Objective Using our team's recent research achievement"the cervical ultrasound scanning route map"as a teaching tool,to evaluate its impact on the learning effectiveness and confidence of beginners in the process of learning cervical spinal ultrasonography.Methods This study is a before and after self-control study.After recruit-ment of 40 cervical ultrasound beginners,they had completed questionnaire 1.The questionnaire was designed with three self-assessment questions on theoretical knowledge of cervical spinal ultrasound,three self-assessment ques-tions on practical skills of cervical spinal ultrasound and one question on willingness to use cervical spinal ultra-sound in the future.After traditional teaching without involving the route map,beginners completed questionnaire 2 with the same content.After a 20 min break,teacher introduced and explained the route map to the beginners,then the beginners completed questionnaire 3.Questions related to satisfaction with this learning experience had been added to questionnaire 3.The answers to all questions were scored on a scale of 1-10.In this study,the main out-come was the comprehensive learning score,calculated as(sum score of theoretical knowledge+sum score of prac-tical skills+score of willingness to use cervical ultrasound in the future)/7.Results Beginners'comprehensive learning score at the three time points were 2.9±1.3,4.8±1.8,5.7±1.8,F(2,22)= 52.11,P＜0.001,partial Eta squared=0.83.After introducing the route map,their comprehensive learning score increased 1.0(95%CI:0.46-1.49)(P＜0.001)compared to scores after traditional training.Conclusions The route map may significantly improve learning effectiveness and confidence of beginners in the field of cervical spinal ultrasonography and can be used as a routine training tool in the teaching of cervical spinal ultrasonography.

Background::Digestive system cancers constitute a significant number of cancer cases, but their burden is not uniform. As Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 has recently updated its estimates of cancer burden, we aimed to investigate the burden of six major digestive system cancers both worldwide and in China, along with geographical and temporal variations in cancer-specific incidence and mortality.Methods::We extracted data on primary cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder from the GLOBOCAN database for 2022. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated and stratified by sex, country, region, and human development index (HDI). We used the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects (United Nations) to obtain demographic data for various age groups in China from 1988 to 2012 and used the joinpoint model and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to analyze cancer incidence trends in China.Results::In 2022, the estimated global incidence of digestive system cancers reached 4,905,882, with an estimated 3,324,774 cancer-related deaths. Colorectal cancer was most prevalent in terms of incidence and mortality. There was a significant correlation between the burden of gastrointestinal cancers and country HDI. From 1988 to 2012, the incidence of esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers declined in China, whereas colorectal and pancreatic cancer incidences continued to increase. By 2050, colorectal and liver cancers are projected to remain the leading cancer types in China in terms of incidence and mortality, respectively.Conclusions::Digestive system cancers remain a significant public health challenge globally and in China. Although progress has been made in the prevention and control of some cancers, the burden of digestive system cancers persists. The implementation of tertiary prevention strategies must be intensified to reduce the incidence and mortality of digestive system cancers, mitigating their impact on public health.

  Objective  This study aimed to investigate Chinese anesthesiologists' comprehension of palliative care and their experiences with palliative sedation for patients in the end-stage of life.  Methods  From October to December 2021, a national cross-sectional survey was conducted among anesthesiologists in China distributed by the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology, Chinese Medical Association with convenient sampling. The survey questionnaire encompassed general information, professional experience, familiarity with palliative care, emotional responses to end-stage cases, experience with sedation for critically ill or end-stage patients, and preferences for sedation medication.  Results  A total of 2536 anesthesiologists from 29 provinces in China completed valid questionnaires. Among them, 572 anesthesiologists(22.6%, 572/2536) reported familiarity with palliative medicine. Male anesthesiologists, as well as those with prior experience in caring for critically ill or end-stage patients, involved in pain management and practicing in hospitals with established institutional palliative care teams, demonstrated greater familiarity with palliative care concepts(all P<0.05). Over 40% of respondents felt powerless, helpless, and indecisive when confronted with end-stage patients. Anesthesiologists knowledgeable about palliative care exhibited greater confidence in managing critically ill or end-stage patients(9.8% vs. 4.4%, P=0.001). Among the anesthesiologists surveyed, 734 had administered sedation to end-stage patients, with 151 of them(20.6%, 151/734) inappropriately relying solely on opioids for sedation.  Conclusions  The understanding of palliative care and palliative sedation medication choice among anesthesiologists in China is still very limited. The establishment of palliative care teams, provision of education and training in palliative care, and enhancement of familiarity with palliative principles may bolster anesthesiologists' confidence when encountering critically ill or end-stage patients and subsequently enhance the quality of care for patients in the terminal stages of life.

  Objective  To investigate the occurrence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) among patients with preoperative COVID-19, and further analyze the risk factors for CPSP.  Methods  This study was a ambispective cohort study, with subjects from a completed cohort study with follow-up. We included the clinical data of the patients with preoperative COVID-19 who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023. Follow-up was conducted up to 6 months postoperatively, with the primary outcome being CPSP. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between COVID-19-related exposure indicators and CPSP.  Results  A total of 4117 surgical patients were included, all of whom had preoperative COVID-19. Among them, 4002 cases had mild symptoms during the acute phase, 62 cases had severe symptoms, and 53 cases were critically ill. At 6th month postoperatively, 1298 cases (31.53%) had long COVID-19 syndrome, and the incidence of CPSP was 5.59% (95% CI: 4.88%-6.28%). After adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, comorbidities, anesthesia method, and type of surgery, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that critically ill COVID-19 during the acute phase (aOR=3.35, 95% CI: 1.48-7.62, P < 0.001) and presence of long COVID-19 syndrome postoperatively (aOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.90-3.29, P < 0.001) were associated with CPSP.  Conclusions  It is clear for the first time that critically ill COVID-19 during the acute phase and the presence of long COVID-19 syndrome postoperatively are the risk factors for CPSP among patients with preoperative COVID-19.

  Objective  To identify the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in surgical patients undergoing patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA).  Methods  Our study was a retrospective cohort study, including patients who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 1 to October 31, 2023 and received PCIA after surgery. Patient characteristics, medical history, surgical information, intraoperative medication information, postoperative analgesia follow-up information were obtained through the electronic medical record system. The patients were divided into PCIA-PONV group and non-PCIA-PONV group, depending on the occurrence of PONV during PCIA, and all patients were also divided into PCIA-POV group and non-PCIA-POV according to whether postoperative vomiting (POV) occurred. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for PCIA-PONV and PCIA-POV.  Results  A total of 1373 patients were included in this study, with 676 cases in PCIA-PONV group. The incidence of PCIA-PONV was 49.2%. There were 285 patients in PCIA-POV group, and the incidence of PCIA-POV was 20.8%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.134, 95% CI: 1.590-2.865, P < 0.001) and abdominal surgery (OR=1.655, 95% CI: 1.253-2.186, P < 0.001) were risk factors for PCIA-PONV, whereas the increase of age (OR=0.990, 95% CI: 0.982-0.998, P=0.019) and the increase of BMI (OR=0.961, 95% CI: 0.932-0.991, P=0.012) were protective factors for PCIA-PONV. Female (OR=2.646, 95% CI: 1.754-3.992, P < 0.001), history of general anesthesia (OR=1.372, 95% CI: 1.042-1.806, P=0.024), and intraoperative use of high-dose opioids (OR=1.607, 95% CI: 1.206-2.142, P=0.001) were risk factors for PCIA-POV, whereas no intraoperative use of neuromuscular blocking antagonists (OR=0.393, 95% CI: 0.237-0.651, P < 0.001) was protective factor for PCIA-POV.  Conclusions  Our study reveals the risk factors for PONV in surgical patients undergoing PCIA, and shows that comprehensive preoperative assessment and reasonable perioperative management strategies are significant in the prevention of PCIA-PONV.

To explore the incidence and influencing factors of subacute and chronic pain in patients returning to the ICU after surgery, provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the evaluation and management of such patients, and improve the prognosis of this population.

Objective This study aims to investigate the current status of burnout among anesthesi-ology residents,and to explore its influencing factors and potential interventions.Methods A total of 2 651 practicing anesthesiology residents from 218 hospitals nationwide were included in this study.Demographic characteristics,occupational features,and psychological resilience scores(Connor-Davidson resilience scale)were collected using a questionnaire distributed electronically.The Maslach burnout inventory-human service survey(MBI-HSS)was used to assess burnout.A comparison between groups with and without occu-pational burnout was conducted.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for burnout among anesthesiology residents.Results Out of the expected 2 651 questionnaires,1 990 valid responses were received(response rate 77.7%).The prevalence of burnout among the residents was 53.4%(1 063/1 990).Compared with residents without occupational burnout,those with burnout had a signifi-cantly higher proportion of females,working in tertiary hospitals,unmarried individuals,frequency of en-countering challenging patients,participating in on-call duty,and research tasks,and had a significantly lon-ger weekly working hours(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female(OR = 1.58,95%CI 1.28-1.97,P＜0.01),longer working hours(OR = 1.62,95%CI 1.45-1.81,P＜0.01),and higher frequency of encountering challenging patients(OR = 1.11,95%CI 1.11-1.40,P＜0.01)were risk factors for occupational burnout.High levels of psychological resilience was protective factor against burnout(OR = 0.86,95%CI 0.84-0.88,P＜0.01).Conclusion The occurrence of burnout among anesthesiology residents is high.It is crucial to focus on and design practical preventive measures to en-hance psychological resilience,ensuring healthy physical and mental development of the resident community.

Objective This study compared the effects of intraoperative intercostal nerve block(ICNB)and preoperative ultrasound-guided paravertebral block(US-PVB)on postoperative complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery.Methods Data from 240 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery under general anesthesia between January 2019 and December 2020 was retrospectively collected.These patients either received intraoperative intercostal nerve block(ICNB)(202 cases)or pre-operative ultrasound-guided paravertebral block(US-PVB)(38 cases).The incidence rates of overall postoperative complications,postoperative pulmonary complications,postoperative cardiac complications,postoperative cerebral complications,other postoperative complications,remedial analgesia requirement in the PACU,intraoperative fentanyl consumption,postoperative oral morphine equivalent(OME),perioperative OME,duration of postoperative drainage tube,postoperative ICU stay,and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the ICNB group and the US-PVB group.Univariate and multivariate regression were used to analyze the effects of different analgesia methods on postoperative complicationsResults There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative overall complications between the ICNB group and the US-PVB group(P＞0.05).In the univariate analysis,no significant difference was found in the overall postoperative complications between the ICNB group(16.3％)and the US-PVB group(13.2％)(OR=0.642,95％CI 0.239-1.786;P=0.404.Multivariate analysis also did not reveal any differences between the two groups(OR=0.843,95％CI 0.299-2.377;P=0746).For the analysis of secondary outcomes,according to multivariate analysis,there was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative pulmonary complications,postoperative cardiac complications,other postoperative complications,remedial analgesia requirement in the PACU,intraoperative fentanyl consumption,postoperative OME,perioperative OME,duration of postoperative drainage tube,postoperative ICU stay or postoperative hospital stay(P＞0.05).Conclusion In this study,we found no difference in postoperative complications between intraoperative ICNB and preoperative US-PVB.

Objective:To explore influencing factors of the self-reported brief life quality satisfaction score(Brief-QoL) in patients with acromegaly and understand the persistent low Brief-QoL scores in cases achieving biochemical remission.Methods:This study included 836 acromegaly patients who were hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020. We retrospectively examined how clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, comorbidities, and symptoms influenced Brief-QoL. Among patients who achieved biochemical remission, differences in clinical symptoms and comorbidities were analyzed between the high and low quality of life groups.Results:Patients with well-controlled biochemical indicators at the last follow-up had generally high Brief-QoL. However, patients with symptoms such as headaches (47.8% in the low-score group vs 14.9% in the high-score group, P<0.001) and joint pain (69.6% in the low-score group vs 19.0% in the high-score group, P<0.001) had low Brief-QoL despite biochemical remission. Receiving combined treatment(52.4% in the low-score group vs 27.5% in the high-score group, P=0.030) and having comorbid diabetes or hyperlipidemia were significant factors leading to decreased quality of life. Conclusion:Brief-QoL is suitable for follow-up of outpatient patients. Early identification of factors affecting quality of life and timely intervention can facilitate the realization of standardized management.

【Objective】 To investigate the perioperative rate of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its risk factors, and to identify its cross-match to transfusion ratio (C∶T ratio). 【Methods】 Anesthetic data of patients who underwent TKA from January 2014 to October 2019 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion rate was calculated, and binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify its risk factors in these patients. The overall C∶T ratio was calculated and divided into subgroups based on surgery type and age group. 【Results】 The study enrolled 2 903 patients. The perioperative rate of allogeneic RBC transfusion in TKA patients was 10.9% (95% CI 9.8%~12.0%) and overall C∶T ratio was 5.6∶1. The independent risk factors leading to perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion included advanced age(OR=1.025, 95% CI 1.009~1.042, P<0.01), preoperative hemoglobin level(OR=0.966, 95% CI 0.954~0.978, P<0.001), preoperative anemia(OR=3.543, 95% CI 2.052~6.119, P<0.001), hematological diseases(OR=6.462, 95% CI 2.479~16.841, P<0.001), bilateral surgery(OR=7.681, 95% CI 5.759~10.245, P<0.01) and revision surgery(OR=9.584, 95% CI 4.360~21.065, P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 The risk factors for perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion in TKA patients included advanced age, preoperative low hemoglobin level, preoperative anemia, hematological diseases, bilateral surgery and revision surgery. Only type and screen tests are recommended if patients receiving unilateral primary TKA surgery are less than 75 years old without anemia and hematological diseases, while at least one to four units of blood should be cross-matched if patients are with preoperative anemia and hematological diseases or will receive bilateral and revision arthroplasty.