDA level in serum was obviously decreased;the NO level and SOD activity were significantly increased;the protein expressions of RhoA and ROCK1 in myocardium tissue were significantly reduced,and the protein expression of eNOS was markedly increased in the Sini Decoction group.CONCLUSION Sini Decoction can improve the isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the RhoA/ ROCK signaling pathway,in turn,raising the expression of eNOS,which leads to reduced oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of morphine preconditioning on the lungs against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four Japanese long-ear white rabbits weighting 2.5-3.0 kg were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg and intravenous 3 % pentobarbital 30 mg ?kg-1, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated ( VT 10 ml?kg-1, RR 30 bpm, FiO2 100% , PEEP 1 cm H2O) . Right carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. An elastic band was placed around the hilum of left lung via thoracotomy to perform lung ischemia. Body temperature was maintained at 36-38℃( rectal) . The animals were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups (n = 8 each) : (1) Sham group; (2) I/R group was subjected to 2 h in situ left hilar occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion and (3) morphine preconditioning group received morphine 4 mg?kg-1 via pulmonary artery 30 min before I/R. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were monitored and recorded. Arterial blood samples were taken before occlusion of lung hilum (baseline) and at 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of reperfusion for blood gas analysis, and determination of plasma endothelin-1 concentration. The animals were killed at the end of 120 min reperfusion. The lungs were removed for determination of lung water content (W/ D ratio), percentage of neutrophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and microscopic examination.Results MPAP and PIP were significantly lower while PaO2 was significantly higher at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of reperfusion in morphine preconditioning group than in I/R group. Plasma endothelin-1 concentration was significantly lower at 60 and 120 min of reperfusion in morphine preconditioning group than in I/R group ( P

Objective To screen primers used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods Three pairs of PCR primer reported in the literatures (TVA5-TVA6, TV1-TV2 and TVK3-TVK7) were screened. For each PCR, four components, including primers, Mg2+, dNTPs and Taq polymerase, were optimized using Taguchi methods to determine the optimal PCR conditions. With the optimal conditions, the sensitivities of three PCR were compared. Vaginal swabs were collected to detect Trichomonas vaginalis by culture and PCR, and the PCR with highest sensitivity was evaluated. Results All three PCR were of high specificity, and the PCR with primers of TVK3-TVK7 had the highest sensitivity. Of 25 clinical vaginal swabs, T. vaginalis was detected in 7 samples by the culture, however, it was detected in 8 samples by the PCR. All culture-positive samples were also positive by PCR. Conclusions The PCR with the primers of TVK3-TVK7 is highly sensitive and specific, which could be useful to detect T. vaginalis in vaginal swab samples.

Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an important and key cytoplasmic enzyme in the metabolism of thiopurine drugs,whose activity can directly determine the amount of thiopurine drugs metabolized to cytotoxic 6-thioguanine nucleotides and consequently influence clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions of thiopurine drugs.In order to deepen knowledge and role of genetic polymorphism of tpmt in the individualized thiopurine drug treatment,this present review mainly covered the following three frequently concerned aspects,including i) whether or not to determine the activity of TPMT priot to treatment of thiopurine drugs;ii) to genotype or to phenotype;iii) how to choose genotype methods.

The concepts of two modes of government Procurement,invitation bidding and public bidding,are explained. Their characteristics are also analyzed and compared to each other. That is very propitious for us to choose the better mode and get the most benefit of the public bidding.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of bacteria detected from blood culture of pediatric patients and to observe the antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. METHODS The BacT/Alert blood culture system was applied for culture.Species identification and antibiotic resistance tests were performed by the VITEK automicroscan system. RESULTS Coagulase-negative staphylococcus(CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 67.2% and 7.8%, respectively.The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was 14.4%.The resistant rate of CNS and S.aureus to oxacillin was 85% and 36%,respectively.The strains producing the extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) of Gram-negative bacteria were often detected. CONCLUSIONS Gram-postive bacteria are the main pathogens detected from the blood culture of pediatric patients.Detection rate of CNS is the highest.Multiresistant strains are common.

Objective:In order to provide policy-makers with basis and reference for improving the operational efficiency of county general public hospitals, this paper studies the changes in overall efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of 40 county general public hospitals in Fujian province from 2009 to 2014 , as well as how the to-tal factor productivity changes over the time. Methods: After collecting the relevant data of hospital operations from 2009 to 2014, this paper uses CCR, BBC, Malmquist model and other data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods to analyze the data. Results:The vast majority of those 40 county general public hospitals are in decreasing state. The total factor productivity of 40 hospitals from 2009 to 2014 is 1. 019. There are 21 hospitals (52. 5%) that slightly im-proved their productivity, of which 3 hospitals increased their productivity mainly due to technological progress, 3 hospitals due to efficiency increase, and the rest 15 hospitals due to the effect of both technological progress and effi-ciency increase. Conclusions:The operational efficiency of county general public hospitals in Fujian province is gen-erally insufficient, and there are significant differences between operating efficiency of different regions. The efficien-cy of hospitals in mountainous areas had increased, but the efficiency of hospitals in coastal areas had decreased. Therefore, in order to increase investment in county general public hospitals, the government should take differential policy and pay attention to the reasonable control of hospital size, as well as to strengthen the connotation building and attach importance to improving medical service technologies.

The change of hemodynamics and hemorrheology induced by hypoxia challenge in the dog were investigated. The results showed that hypoxia caused significant decrease of cardiac output,increased pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Hypoxia also caused increase of blood viscosity. In terms of changes of the reduced viscosity is directly related to the deformation and agglutination properties of red blood cells.

Objective By analyzing the urinary calculi ingredient and 24-hour urinary stone risk factors of urolithiasis patients in Hengyang area,to investigate the effects of diet intervention on recurrence rate in urolithiasis patients,and provide the measures for prevention and treatment.Methods Prospectively collected 692 patients that permanent residents in Hengyang area from September 2008 to September 2012,who had implementation of minimally invasive operation and taken stone specimens to analyze composition,and also collected 24 hours urine to analyze the urinary stone risk factors.They were divided into test group and control group by random number table method,346 cases in each,control group without diet intervention,and test group was given diet intervention according to the stone composition and urinary stonerisk factors.All patients were followed up for 1 year,the urinary stone recurrence rate in Hengyang area was observed.Results Among 692 urolithiasis patients,663 patients completed the study (test group of 341 cases and control group of 322 cases),the expulsion rate was 4.19％(29/692).The 24-hour urinary stone risk factors in control group before and after diet intervention had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).In test group after diet intervention,the excretion of ingredients in urine such as dietary calcium (t =3.412,P ＜ 0.05),oxalate(t =3.018,P ＜ 0.05) and uric acid(t =1.990,P ＜ 0.05) was obviously decreased,and urinary citrate (t =3.174,P ＜ 0.05) was increased,but the excretion of ingredients such as magnesium and phosphorus had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After 1 year after diet intervention,the recurrence rate in test group was lower than that in control group [0.88％ (3/341) vs.7.76％ (25/322)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Diet intervention can effectively reduce the risk of urinary stone according to the stone composition and the 24 hours urine stone risk factors,plays an important role on reducing urinary stone recurrence,which is worth clinical promotion.