Hepatic drug transporters(HDTs),including uptake transporters and efflux transporters, play an important role in drug distribution and elimination in the liver. The influx HDTs include organic anion transporters,organic cation transporters,organic anion transporter polypeptides and Na+-tauro-cholate cotransporting polypeptide. The efflux HDTs include multidrug resistance proteins,multidrug resistance-associated proteins,breast cancer resistance protein and bile salt export pumps. Major research methods involve gene knock-out animals,isolated perfused livers,liver slices,primary hepato-cytes and transfection cells. They have been used in study of drug distribution,drug-drug interaction and drug toxicity.

Objective: To examine the effects of RS on serum cholesterol and expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in rat liver for understanding its mechanism. Method: Eighteen rats were randomly assigned to three groups, six rats each. They were fed with chemical purified normal diet (control group), low RS (15%Hi-maize 1043) diet and high RS (30%Hi-maize 1043) diet respectively. Six weeks later, serum cholesterol and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in the cecum were measured. Likewise, hepatic cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, and SR-B1 mRNA levels were measured by realtime PCR. Results: Hepatic cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, SR-B1 mRNA levels and cecal acetate, propionate and n-butyrate concentrations in the high RS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P

Objectives To investigate and analyze depressive state in patients with diabetes in a community so as to assess adverse impact of depression on diabetes and provide basis for health intervention.Methods A total of 115 patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control group matched for demographic data and therapeutic compliance were selected from a community.All the subjects were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI),and their baseline data were collected by a short self-administered questionnaire,including diabetic history and medication compliance.Fasting blood glucose ( FBG),two hour post-prandial blood glucose (2hPBG) and HbAlc were measured for the diabetes mellitus (DM) group.Results BDI score was significantly higher in DM group than that in control group (P 0.05 ).There was significant difference in metabolic control,medication compliance and number of patients with complications between depression and non-depression groups in diabetics (P

Objective To investigate the effect of different dosage of pulsed magnetic field on expression of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods Carotid atherosclerosis were modeled in 50 New Zealand rabbits with air-drying lesion combined with high fat feed. All animals were treated with double side carotid endarterectomy after 2 months, and were randomly divided 3 groups: 0.6 T group, 1.0 T group and the blank control. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor-A were detected with immunohistochemistry 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after CEA. Results The expression of PDGF-A in treated groups were lower significantly than that in controls (P<0.05) 2 month after CEA, and it was the lowest in 1.0 T group, lower in 0.6 T group 3 month after CEA. Conclusion The pulsed magnetic field therapy can decrease the expression of PDGF-A, which might be helpful to prevent the carotid from restenosis.

Daiwenjiu Gao plasters were stuck onto the following two groups of acupoints,group 1 including acupoints Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) and group2 including acupoints Zhongji (CV 3), Pangguangshu (BL 28) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), to treat 100 cases of infantile enuresis, the results showed that 92 cases were cured, 6 cases got remarkable effect, 2 cases got effect, with total effective rate being 100%.

Objective To investigate the value of multi-slice CT in diagnosis of abdominal cocoon.Methods CT findings of six cases with pathologically proved abdominal cocoon were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The three-dimensional imagines were obtained including multi-planar reconstruction(MPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP)and volume rendering(VR)at workstation,the rela-tionships between the lesions and surrounding structure were observed.Results A group of local small intestine were seen gathered in all six cases,the coiled intestine arranged inaccordionshape orbananashape.The fibrous capsule were seen around them with different thickness,which were low density and slightly enhancement.Mesenteric arteries showed abnormal changes,showing ten-sion,aggregation.Conclusion MSCT can provide a wealth of diagnostic information and is the best method of examination abdomi-nal cocoon.

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids in mice after ig administration of Xiexin Decoction (Radix et Rhizoma rhei, Rhizoma coptidis, Radix Scutellariae). METHODS: Mice were given a single ig dose of Xiexin Decoction 4.5, 9.0 or 18.0 g/kg. Flavonoids in plasma were analysed by HPLC and plasma concentration of baibalin was determined. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration-time data with the DAS software package. RESULTS: After ig administration of Xiexin Decoction in mice, baicalin, baicalein and another flavonoid were detected in plasma and baicalin concentration was the highest of the three kinds of flavonoids in plasma. After a single ig dose of Xiexin Decoction 4.5, 9.0 or 18.0 g/kg, the pharmacokinetic parameters of baicalin were as follows:T_ 1/2 =2.77、5.69、6.20 h,AUC_ 0-∞ =9.09、23.49、39.57 ?g?h/mL,CL= 12.52 、 6.962 、 11.50 L?h/kg,V_d= 50.11 、 79.56 、 102.95 L/kg,C_ max1 =1.89、3.32、4.79 ?g/mL(T_ p1 = 0.08 h ), C_ max2 =1.46、2.57、4.16 ?g/mL(T_ p2 =3 h), respectively. CONCLUSION: Three kinds of flavonoids can be absorbed after ig administration of Xiexin Decoction in mice, of which baicalin is the major component.

The influence of Rosa davurica pall juice on pulmonary adenoma induced by urethan was observed in the experiment, which lasted for 20 weeks. 250 mice were divided into 4 groups at random. Group A was set as control receiving basal diet and tap water only. Another 3 groups were given basal diet, however, group B was given Rosa davurica pall juice 0.2ml/20g boody weight once a week, group C 0.1% urethan solution for drinking freely and group D 0.1% urethan solution plus the juice. The mouss body weight was weighed once a week; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the level of lipoperoxides (LPO), lymphocyte transformation and hemolysin were determined once a month, the pulmonary pathological examination was made also once a month. The obtained data were carried out with a 2?2 factorial analysis. The result were as follows:(1)the incidence of pulmonary adenoma of group C(100%) was significantly higher than that of group D (69%) at the e-nd of experiment (P

Enzymatic conversion is very important to produce functional rare sugars, but the conversion rate of single enzymes is generally low. To increase the conversion rate, a dual-enzyme coupled reaction system was developed. Dual-enzyme coupled reaction system was constructed using D-psicose-3-epimerase (DPE) and L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI), and used to convert D-fructose to D-psicose and D-allose. The ratio of DPE and L-RhI was 1:10 (W/W), and the concentration of DPE was 0.05 mg/mL. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C and pH was 9.0. When the concentration of D-fructose was 2%, the reaction reached its equilibrium after 10 h, and the yield of D-psicose and D-allose was 5.12 and 2.04 g/L, respectively. Using the dual-enzymes coupled system developed in the current study, we could obtain sugar syrup containing functional rare sugar from fructose-rich raw material, such as high fructose corn syrup.
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Epimerases ; metabolism ; Fructose ; chemistry ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature

Objective:To investigate the synergistic killer effect of natural killer cells(NK cells) combined with tamoxifen(TAM) on breast cancer cells(BCC)through the experiment in vitro,and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Three kinds of BCC with different receptor expression levels were selected for the experiment.Blank control group, different concentrations of TAM groups and different time groups were set up.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory rates of proliferation of cells,and the final experiment concentration of 5 μmol·L-1 was determined.The cells were divided into natural-release group,largest-release group,TAM group,NK cells group, and combined-experimental group(BCC+NK cells+TAM),and the synergistic killer effect of NK cells combined with TAM in different effector-target ratios were detected with Calcein-AM release assay.In ELISA assay the cells were divided into blank control group (NK cells),NK cells+TAM group, NK cells+BCC group and combined-experimental group,and the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the NK cells in various groups were measured.In flow cytometry detection the cells were divided into blank control group (NK cells),NK cells+TAM group,NK cells+ BCC group, and combined-experimental group,and the expression levels of NKp46,CD158a,CD158b,CD158b2,and CD158e were determined;while the cells were divided into blank control group (BCC),BCC+TAM group,BCC + NK cells group, and combined-experimental group,and the expression levels of the MICA,ULBP1 and ULBP2 were detected.Results: The MTT assay results showed that the inhibitory rates of proliferation of 3 kinds of BCC had obvious time-and concentration-dependence (P<0.05).The Calcein-AM release assay results showed that the killing-rates of BCC in TAM groups were increased with the increase effector-target ratios of compared with NK cells group;and the killing-rate in combined experimental group was obviously higher than those in NK cells and TAM groups(P<0.05).The ELISA assay results showed that the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ of NK cells in various experimental groups with BCC or not were increased compared with blank control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the levels were significantly increased when combined with TAM (P<0.05).The flow cytometry results showed that the NKp46 expression levels in various experimental groups were elevated compared with blank control group(P<0.05);the expression levels of CD158a, CD158b,CD158b2, and CD158e were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the expression levels MICA,ULBP1, and ULBP2 in BCC were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion:The NK cells combined with TAM has the synergistic killer effect on the BCC in vitro.The synergetic mechanism may be as follows: TAM could increase the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ of NK cells to enhance their cytotoxicity;TAM also could up-regulate the expression levels of activating receptors and activating ligands,and down-regulate the expression levels of inhibitory receptors to increase the killing ability of NK cells.