Objective: To investigate the awareness, sexual behavior characteristics and infection status of AIDS among male floating population in Anhui Province, so as to provide insights into formulating prevention and control measures for male floating population. Methods: Male floating population of three occupations including construction workers, enterprise workers, and business operators in Wuhu, Tongling, Hefei, and Fuyang cities were selected using stratified cluster random method from April to August 2021. Demographic information, knowledge of AIDS and high-risk behaviors were collected through questionnaires surveys. The results of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody testing were collected through laboratory tests. Awareness rate of AIDS knowledge, sexual behavior characteristics, and positive rates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV among male floating population of different occupations were analyzed. Results: A total of 1 616 people were enrolled, including 1 016 construction workers (62.87%), 253 enterprise workers (15.66%) and 347 business operators (21.47%), and had a mean age of (40.63±12.32) years. The overall awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among male floating population was 89.54%, the awareness rates of business operators, construction workers, and enterprise workers were 98.33%, 88.29% and 82.61%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportions of consistent condom use during sexual intercourse with a spouse or cohabitant, during commercial sexual encounters, and with casual partners in the past year were 7.15% (91/1 273), 64.00% (16/25) and 50.00% (8/16), respectively. The proportions of construction workers, enterprise workers, and business operators who used condoms every time they had sexual behavior with their spouses/cohabitants in the past year were 4.54%, 11.63%, and 15.60%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). One case of HIV, one case of syphilis, and three cases of HCV antibody were detected. Conclusion The overall awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among the male floating population in Anhui Province is relatively high, but unsafe sex behaviors exist, which may lead to the risk of HIV infection.

BACKGROUND: Correlation between channel and viscera is a core of athemry on acupuncture and meridian, and is also a key entrance for mech anism of acupuncture. This study was designed to discuss theory onacupuncture and meridian through correlation between heart meridian andelectric discharge activities of sympathetic nerve. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at differentsegments of heart meridian on the electric discharge activities of the supe rior sympathetic plexus in rabbits. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Central Laboratory of Channel and Viscera Research, AnhuiCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Central Laboratoryof Channel and Viscera Research, Anhui College of Traditional ChineseMedicine in March 2004. A total of 36 healthy chinchilla rabbits weighing(2.8±0.3) kg were randomly divided into three groups with 12 in eachgroup, including multi-electro-acupuncturing the wrist (Shenmen region), elbow (Shaohai region) or axils (Jiquan region) sections of heart meridian. METHODS: One rabbit of the same sex whose body mass was less than10% was selected from each group. Superior sympathetic plexus was sepa rated under Olympus anatomic microscope (Japan), and multiple double electrodes materialized as stainless steel sil were embedded. Then, afterfixing with special gelatum (USA), thoracic cavity was closed, temperaturein anus was controlled at (39±0.5) ℃, and 50 mL/L glucose was drippedinto vein for 2 hours before acupuncture. The changes of heart rhythm vari ability (HRV) and electric discharge activities of superior sympatheticplexus were recorded and analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HRV, ratio between high frequency(HF) and low frequency (LF) of power spectrum. RESULTS: All rabbits were involved in the final analysis. After elec troacupuncture, the total HRV values and electroactivitic frequencies of thesuperior sympathetic plexus were increased, but LF/HF of power spectrumwas decreased. The decrease at the wrist section was superior to others; theaxils section was inferior to elbow section. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture at different segments of heart meridi an can improve the electric discharge activities of the superior sympatheticplexus and the leaf-cardiac function. Among the three groups, the relation ship of functions was the closest between the wrist stem of heart meridianand left heart.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis animal models induced by papain are commonly used for studying osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the morphology of articular cartilage surface during early osteoarthritis process in rats induced by papain and L-cysteine under scanning electron microscope.
METHODS:The right knees of Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.15 mL mixed solution of 2%papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine in the ratio of 2:1. The left knees were given injections of 0.15 mL 0.9%NaCl, as the control group. Another two rats (four knees) maintained untreated, as the normal control group. Al the rats were observed with scanning electron microscope at 2, 4, 6 weeks after injection, to explore the surface morphology of medial condyle of femur.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The condyles of normal and control groups revealed numerous shal ow pits on the surface of articular cartilage. At 2 weeks after injection, the surfaces of condyles were unsmooth, presenting the shrinkage and distortion. The thinner articular cartilage and local tiny cracks were seen at 4 weeks. The deep and great cracks and cartilage defect were observed on the surface of cartilage at 6 weeks. The time of 4-6 weeks is a reference point for establishing early osteoarthritis model in rats through injections of 2%papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine.

Objective To estimate the application value of a standard operating procedure (SOP) in the detection of syphilitic anticardiolipin reagin. Methods Clinical laboratories from 9 local hospitals in Shanghai participated the program. Quality control samples with unknown target value were qualitatively and quantitatively examined according to the uniform SOP in these laboratories with the same reagent and facility of horizontal reaction. External quality assessment (EQA) was carried out by using seven serum samples with no, or low (1∶ 128 dilution) to high (1∶1 dilution) concentrations of target before and after the implementation of SOP. The test results were statistically analyzed and the reasons for the detecting error were assessed. Results A total of 388 tests were performed in the 9 clinical laboratories. The total accuracy rate was 93.0%, including 40.2% in the detection of samples with 1 ∶ 8 dilution of target, 49.2% in the detection of samples with 1 ∶ 16 dilution of target, and 3.6% in the detection of samples with 1 ∶ 32 dilution of target. No forward bias was observed in these tests. There was a significant difference in the accuracy rate between the two times of EQA before and after the implementation of SOP (x2 = 4.17, P < 0.05). Conclusions The improved standard procedure for nontreponemal antigen test is beneficial to the decrease of testing error, and may provide a basis for the establishment of SOP and implementation of internal quality assessment.

Objective:To explore the application of laparoscopic training in the standardized residency training of pediatric general surgery.Methods:A total of 36 rotating residents who received the standardized residency training in the department of pediatric general surgery of Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected for laparoscopic training. The training content includes the study and training of laparoscopic theory knowledge, laparoscopic surgery video, skills operation of simulated operating system. Assessment was conducted before and after the training, and statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference of scores before and after the training. The self-evaluation of resident's learning efficiency and the satisfaction with teachers were investigated by questionnaires. SPSS 20.0 was used for paired t-test. Results:After receiving the standardized residency training of pediatric general surgery, the theoretical knowledge and cognition of the application on pediatric general laparoscopic surgery were significantly improved among the 36 residents. The time that the skills spent in vitro simulation box during the simulated operation training was significantly reduced after training, with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). According to the questionnaire survey, resident's satisfaction with self-evaluation of learning efficiency was 97.22% (35/36), their satisfaction with teachers was 94.44% (34/36), and their satisfaction with teaching curriculum was 100.00% (36/36). Conclusion:Laparoscopic training can effectively improve the clinical practice ability of pediatric general surgery residents, which is worthy of promotion.

Objective:To explore the ventilation strategy of using pressure controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode combined with personalized positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) during surgery, and its impact on oxygenation function and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.Methods:Sixty patients who underwent elective brain tumor surgery at the Linyi People′s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into PCV-VG ventilation mode group (T group) and volume controlled ventilation (VCV) mode group (C group) using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. One patient was excluded from group T due to changes in the condition, and 29 patients were actually included. Group T adopted PCV-VG ventilation mode and searched for the maximum dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) by titrating PEEP. The PEEP corresponding to the maximum Cdyn value was the optimal PEEP, which was maintained until the end of mechanical ventilation. Group C adopted a ventilation mode of VCV plus 5 cmH 2O fixed value PEEP. All patients underwent arterial blood gas analysis before anesthesia induction (T 1), 15 minutes after setting ventilation mode (T 2), and 15 minutes after extubation (T 3), recording arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2), lactate (Lac), and blood glucose (Glu), and calculating oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2). The levels of white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were recorded before and 72 hours after surgery. The incidence of postoperative PPCs at 72 hours was observed. Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the grouping effect and time effect of PaO 2 and PaCO 2 between group C and group T (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the interaction effect (all P>0.05); The differences in grouping effects, time effects, and interaction effects of PaO 2/FiO 2 between group C and group T were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The average value of the optimized PEEP obtained by T-group titration was 7.48 cmH 2O, corresponding to an average platform pressure (Pplat) of 14.90 cmH 2O, and an average value of 53.37 ml/cmH 2O corresponding to the maximum Cdyn value. Compared with the Pplat and Cdyn corresponding to the fixed value of 5 cmH 2O PEEP in Group C, the Pplat corresponding to the optimized PEEP in Group T was lower than that in Group C ( P<0.05), and the Cdyn was higher than that in group C ( P<0.05). The CRP level and incidence of PPCs in group T after 72 hours of surgery were significantly lower than those in group C (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with VCV, the ventilation mode of PCV-VG combined with personalized PEEP can improve intraoperative lung ventilation and oxygenation function in patients with brain tumors, reduce the occurrence of pulmonary inflammation 72 hours after surgery, and lower the incidence of PPCs.

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bacterial liver abscess in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM), to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Patients with bacterial liver abscesses hospitalized in Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2016 to August 2021 were enrolled, and their clinical data were collected. The patients were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups for comparison according to whether they had comorbid DM. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 131 patients with bacterial liver abscesses were included, including 47 cases in the diabetic group and 84 cases in the non-diabetic group. The percentages of platelet count <100×10 9/L, C-reactive protein>10 mg/L, and total bilirubin>17.5 μmol/L were lower in the diabetic group than that in the non-diabetic group, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=3.90, 6.44 and 5.56, respectively, all P<0.05). The percentage of multiple abscesses in the diabetic group was 10.6%(5/47), which was lower than 29.8%(25/84) in the non-diabetic group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.24, P=0.012). The positive rate of pus culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae was 64.9%(24/37) in the diabetic group, which was higher than 41.5%(27/65) in the non-diabetic group, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.13, P=0.023). The incidences of pleural effusion and abscesses at other sites in the diabetic group were 29.8%(14/47) and 10.6%(5/47), respectively, which were both higher than 14.3%(12/84) and 1.2%(1/84) in the non-diabetic group, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.55, Fisher′s exact test, both P<0.05). The proportion of hospital stays>21 d was 34.0%(16/47) in the diabetic group, which was higher than 16.7%(14/84) in the non-diabetic group, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.15, P=0.023). DM (odds ratio ( OR)=2.654, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.020 to 6.907, P=0.046) and abscess maximum diameter>10 cm ( OR=11.045, 95% CI 4.493 to 27.154, P<0.001) were significant risk factors for hospital stay>21 d. Conclusions:Bacterial liver abscesses combined with DM are more common with single abscess, a higher rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, and more likely to develop pleural effusions and abscesses at other sites. Liver abscesses>10 cm in maximum diameter and comorbid DM would prolong hospital stay.

Objective:To explore whether or not radioactive wastewater leakage or overflow exists in the nuclear medicine decay pool after the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster and to analyze its causes, so as to provide scientific basis for the design, construction and maintenance of the nuclear medicine decay pool and the radiation protection management of nuclear medicine in the future.Methods:Three hospitals A, B and C where 131I therapy are being performed were selected in Zhengzhou city, Henan province. Sampling points were set based on the monitoring result of the environmental radiation level around the nuclear medical decay pool in line with the relevent standard method. Soil samples were collected at different depths. The 131I radioactivity level in the soil was measured using HPGe gamma spectrometer, with the measured result being processed and analyzed. Results:Except for Hospital B where no 131I was detected, different 131I activity concentrations were detected in the soil samples collected around the nuclear medicine decay pool at Hospitals A and C. The 131I activity concentrations ranged from 16.4 to 98 111.8 Bq/kg at Hospital A and from 10.6 to 7 176.6 Bq/kg at Hospital C. After a time period of decay, the repeated detection has shown that the 131I activity concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 17.0 Bq/kg at Hospital A and from 3.9 to 7.1 Bq/kg at Hospital C. The 131I activity concentration in the soil at the depth of 0-5 cm was higher than that at the depth of 5-10 cm soil at the same sampling point. The ratios of activity concentration of 131I between different depths ranged from 1.3 to 13.1, with the median value of 5.9. Conclusions:After the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster, the surrounding environment of nuclear medicine decay pools at a few hospitals was contamminated by 131I to some extent. To prevent the risk of leakage of radioactive wastewater, the safety evaluation and management of radiation protection should be made better with increased awareness during the design, evaluation, construction and use of nuclear medicine decay pools.

Objective:To investigate the genetic subtypes and drug resistance monitoring of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS virus in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023.Methods:An observational design study was used to collect blood samples from patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the AIDS Prevention and Control Department of Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2020 to December 2023.The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified by reverse transcription-nested PCR, and the genetic subtypes were identified by phylogenetic tree analysis using MEGA 7.0 software. The mutation sites of drug resistance were analyzed by the online software tool of Stanford University′s HIV Drug resistance database. The influencing factors of drug resistance before treatment were analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis.Results:A total of 335 plasma samples were collected, and 332 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained successfully. The main gene subtypes were CRF01-AE, accounting for 35.55% (118/332), followed by CRF07-BC, B and B+C types [29.22% (97/332), 11.74% (39/332), 9.93% (33/332)]. The total drug resistance rate before treatment was 30.12%(32/100), and the drug resistance rate of protease inhibitor (PIs) in HIV-1 was 6.33% (21/332). The drug resistance rate of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) before treatment was 6.33% (21/332). The drug resistance rate of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) before treatment was 17.47% (58/332).The comparison of drug resistance rate of different drug types showed statistical significance ( χ2=30.435, P<0.05).Among the 100 cases of drug resistance, the main mutation point of HIV-1 protease inhibitor was Q58E (21.00%), and the main mutation point of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor was M184V/I (6.00%). Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation points mainly K103N (22.00%).There were statistically significant differences in the starting time of antiviral therapy, the number of CD4 +T cells at baseline and the drug resistance rate of gene subtypes (the chi-square values are respectively 24.152, 32.516, 11.652, P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the baseline CD4 +T cell count was <200/μl, subtype B, subtype B+C, CRF01-AE subtype, CRF55-01B subtype and 01-BC subtype was the influential factor of drug resistance before treatment (the chi-square values are respectively 4.577, 8.202, 4.416, 5.206, 7.603 and 4.804, P<0.05). Conclusion:The newly reported HIV/AIDS population in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023 has a variety of viral gene subtypes, and NNRTIs are the main types of drug resistance gene mutations before treatment. Attention should be paid to the number of baseline CD4 +T cells, the duration of antiviral treatment, and the distribution of gene subtypes to reduce the drug resistance of HIV/AIDS patients before treatment.

Objective:To investigate the genetic subtypes and drug resistance monitoring of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS virus in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023.Methods:An observational design study was used to collect blood samples from patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the AIDS Prevention and Control Department of Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2020 to December 2023.The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified by reverse transcription-nested PCR, and the genetic subtypes were identified by phylogenetic tree analysis using MEGA 7.0 software. The mutation sites of drug resistance were analyzed by the online software tool of Stanford University′s HIV Drug resistance database. The influencing factors of drug resistance before treatment were analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis.Results:A total of 335 plasma samples were collected, and 332 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained successfully. The main gene subtypes were CRF01-AE, accounting for 35.55% (118/332), followed by CRF07-BC, B and B+C types [29.22% (97/332), 11.74% (39/332), 9.93% (33/332)]. The total drug resistance rate before treatment was 30.12%(32/100), and the drug resistance rate of protease inhibitor (PIs) in HIV-1 was 6.33% (21/332). The drug resistance rate of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) before treatment was 6.33% (21/332). The drug resistance rate of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) before treatment was 17.47% (58/332).The comparison of drug resistance rate of different drug types showed statistical significance ( χ2=30.435, P<0.05).Among the 100 cases of drug resistance, the main mutation point of HIV-1 protease inhibitor was Q58E (21.00%), and the main mutation point of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor was M184V/I (6.00%). Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation points mainly K103N (22.00%).There were statistically significant differences in the starting time of antiviral therapy, the number of CD4 +T cells at baseline and the drug resistance rate of gene subtypes (the chi-square values are respectively 24.152, 32.516, 11.652, P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the baseline CD4 +T cell count was <200/μl, subtype B, subtype B+C, CRF01-AE subtype, CRF55-01B subtype and 01-BC subtype was the influential factor of drug resistance before treatment (the chi-square values are respectively 4.577, 8.202, 4.416, 5.206, 7.603 and 4.804, P<0.05). Conclusion:The newly reported HIV/AIDS population in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023 has a variety of viral gene subtypes, and NNRTIs are the main types of drug resistance gene mutations before treatment. Attention should be paid to the number of baseline CD4 +T cells, the duration of antiviral treatment, and the distribution of gene subtypes to reduce the drug resistance of HIV/AIDS patients before treatment.