Objective To explore the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and on the cognition function of vascular dementia (VD) rats. MethodsTotally 45 Sprague-Dawlev (SD) rats were randomly and equally divided into the sham control group, the VD group, and the treatment group. The VD rat model was established by performing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion repeatedly and given an intraperitoneal injection sodium nitroprusside. The rats from the treatment group received an introperitoneal injection of EPO after the establish of VD model, and the animals from the others were treated with normal saline. The learning-memory abilities were measured by using computerized shuttle-training case and the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining. ResultsThe active avoidance reaction (AAR) ratio in the VD group was significantly decreased compared with the sham control group (P

Objective To investigate the effects of distractions on number processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). Methods ERPs were recorded in fourteen undergraduate students while they were asked to compare a heard number with the number "5" and judge whether its numerical value was larger or smaller than five. This task was carried out under a distracted attention (DA) condition and a focused attention (FA) condition. The reaction time and EEG signals were recorded during the experiment. Results There were significant differences between the reaction times in the different conditions (t26 = 3. 70,P

Objective: To investigate protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on ethanol-induced DNA damage in L02 cells, so as to provide the evidence for adjuvant therapy of NMN on alcoholic liver diseases. Methods: L02 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of NMN (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L) for 6 h, and then were exposed to 0.4% ethanol for 12 h. The treated cells were divided into the control group, 0.4% ethanol group and different concentrations of NMN groups. Cell viability was analyzed using trypan blue staining for determining the concentration of NMN as a protective agent. The effects of NMN on ethanol-induced DNA damage in L02 cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence detection and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. L02 cells were exposed to 0.4% ethanol for 12 h, cultured in a medium containing a protective concentration of NMN, and divided into PBS group and NMN group. Cell viability was detected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 h, and the effects of NMN on repairing ethanol-induced DNA damage were evaluated by alkaline comet assay. Results: The cell viability was lower in 0.4% ethanol group than than in the control group, and was higher in different concentrations of NMN groups than in 0.4% ethanol group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference in the cells viability between 4 mmol/L and higher concentrations of NMN groups and the control group (all P>0.05). Therefore, 4 mmol/L NMN was selected as a protective agent. The cell tail moments, relative immunofluorescence intensities of γH2AX and relative levels of ROS were higher in 0.4% ethanol group than in the control group, and lower in 4 mmol/L and higher concentrations of NMN groups than in 0.4% ethanol group (all P<0.05). The cell viability was increased and the cell tail moment was shortened with the increase of 4 mmol/L NMN intervention time; and the cell viability in 4 h and more of NMN groups were higher, and the cell tail moment were lower than that in PBS group (all P<0.05). Conclusions NMN attenuates DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner and promotes the repair of DNA damage in a time-dependent manner. NMN has a protective effect on ethanol-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes.

Objective To discuss clinical application,value and effect of tracheal stent in surgical operation for tracheostenosis caused by thyroid tumor.Methods Clinical data of 6 patients with tracheal stenosis and dyspnea caused by thyroid tumor invasiveness or tracheal compression from Oct.2015 to Sep.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 6 patients,1 case had nodular goiter and 5 cases had differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).Results All patients had dyspnea caused by thyroid tumor invasiveness or tracheal compression.Dyspnea relieved dramatically after tracheal stent was implantated under local anesthesia.Thyroidectomy was given later,with intraoperative tracheal intubation as well as anesthesia,and the surgery finally succeeded.One case with benign multinodular goiter received complete resection and 5 cases with DTC invading the trachea received complete resection of thyroid and neck lymph node dissection,followed by end-to-end anastomosis of invaded trachea sleeve resection.All patients got stage Ⅰ healing in surgical wound.Five cases received radioactive 131I treatment as well as TSH suppression therapy after DTC surgery.All patients were alive and disease-free after a follow-up of 4 to 15 months.Conclusions For patients with tracheostenosis caused by thyroid tumor invasiveness or tracheal compression,operation under cardiopulmonary bypass is necessary if tracheal intubation is difficult.For hospitals without cardiopulmonary bypass,tracheal stent implantation can effectively relieve dyspnea symptom and reduce risk of tracheal intubation under anesthesia,which provides possibility for surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the difference in the microstructure of gray matter nucleus in different movement subtypes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by diffusion kurtosis imaging ( DKI) technique, and to analyze the correlation with clinical manifestations. Methods Ninety-seven patients with PD and 83 healthy controls performed conventional MRI sequence and DKI sequence scan. The PD patients were classi-fied into gait disorder subtype (PIGD,n=57) and tremor dominant subtype (TD,n=40)subtypes according to motor symptoms. Fractional anisotropy (FA),mean diffusivity (MD),axial diffusivity (Da),radial diffu-sivity(Dr),mean kurtosis (MK),axial kurtosis (Ka) and radial kurtosis (Dr) maps and data were genera-ted by software after processing. DKI was performed for all subjects and data was collected from different brain regions in both hemispheres,including red nucleus(RN),substantia nigra pars reticulate( SNr),sub-stantia nigra pars compacta(SNc),putamen(PUT),globus pallidus(GP),head of caudate nucleus (CN)and thalamus(THA). Results TD showed a higher MMSE score(P=0. 019),but lower modified Hoehn-Yahr score than that in PIGD (P<0. 001),there was no significant difference of age of onset,sex,limbs of onset or disease duration between two PD subgroups. Compared with healthy controls, both TD and PIGD showed down-regulated MD,Da and Dr and up-regulated Ka values(P<0. 001); MK(0. 83±0. 26,0. 80±0. 18) was increased in SNr both in TD and PIGD,while SNc,PUT and GP (0. 84± 0. 20,0. 75± 0. 07,0. 81± 0. 14) were decreased only in TD (P=0. 017,P=0. 010,P=0. 020,P<0. 001,P=0. 002). The Kr values of PUT and CN(0. 71±0. 17,0. 72±0. 14) were reduced in PIGD,while CN(0. 70±0. 14) were reduced in TD re-spectively (P=0. 002,P=0. 031,P=0. 007). The MK was lower in TD than that in PIGD (t=-2. 214,P=0. 029),and no significant difference was found in other grey matter nuclei between TD and PIGD ( P>0. 05). Moreover,there was no significant correlation between DKI value and disease duration,MMSE score or Hoehn-Yahr scale (P>0. 05) in TD and PIGD. Conclusion There is heterogeneity of clinical symptoms between these two subgroups of PD. DKI can quantify the microstructural changes of grey matter nucleus in different type PD patient.

Objective: To investigate adolescent haze weather health protection behavior, and to provide scientific basis for behavioral intervention and health guidance for adolescents in haze weather. Methods: From June 2015 to April 2016, 1 025 adolescents were selected from 22 classes in two middle schools of Baoding City, Hebei Province, by stratified cluster sampling method. General information questionnaire and the Brief Haze Weather Health Protection Behavior Assessment Scale Adolescent Version (BHWHPBAS AV) were used. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore factors affecting adolescent haze weather health protection behavior. Different models were used to confirm associations between influencing factors and BHWHPBAS AV scores. Results: Adolescents had a low overall score of BHWHPBASAV (45.81±13.16). The score rate of self adjustment after haze weather was the highest (64.54%). The score rate of obtaining relevant knowledge before haze weather was the lowest (50.28%). Compared with adolescents in urban area, rural adolescents had a lower BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=-3.20, P <0.01). Compared with students (living with parents), those living without parents had a lower BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=-4.16, P =0.01). Compared with students never receive physical examination,those had received physical examination during the past years had a higher BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=4.44，5.66，9.04, P <0.01). Compared with students with no knowledge of respiratory system diseases, those with moderate to sufficient knowledge had a higher BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=9.34，12.19，P <0.01). These associations were stable and consistent.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that residence, residence with parents, physical examination and knowledge of respiratory diseases were the relevant factors of BHWHPBAS AV score ( P <0.05). Conclusion Adolescent haze weather health protection behavior level is low and is affected by many factors. Cooperation should be strengthened to conduct behavioral interventions and health guidance on haze health protection for adolescents, so as to promote healthy growth of adolescents.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients complicated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma (PTMC) and risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) by analyzing the clinical data.Methods:Clinical data of 770 patients with PTMC admitted to Head and Neck Surgery Center of Sichuan Cancer Hospital from May. 2015 to Nov. 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including 250 HT-PTMC patients (observation group) and 520 non-HT-PTMC patients (control group) . There were 197 males and 573 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.00:2.91. Into observation indexes included patient’s age, gender, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) , thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) , number of foci, diameter of foci, calcification of foci, location of foci (with or without extra-glandular invasion) , number of nodules (no matter benign or malignant) , and lymph node metastasis in central and lateral cervical regions. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Normally distributed data were expressed ± s. The difference between observation group and control group was compared by chi-square test of single factor analysis. The risk factors of CLNM of the observation group were analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression, the difference was statistically significant if P<0.05. Results:There were statistically significant differences between the observation group and the control group in age ( P=0.006) , gender ( P<0.001) , TSH ( P<0.001) , TG-Ab ( P<0.001) , TPO-Ab ( P<0.001) , number of nodules ( P=0.016) , and central lymph node ( P<0.001) . Compared with non-HT-PTMC group, HT-PTMC group had a higher proportion of women under 55 years old, and both TG-Ab and TPO-Ab had higher positive rates. Patients with HT-PTMC were more likely to show polynodule changes, but their central lymph node metastasis rate was lower than that of the non-HT-PTMC group. Single-factor analysis showed that the number of cancer foci, calcification of cancer foci, and location of cancer foci were significantly correlated with the CLNM of HT-PTMC patients (all P<0.001) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that multiple cancer foci ( P<0.001) , invasion and capsule ( P<0.001) , and cancer foci with calcification ( P=0.005) were independent risk factors for CLNM. Conclusions:HT-PTMC is more common in women under 55 years of age, and most of them show multiple nodules in bilateral glandular lobes, often accompanied by elevated serum TSH, TG-Ab and TPO-Ab levels. Meanwhile, the lymph node metastasis rate of HT-PTMC is relatively low, and the prognosis may be relatively good. In HT-PTMC, the risk of multiple carcinoma foci, cancer foci with calcification, cancer foci invasion and the occurrence of CLNM is higher. Preventive central lymph node dissection helps to reduce the occurrence of postoperative cervical lymph node recurrence.

Compared with age-matched controls,mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD).There is no consensus that any pharmacological treatment can improve MCI,thus it is plausible to turn attention to cognitive interventions.This paper reviewed the prior researches on cognitive stimulation,cognitive training,and cognitive rehabilitation for MCI based on the categories defined by Clare and Woods in order to clarify the effect of these interventions on improving cognitive function in MCI individuals.The results indicate that cognitive interventions may improve multiple cognitive domains including memory performance,executive functions,processing speed,attention,and social functions in adults with MCI,while the mechanism remains unclear.It suggested that further studies should examine the mechanism of cognitive intervention by applying neuroscience technology and strengthening the control of heterogeneity of the etiologies and symptoms of MCI,and improve the clinical effect by combining cognitive stimulation,cognitive training,and cognitive rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tip-flexible ureterorenoscope (tf-URS) with holmium laser for one-stage management of parapelvic cyst.Methods The clinical data of 26 patients treated with tf-URS incision and drainage using holmium laser from February 2016 to August 2018 were reviewed.The study were including 15 male and 11 female patients,ranging from 32 to 68 years old,with an average of 53.5 years old.There were 24 cases of unilateral single renal parapelvic cyst and 2 cases of bilateral single renal parapelvic cyst.There were 4 cases in 26 cases with unilateral single renal parapelvic cyst and contralateral single renal cyst,2 cases with unilateral single renal parapelvic cyst and ipsilateral kidney of stones.The diameter of parapelvic cyst was 3.4-5.6 cm,average 4.8 cm.All patients had undergone holmium laser endo-decortication of parapelvic cyst by tf-URS.With general anesthesia,tf-URS accessed pelvis retrogradely and decorticated parapelvic cyst with 200 μm Holium laser to drainage the cyst to pelvis.If the tf-URS was not placed successfully for the first time,Double-J tubes were retained for 1-2 weeks before treatment.The operative time,hospitalization time,blood loss,postoperative complications and clinical symptoms were collected and analyzed.Results The one-time access success rate of insertion of ff-URS was 88.5％ (23/26).All operations were successful without severe complications.The average time of operation was 17.2 min,ranging from 11 to 25 min.In 3-30 months follow-up,the cysts disappeared in 22 patients and reduced by more than one half in 1 patients.Flank pain relieved in 19 patients.Conclusions Holmium laser endo-decortication of parapelvic cyst by tf-URS could be a simple,minimally invasive,safe and effective method for parapelvic cyst,which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the application and operation skills in vein anastomosis by microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) in reconstruction of defects after head and neck cancer resection. Methods: From August 2015 to July 2016, in Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hosipital, 17 cases underwent the reconstruction of defects after head and neck cancer resection with free tissue flaps, including forearm flaps in 11 casess, anterolateral flaps in 4 casess and fibula flaps in 2 casess. Totally 17 MAC were used, including 14 MAC for end-to-end anastomosis and 3 MAC for end-to-side anastomosis. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Venous anastomoses in 17 free tissue flaps were successfully completed, with no anastomotic errhysis. All flaps survived well. The time required for vascular anastomoses with MAC varied 2-9 min, with average time of (4.2±2.3) min, which was significantly shorter than that with manually anastomosis (17.4 ± 2.7) min (t=15.1, P<0.01). The followed-up time ranged from 6 to 18 months. The flaps in recipient area healed well. The shape and function of recipient area were satisfying. Conclusions Microvascular anastomotic coupler can be used for vessel anastomosis in free tissue flap for reconstruction of defect after head and neck cancer resection, which requires for less operation time and shows good results.