Objective: To investigate the implementation of disease prevention and control services at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing for providing evidences to explore and build a scientific evaluation model of disease control service in medical institutions. Methods: June to September 2018, through a questionnaire survey of 50 tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing, a descriptive analysis was made on the department setting, personnel allocation and service provision status of disease prevention and control at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing. Results: Among the 44 investigated public tertiary general hospitals, 26(59.1%) medical institutions have set up departments of disease prevention and control. The average staffing of 44 hospitals was 5.8 persons for the department. Professional composition of the staff was mostly nursing and clinical disciplines, and the academic and professional titles were mostly undergraduate and intermediate degrees respectively. Overall performance of disease prevention and control services in public tertiary general hospitals was satisfactory. The work was well carried out in communicable disease control and death-surveillance management, namely in immunoprophylaxis, chronic noncommunicable diseases and injury monitoring, which varies widely in mental health services, occupational health management, environmental and health monitoring and other functions. Conclusions Professional ability and management level of personnel still need to be improved. We should further clarify the joint prevention and control mechanism of the " Three-in-one" nature of disease control institutions, medical institutions and communities, promote the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and explore the classification and grading evaluation of disease control work based on the types and quantity requirements of disease prevention and control services undertaken by hospitals, so as to effectively improve the level of disease control services in hospitals.

Objective: To explore the establishment of an evaluation indicator system for disease prevention and control workload at public hospitals, based on the current situation of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing, and to provide evaluation assistance for them to do better in this regard. Methods: This research was based on our pervious study of the current situation description of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals in Beijing, by which the contents of routine disease prevention and control work at hospitals have been initially established. The unit strength of each work was consulted, and the disease prevention and control work was classified according to the results. Meanwhile the consistency test of the work intensity within the category was carried out. After integration, the classification and evaluation indicator of disease prevention and control work in public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing was finally established. Results: The workload evaluation indicator system was divided into eight parts: report work, report quality control work, monitoring work, training work, work of public health related clinical diagnosis and treatment, work of clinical examination and vaccination, work of sampling and testing and public health related consultation work. The work intensity of each category ranged from 4.78 to 7.34. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system of workload is suitable for the evaluation of basic works. The unified transformation of workload by using the value of work intensity is conducive to management evaluation, but the limitation of the indicators exists in time and region, making it necessary to adjust by the local specific situation at the promotion and application level.

In recent years,the relatinship is hot spot between glycemic indexes and prognosis of critical patients in critical medicine area.To control the fluctuation of blood glucose is more important than to control high blood glucose,so to control the fluctuation is a significant strategy to control the value of blood sugar in critical patients.The indexes reflected blood glucose fluctuation have a lot,such as the mean value of blood glucose,variation coefficient of blood glucose,instability index of blood glucose,etc.This paper will summarize the type and computational method of glycemic indexes and the relationship between glycemic indexes and critical patients prognosis,and prospect how to improve the glycimic indexes in clinic in the future.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Objective:To analyze the policy tools designed for function orientation and development of China′s infectious disease hospitals, in order to provide references for formulating and optimizing the functional implementation and sustainable development policies of these hospitals.Methods:Consulting the website of Peking University Law and official websites on health, and using such keywords as " medical institutions, infectious diseases, hospitals for infectious diseases, public health emergencies, specialized hospitals", and searching the national policy texts on the functions and development of infectious disease hospitals issued from December 1991 to January 2023. By means of Rothwell and Zegveld′s policy tool classification method, Nvivo 11 Pro software was used to analyze the text content from the dimensions of demand-type, supply-type, and environmental-type policy tools.Results:A total of 41 policy texts were included and 204 codes were obtained through text analysis. Of all the tools, environmental and supply-oriented policy tools were used the most, being 104 (50.99%) and 95 (46.56%) respectively, while demand-oriented policy tools were used the least, only 5 (2.45%). Of all the environmental-oriented policy tools, " goal planning" was the most used, being 34 (16.67%), while " publicity and guidance" was less used, only 4 (1.96%). Among the supply-oriented policy tools, " clarifying the reporting and handling service functions of public health emergencies" was the most widely used, being 34 (16.67%), while " Informationization" and " infrastructure construction" was less used, being 8 (3.92%) and 6 (2.94%) respectively. Few of the demand-oriented policy tools were in use, as " government purchase" and " medical insurance support" were both 2 (0.98% each), and " social medical care" was only 1 (0.49%).Conclusions:The distribution of three types of policy tools for function and development of infectious disease hospitals is unbalanced, the use of environmental and supply-oriented policy tools is excessive and internal structure is unbalanced. The proportion of environmental-oriented policy tools needs to be adjusted, and the frequency of use of supporting tools such as relevant standards, norms, incentives, supervision and publicity should be increased. Supply-oriented policies need to be further optimized, especially in terms of personnel training, funding, information technology and infrastructure construction. Demand-oriented policy tools are seriously underused and need to be further developed.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of null allele for 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STR) loci in a group of infertile males.

METHODSTwo hundred thirty six infertile males featuring non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia were analyzed with an AmpFISTR ((R)) Yfiler (TM) kit. Deletions of azoospermia factor (AZF) fragments were confirmed with Y chromosome sequence-tagged sites (STSs) analysis using modified multiplex PCR.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence of AZF microdeletions was 16.95% (40/236). In the non-obstructive azoospermia group, 13 cases had AZFc deletion, 6 cases had AZFb+c deletion, 2 cases had AZFa deletion, 1 case had AZFb deletion. In the severe oligozoospermia group, 17 cases had AZFc deletion and 1 had AZFb deletion. No AZFa+b+c deletion was detected. Forty cases showed null alleles by scanning of the 17 STR loci. Deletions of DYS438, DYS439, DYS437, DYS389I and DYS389II were found in the 2 cases with AZFa deletion. In patients with AZFb deletion, DYS392 and DYS385a/b were found deleted. Deletions of DYS448 were detected in all of the 30 cases with AZFc deletion. Deletions of DYS392, DYS385a/b, and DYS448 were found in 6 cases with AZFb+c deletion.

CONCLUSIONDeletions of the Y chromosome AZF regions are associated with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Null allele due to complete absence of AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions may lead to misinterpretation in the sexual assault cases. Revealing the locus heterogeneity in male infertility population can enrich the Y-STR database and facilitate interpretation STR data in forensic DNA testing.

Objective　To study the efficacy and safety of hard channel puncture drainage in the treatment of multiple septated chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in the elderly by comparison with drilling drainage. Methods Twenty-one over-80-year-old patients with unilateral multiple septated CSDH were treated with drilling drainage in 9 cases (drilling group) and hard channel puncture drainage in 12 cases (hard channel group). The operation time, hematoma clearance rate in 1 week after operation, postoperative complications and hematoma recurrence in 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups. Results　The two groups of patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time ranged from 50 to 95 min with a mean of (78±14) min in the drilling group and 22 to 40 min with a mean of (29±5) min in the hard channel group. The difference was significant (P<0.05); One week after operation, the hematoma clearance rate ranged from 92% to100% with a mean of 96%±3% in the drilling group and 90% to 100% with a mean of 94%±3% in the hard channel group. The difference was not significant (P>0.05). Postoperative complications: there was no epilepsy in the drilling group, and 1 epilepsy in the hard channel group (8.3%). The difference was not significant (P>0.05). There were no other complications such as intracranial space occupying gas, brain parenchyma injury, intracranial infection in both groups. Hematoma recurrence 3 months after operation: there was no recurrence in the drilling group and 3 cases (25%) in the hard channel group. The difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions　Hard channel puncture drainage is safe and effective in the treatment of elderly multiple septated CSDH. Compared with drilling drainage, it has shorter operation time, less trauma and is more suitable for patients with important organ diseases.

Hospitals, especially public hospitals, are an important part of the public health service system. To clarify public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China and provide evidences for related health policy decisions, this article introduced the public health services of hospitals in the United States, Britain, Australia and Canada, and then analyzed public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China through literature review and case study. The authors summed up eight kinds of public health service functions, and put forward policy advices to promote the performance of public health functions of public hospitals in China.

An assessment is a key to public health management. This article reviewed the experiences and researches of assessment on public-health system, as well as public health service quality of medical institutions in America, the United Kingdom and Australia among other countries. On such basis, suggestions were provided on assessments of public health service in China, in order to help the government to improve its indicator evaluation system.