OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlated resistant genes encoding ?-lactamases,aminoglycoside and genetic marker of integron and transposon in multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MRPA) isolated from clinical specimens and study their relationship by phylogenetic analysis.METHODS Twenty-one resistant genes,two integron-Ⅰ genes and one transposon genetic gene were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing.Multi-resistant genes cluster analysis was performed by UPGMA.RESULTS The positive rates of CARB,oprD2,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ,intⅠ1,qacE△1-sul1 and merA in 20 strains of MRPA were 15%,100%,70%,15%,15%,85%,85% and 85%,respectively,and other genes were negative.It was classfied to three subgroup,by the multi-resistant genes cluster analysis.CONCLUSIONS MRPA isolated from clinical specimens has carried many resistant genes.The deficiency rate of oprD2 gene is very high.The positive rate of genetic mark genes about integron and transposon is very high.It may be the main multi-resistant mechanism of MRPA.Multi-resistant genes cluster analysis shows that there is clone transmission in MRPA and it can induce nosocomial infection prevalence.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopy, choledochoscopy, and duodenoscopy combined with T-tube-free drainage in the treatment of gallstones with common bile duct stones. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 564 patients with gallstones and common bile duct stones who were admitted to Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, from December 2017 to December 2019. According to the surgical procedure, the patients were divided into laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) group with 191 patients, three endoscopies+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary suture (LBEPS) group with 138 patients, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)+endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)/endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD)+laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) group with 235 patients. The three groups were analyzed in terms of the general data including sex, age, bile duct diameter, and stone size/number, and surgical condition and complications were compared between groups. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThere were significant differences between the LBEPS group, the ERCP+EST/EPBD+LC group and the LTCBDE group in hospital costs, drainage volume, time to first flatus, length of hospital stay and time to extraction of drainage tube (F=416.40, 7.80, 33.99, 143.70, and 13.08, P＜0.001, P=0.020, P＜0.001, P＜0.001, and P＜0.001). Compared with the LBEPS group and ERCP+EST/EPBD+LC groups, the LTCBDE group had significantly lower hospital costs and a significantly longer time to first flatus, and significantly shorter length of hospital stay and time to extraction of drainage tube(all P＜0.05). No serious complication was observed after surgery, and there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between the three groups (P＞0.05). All patients were discharged successfully after surgery. ConclusionThe three minimally invasive surgical procedures combined with T-tube-free drainage achieve the goal of little trauma and pain, fast postoperative recovery, and few serious complications, among which LTCBDE has the lowest treatment costs and the best postoperative recovery.