The quality assurance of radiation oncology physics is one important aspect of QA in tumor radiotherapy. The constitution and work principle of Daily QA3 are briefly introduced. The practical application and experiences in quality assurance of radiation oncology physics are shared. The performance of function is evaluated. On the whole, Daily QA3 can be used conveniently to meet the need of the QA of radiation oncology physics.

Objective For drinking water deep treatment,this study compared the abilities of several common domestic products of activated carbon in virus removal from water through adsorption. Methods This study compared the abilities in virus removal of two types of granular activated carbon (GAC) materials (domestic product made of coconut shell) and one type of activated carbon fiber (ACF) material (domestic product made of mucilage glue-based ACF felt) under a fixed condition (phosphate buffered saline-PBS solution,pH =7.3,25 ℃) and the abilities of one of the above two GAC types under various conditions (before and after pretreatment,15-35 ℃,pH= 6.0-8.4,concentration of Ca2+ 0-500 mg/L,ionic strength 0-0.1 mol/L). The tested virus was the indicator phages obtained from sewage with an enterobacterium (Escherichia coli 285). Results The removal process with the GACs followed the first order kinetic model (R2: 0.83-0.99),whereas that of the ACF did not (R2: 0.44-0.64),with the rate constants of 0.505 3-2.606 8 (GACs) and 0.219 2-0.413 8 (ACF). Pretreatment (boiling for 2 h and then washing in deionized water) could both increase and decrease the removal effects,depending on the GAC sources. Different abilities in virus removal were found between the two GACs with their comparative outcomes depending on if they were subject to the pretreatment; higher levels of temperature,Ca2+ concentration,and ionic strength,and slight acidic and alkaline conditions favored virus removal. Calculation from the first order kinetic simulation showed that: the removal percentage within 15 min was around 30% with the highest 40% and the lowest 5%; and the maximum removal during the experimental period of 5 h reached 5-log. Although the amount (1 g) of the GACs used was ten times of that of the ACF (0.1 g),the measured values showed that the latter had faster initial removal rates than the former. Conclusion The three domestic products of activated carbon showed a large difference in their abilities to remove the viruses from water through adsorption with their comparative outcomes depending on the experimental conditions. If the short duration (about 15 min) currently employed in activated carbon treatment process is considered,it will be necessary to study the ways in promoting virus removal through adsorption onto the activated carbon materials of domestic products used in this experiment.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of transurethral holmium laser treatment for multiple complex bladder pathological changes.Methods Clinical data of 507 cases of transurethral holmium laser resection for multiple complex bladder pathological changes under endoscope from 2001 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed.A total of 17 types of bladder pathological changes were encountered,and 2 or more types of pathological changes occurred simultaneously in 111 cases,including 36 cases of 3 types of coexisting changes.Results Primary operation was performed in 505 patients,and two-stage operation was performed in 2 patients.The operation time was 5~35 min(mean,20 min).No obturator nerve reflex and other complications were seen.The operation was accomplished in 3 patients with cardiac pacemaker and 3 patients with coronary stent.Follow-up examinations in all the cases for 12~24 months revealed no relapse.Conclusions Transurethral holmium laser resection for multiple complex bladder pathological changes is safe and reliable.During the procedure,the degree of resection depth in the bladder wall can be precisely controlled.It can be used as the first choice for minimally invasive treatment of multiple complex bladder pathological changes.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) in laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.MethodsLUS was utilized in laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for 7 cases of ureterolith to locate the ureter and stone.ResultsLUS demonstrated the relationship of the ureter to the adjacent structures and guided the dissection of the ureter in all the 7 patients and precisely localized the position of calculi.The stone could be touched by atraumatic clamps in 5 cases.LUS-demonstrated localizations of the ureter and calculi were verified on laparoscopic ureterotomy in the other 2.The mean operating time for LUS was 14 min (ranging from 9 to 20 min ).ConclusionsLUS is a real adjuvant means for locating the ureter and stone.

Objective To appraise the diagnostic capability of laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) for urinary system injury induced by laparoscopic surgery in goats. Methods Animal models of different types of urinary system injury at different sites were established in five goats. One goat without injury was set as a negative control. LUS was used to examine the animals following randomization and single-blind principles. Results The sensitivity of LUS was 76.9% (10/13),specificity was 100%,and the false-negative rate was 23.1% (3/13). No false-positive results were detected in this study. The sham injury was accurately detected through LUS. The scan time of LUS ranged from 19 to 25 min with a mean of 21 min. Conclusions LUS is of value in the diagnosis of urinary system injury.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to determine levels of Ghrelin,TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which diagnosed at different extent of damage,and based on it to have a further study on the relevance between Ghrelin and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood in above diseases.Methods:Ghrelin,TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 in peripheral blood were determined by ELISA method.Results:In patients with chronic hepatitis B andhepatic cirrhosis,Ghrelin level increased significantly as compared with that in normal control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Ghrelin levels in decompensated liver cirrhosis (degree B and C)groups were much higher than in chronic hepatitis B group (P＜0.05). Ghrelin level in group of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease decreased significantly as compared with that in normal control group (P<0.01). Ghrelin and inflammatory cytokines,including TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 showed a positive relevances in groups of chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis,but not in NAFLD group which showed a negative correlations.Conclusion:Ghrelin has a higher level in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis,but it has a lower level in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,suggesting correlation of Ghrelin level with the occurrence and the procession of chronic liver diseass.

Objective To provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment of bleeding during percutaneous nephrolithotomy( PC-NL) . Methods The clinical data of 1 012 patients with intraoperative and postoperative bleeding during percutaneous nephrolithotomy in our urology department were collected,hemorrhoea occurred on 36 cases,the occurrence rate was 3. 56%. The incidence,correlation with cal-culi,diabetes mellitus,examination item,technical operation were analyzed and compared. Results The incidence was 5. 52% for patients with complicated calculi. The incidence of delayed massive haemorrhage has been increased postoperatively in the diabetes mellitus patients. This incidence was 1. 81% for patients with preoperative examination. Along with the extension of time in carrying out technology,PCNL asso-ciated bleeding incidence decreased year by year. Conclusion The occurrence of haemorrhage associated with PCNL could be decreased by correctly handling complicated calculi,preoperative examination,keeping blood glucose homeostasis and improving the manipulation ability of operator.

Life care education,ideological and political education in colleges and universities are important components of higher education.Loss in the life care education,which is prone to be the ignorance of human and human lives in the educational practice,is attracting increasing attention.This paper discusses the status quo and problems in life care,the necessities and approaches in carrying out life care education.

Objective To investigate the effect of free transplantation of fibula composite tissue flap to the repair of forearm bone and soft tissue serious defect.Methods Eleven cases of reparing forearm bone and soft tissue serious defect through transplantation of free fibula composite tissue petal were applied from March 2004 to February 2011.The length of transplanted fibula composite tissue flap was 8-14 cm ; the flap area was 5 cm ×8 cm-20 cm ×20 cm.The curing situation on bone fracture was observed in 3,6 and 12 months after the surgical opration and the function of defected arm was evaluated in 1 year after surgical operation.Results All of 11 cases of fibula composite tissue flap were survived.The observation was undertaken for more than 12 months after the operation and the fracture section occured the characteristics of healing up in 3 months and fibula and arm bone occured well healed up in half a year; It scored 22.9 according to Enneking system after 1 year of the operation.The function of forearm rotation were classed as this:3 good cases,6 medium cases and 2 poor cases.In the 2 sural nerve bridging transplantation cases,one case was repaired of radial nerve inside static's two-point discrimination (s2PD) to 9 mm,another case was repaired of ulnar nerve distal volar little finger s2PD to 15 mm.All the cases could achieve making a fist with thumb and a thumb could be oppoiste to other 4 fingers,and the ankle joint movement was normal.Conclusion Transplantion of free fibula composite tissue flap to the repair of forearm bone and soft tissue serious defect is an ideal surgical operation method.

Objective To establish a modified dynamic 99Tcm-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy(SGS) method,and to evaluate the value in the diagnosis of Sj(o)gren's syndrome(SS) by comparing SGS with labial gland biopsy (LGB).Methods A total of 204 patients (21 males,183 females,age range 20-85 years) with suspected SS who underwent the modified dynamic SGS and LGB were enrolled in this prospective study.Uptake ratio (UR) and excretion fraction (EF) of the left parotid gland (LPG),the right parotid gland (RPG),the left submandibular gland (LSG) and the right submandibular gland (RSG)were calculated.Two-sample t test was used for data analysis.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of the modified dynamic SGS and LGB were calculated,and x2 test was used for data analysis.Results SS was confirmed in 113 patients,including 79 patients with primary SS and 34 patients with secondary SS.SS was excluded in 88 patients.The UR and EF of the SS group (LPG:1.95±1.04 and (52.2±19.5)％,RPG:1.96±1.06 and (55.0±21.1)％,LSG:2.65±1.12 and (25.9±14.1)％,RSG:2.72±1.30 and (29.7± 14.7) ％) were significantly lower than those of the non-SS group (LPG:3.08± 1.10 and (65.9± 12.7) ％,RPG:3.26±1.16 and (66.4±12.6)％,LSG:3.71±1.31 and (43.2±12.3)％,RSG:3.74±1.39 and (46.6± 11.5) ％;t=4.40-9.00,all P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of the modified dynamic SGS were 99.1％ (112/113),72.7％ (64/88),87.6％ (176/201),respectively,while those of LGB were 83.2％ (94/113),96.6％ (85/88),89.1％ (179/201),respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of SGS method were significantly different from those of LGB (x2 =15.9,17.5,both P＜0.05).Conclusions The modified dynamic SGS can reduce the acquisition time and has a high sensitivity for SS.When combined with LGB,it will improve the diagnostic accuracy for SS.