Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a common cause of vision loss clinically,and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a major part in this disease.Studying the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on RPE cells are of great importance to reveal the pathogenesis and prevention of PVR,which were rarely reported.Objective This study was to study and compare the inhibition effect among curcumin,salvia miltiorrhiza and matrine on IL-1β-induced proliferation of rabbit RPE cells.Methods RPE cells at passages 3-4 were enrolled for the research and identified by transmission electron microscope.The proliferation effect of IL-1 β (2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0 μg/L) and inhibitory effect of curcumin (5,10,20 μg/ml),salvia miltiorrhiza (5,10,20 μg/ml)or matrine (100,200,400 μg/ml) on RPE cells 24,48 and 72 hours after cultivation were studied by MTT assay.The 50％ inhibitory dose (IC50) of the three medicines were analyzed by regression analysis.The use and feeding of the experimental animals were followed by the ARVO Statement.Results RPE cells isolated from the rabbit eye were in round shape and abundant in melanin;The melanin significantly decreased in the fourth generations of RPE cells.Immunohistochemistry showed that the RPE cells was positive for keratin (AE1/AE3).The proliferation rates of RPE cells were statistically different among different concentrations of IL-1β 24,48 and 72 hours after cultivation (Ftime =30.33,P =0.00;Fconcentration =9.37,P =0.00);The proliferation rates of RPE were significantly different among different time points or different concentrations of IL-1β (all at P ＜ 0.05).And the proliferation rate run up to maximum at 10 μg/L after 72 hours of cultivation.The inhibitory rates of the three medicines were statistically different among different time points or different concentrations (curcumin:Ftime =128.75,P =0.00;Fconcentration =334.05,P=0.00.salvia miltiorrhiza:Ftime =39.32,P=0.00;Fconcentration =165.57,P=0.00.matrine:Ftime =267.76,P =0.00;Fconcentration =912.34,P =0.00).The three medicines dose-dependently and time-dependently inhibit IL-1β-induced proliferation of RPE cells,with significant differences between the adjacent time points and concentrations (all at P＜0.05).The IC50 were 26.77,19.01 and 9.45 μg/ml for curcumin;33.72,23.47 and 12.56 μg/ml for salvia miltiorrhiza,570.96,352.25 and 97.50μg/ml for matrine 24,48 and 72 hours after cultivation.Conclusions The proliferation of RPE cells can be stimulated by IL-1β,and the maximal proliferation occurred with a concentration of 10.0 μg/L IL-1β.Curcumin,salvia miltiorrhiza and matrine dose-dependently and time-dependently inhibit proliferation of RPE cells induced by IL-1β.Curcumin is the best medicine to inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells.

Background Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important inflammation-related factor in the initial stage of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).The previous research showed that curcumin can inhibit IL-1 β-induced proliferation of rabbit retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells,but the anti-inflammatory mechanism and effect of curcumin are still undefined.Objective This study was to observe the migration of IL-1β-induced rabbit RPE cells,and evaluate the function and mechanism of inhibition of curcumin on IL-1β-induced inflammation of RPE cells.Methods Cultured rabbit RPE cells of generation 4 were used in this experiment.The cells were cultured in serum-free DMEM and 0,0.1,1.0 and 10.0 μg/L IL-1β were separately added in the medium for 24 hours.The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA in the cells were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR to determine the optimal concentration of IL-1β.The cells were divided into IL-1β group and curcumin+IL-1β group,and 1.0 μg/L IL-1 or 1.0 μμg/L IL-1 β combined with 10 μg/ml curcumin was respectively added into the medium for 24,48 and 72 hours.The cells cultured by only serum-free medium served as the control group.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted for the cells to count the number of cells migrating into the injured area under the optical microscope.The relative expression levels of COX-2 protein and mRNA in the cells were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR,and the relative expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65 and inhibitor of NF-κB-α (IκB-α) protein were also detected by Western blot assay.The expression intensity and location of NF-κBp65,IκB-α and COX-2 in the cells were detected by immunochemistry.Results RPE cells just isolated from the rabbit eyes were in round shape and abundant in melanin.The melanin significantly decreased in the fourth generations of RPE cells.The shape of cells became long and narrow,and net shaped distribution.Immunochemistry demonstrated the strong positive response of RPE cells for keratin (AE1/AE3).There were (31.93 ±1.21),(36.27±2.50) and (38.33±2.40) migratory cells in the control group after 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.The number of migratory cells increased to 45.73 ± 2.30,71.13 ± 1.92 and 80.60 ± 1.71 in the IL-13 group,but obviously decreased to 13.13 ± 2.20,14.93 ± 1.10 and 12.60 ± 1.51 in the curcumin + IL-1β group.A Significant increase in the migrating cell number was found in the IL-1 β group compared with the control group and the curcumin+IL-1β group in various time points (all at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of COX-2 protein and mRNA peaked in the 1.0 μg/L IL-1β group,so 1.0 μg/L of IL-1β was determined as the optimal concentration in the experiment.In 24,48 and 72 hours after culture,the expression levels of COX-2 protein and mRNA in the cells were significantly lower in the curcumin + IL-1β group than those in the control group (all at P＜0.05).The relative expression level reached peak in NF-κBp65 protein and lowed bottom in IκB-α proteins at 48 hours after cultured in the IL-1β group,and the reverse trend was seen in the curcumin+IL-1β group,with the significant differences between the two groups (both at P＜0.05).Immunochemistry showed that NF-κBp65 was expressed strongly in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm in the IL-1 β group and presented the weaker expression in the control group and the curcumin+IL-1 β group.Compared with the control group,the expression was weaker in IκB-α and stronger in COX-2 in the IL-1β group.In addition,the expression of IκB-α was enhanced and that of COX-2 was attenuated in the curcumin+IL-1β group in comparison with the IL-1β group.Conclusions Curcumin inhibits the movement of rabbit RPE cells induced by IL-1β.IL-1β up-regulates the expression of COX-2 by activating NF-κB signal pathway,and curcumin plays an anti-inflammatory role by blocking this pathway.

Objective To explore the importance of high-quality nursing in the process of wavefront aberration test. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the nursing cooperation in 16 patients (32 eyes) during their wavefront aberration test. Results The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) in 15 patients of 16 patients reached more than 1. 0 both in one month and 6 months after the surgery; the post-operation refraction were less than 0. 5D with expected refraction; none of the 16 patients′ best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) reduced after surgery. Conclusions The accuracy of data collection of wavefront aberration test is the foundation for excimer laser and high-quality nursing plays an important role in the test.

Objective To observe the nursing efficacy for myopic patients with high cornea curvature undergoing laser-assisted insight keratomileusis ( LASIK ) . Methods We retrospectively analyzed the nursing experience and surgery cooperation during LASIK for 35 myopic patients with pure high cornea curvature, including pre-operation examination, pre-operation preparation, cooperativeness during surgery, and post-operative nursing instruction. We also compared the pre-operation and post-operation anterior corneal surface elevation and posterior corneal surface elevation. Results All 35 patients had achieved their pre-operation best corrected visual acuity, without cornea staphyloma. The long-term efficacy needed to be follow-up in further study. Conclusions LASIK has shown safety and efficacy for myopic patients with high cornea curvature, and the success of which not only depended on the skill of the surgeon, but also on the peri-op nursing.

Objective To explore application effects of individualized nursing in excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).MethodsRandomly 24 cases of bullous keratopathy underwent PTK surgery were divided as the control group and the observation group,and patients of control group received routine care while patients of observation group implemented personalized care. The curative effect,pain score, anxiety score and satisfaction degree of the two groups were observed.Results In observation group,patients were better than the control group in the degree of anxiety,postoperative pain and satisfaction (P<0.05). Control group had two cases lost corneal contact lens. There were no postoperative complications in the two groups.Conclusions The security of PTK is high to treat bullous keratopathy,and personalized nursing can enhance the awareness of cooperation and psychological ability of patients during operation,and improve patient′s satisfaction.

Objective To investigate effects of optimal nursing in improving postoperative complications of epipolis laser in situ ketatomileusis (Epi-LASIK).Methods A total of 80 patients (160 eyes) with myopia undergoing Epi-LASIK operation in our hospital from June 2010 to May 2014 were included in the study. Control group contained 40 patients from June 2010 to August 2012 and received routine nursing, while observation group contained 40 patients from September 2012 to May 2014 and were given additional optimal nursing. Postoperative pain symptoms,healing time of corneal epithelium and corneal haze (Haze) were compared between two groups.Results After 1 day and 3 days post operation,the scores of pain of patients in observation group were significant lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Average healing time of corneal epithelium of patients in observation group (5.05±0.58)days was shorter than control group (5.59±0.98)days. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1,3 and 6 months,incidence rate of Haze in observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Optimal nursing effectively prevents and reduces postoperative complications of Epi-LASIK.

Objective:To explore the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of pathogens in primary infectious diseases of the spine (IDS) and to reveal its pathogen spectrum.Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Clinical data of 380 patients with primary IDS who were treated at four medical centers in China from December 2019 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 129 cases were from the Orthopedics Section Ⅱ (Bone Infection), Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, 112 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, and 57 cases were from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. There were 238 males and 242 females, with an age of (61.4±13.1) years (range: 10 to 91 years). Specimens from the site of spinal infection were obtained for pathogen culture, pathological examination, and mNGS detection preoperatively or intraoperatively in all patients. The number, types, and positive rates of pathogens detected by the two methods were analyzed and compared using the Chi-square test.Results:Among the 380 patients, 320 had confirmed pathogenic bacteria, with the highest proportion being pyogenic bacterial infections, accounting for 76.9% (246/320). The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 22.8% (73/320). Brucella accounted for 13.8% (44/320); Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounted for 6.3% (20/320). Fungal infections accounted for 3.4% (11/320), mainly Aspergillus and Candida. In addition, Mycoplasma was detected in 3 cases (0.9%) and Benacox body in 4 cases (1.2%). The pathogen spectrum constructed by mNGS covered 46 types of pathogens, higher than the 22 types detected by traditional methods. The positive rate of mNGS was 80.8% (308/381), significantly higher than the 27.9% (106/381) of traditional methods ( χ2=182.53, P<0.01). Conclusions:mNGS improves the positive rate of pathogen diagnosis in IDS, detecting a broader spectrum of pathogens, and serves as a valuable complement to traditional diagnostic methods. Combining both methods in the diagnosis of IDS can maximize detection rates, providing robust evidence for precise anti-infective treatment.

Objective:To explore the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of pathogens in primary infectious diseases of the spine (IDS) and to reveal its pathogen spectrum.Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Clinical data of 380 patients with primary IDS who were treated at four medical centers in China from December 2019 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 129 cases were from the Orthopedics Section Ⅱ (Bone Infection), Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, 112 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, and 57 cases were from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. There were 238 males and 242 females, with an age of (61.4±13.1) years (range: 10 to 91 years). Specimens from the site of spinal infection were obtained for pathogen culture, pathological examination, and mNGS detection preoperatively or intraoperatively in all patients. The number, types, and positive rates of pathogens detected by the two methods were analyzed and compared using the Chi-square test.Results:Among the 380 patients, 320 had confirmed pathogenic bacteria, with the highest proportion being pyogenic bacterial infections, accounting for 76.9% (246/320). The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 22.8% (73/320). Brucella accounted for 13.8% (44/320); Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounted for 6.3% (20/320). Fungal infections accounted for 3.4% (11/320), mainly Aspergillus and Candida. In addition, Mycoplasma was detected in 3 cases (0.9%) and Benacox body in 4 cases (1.2%). The pathogen spectrum constructed by mNGS covered 46 types of pathogens, higher than the 22 types detected by traditional methods. The positive rate of mNGS was 80.8% (308/381), significantly higher than the 27.9% (106/381) of traditional methods ( χ2=182.53, P<0.01). Conclusions:mNGS improves the positive rate of pathogen diagnosis in IDS, detecting a broader spectrum of pathogens, and serves as a valuable complement to traditional diagnostic methods. Combining both methods in the diagnosis of IDS can maximize detection rates, providing robust evidence for precise anti-infective treatment.

Genomic alterations are commonly found in the signaling pathways of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Although there is no selective FGFR inhibitors in market, several promising inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials, and showed encouraging efficacies in patients. By designing a hybrid between the FGFR-selectivity-enhancing motif dimethoxybenzene group and our previously identified novel scaffold, we discovered a new series of potent FGFR inhibitors, with the best one showing sub-nanomolar enzymatic activity. After several round of optimization and with the solved crystal structure, detailed structure-activity relationship was elaborated. Together with metabolic stability tests and pharmacokinetic profiling, a representative compound () was selected and tested in xenograft mouse model, and the result demonstrated that inhibitor was effective against tumors with FGFR genetic alterations, exhibiting potential for further development.