Purpose　The aim is to study the inhibiting effect s of nineteen amino acids to E.coli,St.aureus and B.Subtilis.Metho ds　The qualitative inhibition of nineteen amino acids on E.coli ,St.aureus and B.Subtilis was determined using filter papers treated by saturated amino acids placed on the bacteria medium dish.The quantitative inhibi ting effects of the amino acids which were proved to have inhibition to these th ree bacteria were determined in the bacteria LB medium with different concentrations of amin o acids.Results　It was indicated that cysteine was used to in hibit St.aureus.The best inhibiting time was 6 hours,and the optimum of concentrat ion was 0.625% in which the inhibiting rate was 92.62%.Conclusion　 Cysteine could inhibit St. aureus.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.Methods Clinical features and outcomes of 46 proven cases of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis admitted in Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Of the 46 patients enrolled,left sphenoid sinus,ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus were affected in 24,23 and 20 cases,respectively,while right maxillary sinus,ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus were affected in 18,16 and 15 eases,respectively.Left and right frontal sinus were affected in 9 and 6 cases,respectively.The central nervous system and orbit were the most commonly affected sites in external nasal involvements,noted in 22 cases respectively.Left sphenoid (17 cases) and ethmoid sinus (15 cases) involvements were most common in central nervous system affected patients.Left sphenoid (14 cases) and ethmoid sinus (13 cases) involvements were most common in orbit affected patients.Aspergillus species were the primary pathogens observed in 42 eases.Zygomycete,candida and dark filamentous fungus were observed in two,one and one case,respectively.Pathologically,37 of the cases were chronic nongranulomatous type and the left 9 were chronic granulomatous type who were all immunocompetent hosts.The initial symptoms usually included headache,dizziness and nasal discomforts including nasal obstruction and purulent secretion.The chief complaints usually included headache,dizziness,and visual disturbances including blurred vision,vision loss or even blindness.Antifungal treatment combined with surgical interventions for removal or drainage focus lesions achieved significant effect,and 42 patients were cured.Conclusions Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis should be taken into consideration in the presence of nasal discomforts or nonspecific symptoms such as headache and dizziness.The possibility of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis should be cautious after the emergence of vision abnormalities.