Aim To research the influence of the animals pruritus model by used pruritus medium with histamine,dextran 40 or 4-aminopyridine(4-AP),and to establish a new pruritus model.Methods The orthogonal test was used to array the experiment.In the experiment different pruritus mediums were hypodermically injected for 0.1 ml in the depilated area,the scratching incubation period and scratching number in 30 minutes were counted after the injection.The best pruritus group was screened out by synthesis grading law.The injected skin area in each group was located out to be determined the histamine contents in it.Results The best model group was the combination of histamine and 4-aminopyridine.Compared with the blank group,the scratching number and scratching incubation period of other pruritus model groups in 30 minutes were of significant difference(P

Objective To study the relationship between the number of outpatient complaints and the time or the outpatient amounts.Methods A retrospective analysis of 1289 cases of outpatients' medical complaints with basic records since 2009 in our hospital was carried out.The time regularity of the number of outpatient complaints,or the complaint rate was analyzed.And the correlation between the outpatient amounts and the number of outpatient complaints,or the complaint rate was also analyzed.Results In our hospital,the mean monthly number of outpatient complaints was (23.44±8.41)cases; the mean monthly outpatient account was (246 000±27 417)cases.The differences among monthly outpatient complaints,outpatient accounts and monthly complaints rate among every years were statistically significant.Within one year,the outpatient complaints numbers were lowest in February and January.And the outpatient complaints rate was low in November,January,February and December.There were statistically significant correlation between the monthly outpatient complaints and monthly outpatient accounts,and between the monthly outpatient complaints rate and monthly outpatient accounts.Conclusions There was time regularity in the outpatient complaints rates in one year.And there was certain correlation between the outpatient complaints rate and the outpatients' accounts.

Lumbar degenerative disease is one of the most common diseases in orthopaedic clinics, and the chronic low back pain caused by it seriously affects patients' living quality. Currently, intervertebral fusion and rigid fixation are the main surgical methods for lumbar degenerative disease. Although the intervertebral fusion and rigid fixation can achieve a higher fusion rate, due to the stress concentration of adjacent segments, the adjacent segment degeneration may occur and make the patient's satisfaction rate much lower than the imaging fusion rate. Dynamic fixation is a new fixing concept, which can control the abnormal motion of the spine segment while retaining part of the movement of the fixed segment. Moreover, dynamic fixation is also beneficial to reduce the degeneration of adjacent segments and the incidence of breakage of internal fixation. Nowadays, various lumbar transpedicular dynamic fixation systems have appeared on the market. Most of these transpedicular dynamic fixation systems are derived from the design of pedicle screws and rods used in spinal fusion surgery in the 1980 s and 1990 s. The original intention of their design is to stabilize the abnormal segments and reduce the pressure on degenerated intervertebral discs and facet joints, while maintaining the normal movement of relevant segments. By reviewing the biomechanical research, clinical efficacy, existing problems and advantages and disadvantages of common backward lumbar transpedicular dynamic fixation systems, this article intends to provide new ideas for the improvement of the backward lumbar transpedicular dynamic fixation system design, as well as offering surgical treatment strategies for clinicians.