AIM: To apply high throughput screening methods to research Xiaoxuming Decoction's effective components combination and its action mechanism. METHODS: We studied the effects of 240 sequential components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (L1-L120,A1-A120) on anti-A? neurotoxicity、anti-H_2O_2 damage、anti-glutamic acid damage and ?-secretase activity. RESULTS: We evaluated these results of screening comprehensively,and found several components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (L1-L40,A30-A60,A100-A120) had the potential effects of listed before.So the combination of these components was regarded as the effective components combination of Xiaoxuming Decoction for anti-Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION: Xiaoxuming Decoction had effective protection against Alzheimer's disease through multi-component and multi-target.High throughput screening methods will push the development of Chinese traditional compound prescription greatly.

AIM: To establish the model of aging rats and observe the effect of the group of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction(XXM)on aging rats. METHODS: D-galactose and rotenone were used to establish aging animal model.The ability of learning and memory were measured by using Morris water maze test.Then, the content of GSH and MDA,the activity of SOD,the activity of AchE and ChAT in rats'brain were measured. (RESULTS): D-galactose could induce aging like indicators in rats:decrease the content of GSH and the activity of SOD,and increase the content of MDA,but have no effect on AchE and ChAT.It showed that GEC could improve the ability of learning and memory and ameliorate biochemistry function in rats with aging induced by D-galactose. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GEC of XXM could improve the responses of aging rats and these effects may be related to its ability of antioxidation.

ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that the ?-amyloid peptide (A?) is central to the pathophysi-ology of Alzheimers disease (AD). Amyloid plaques, primarily composed of A?, have significant neurotoxic effects. So it is therapeutic strategies for AD to lower the production of A? in the brain. A? is a product of catabolism of amyloid precursor protein ( APP) by ?-secretase and y- secretase. BACE ( ?-secretase) exhibits all the properties of the ?-secretase, and as the key rate-limiting enzyme that initiates the formation of A?, BACE is an attractive drug target for AD. The recent research of ?-secretase is reviewed in this paper.

Objective To clone human survivin gene and express survivin-an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in Pichia pastoris eukaryotic expression system. Methods Full length survivin gene was amplified by PCR using survivin specific primers. The verified survivin gene by sequencing was subcloned into pPic9k. The recombinant plasmid was linearized by restriction enzyme cutting. The linear survivin gene was introduced into GS115/ His-cells by electroporation. The transformants were transferred onto YPD plates that contained different concentrations of G418 for screening the positive clones. The integrated survivin gene in positive clones was confirmed by PCR. Selected transformants were cultured in BMMY medium with 1 % methanol for inducing the expression of survivin protein. The expressed survivin protein was analyzed by ELISA. Results The cloned human survivin sequence was the same as that in the GeneBank. The recombinant pPic9k-survivin was constructed in Picha pastoris eukaryotic expression vector. After the linear digestion, the recombinant vector was introduced into GS115/ His-cells, the 6 positive clones against G418(4 mg/mL) were obtained and confirmed by PCR; the highest survivin protein was expressed when expressed for two days in 1 % methanol BMMY medium. Conclusions Improved survivin protein yield may be reached by modifying the experimental conditions. This will help to further study the biological functions of survivin and its roles in tumor developments.

Objective To quantify iron deposition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD),amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and normal old people using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).Methods Sixty participants (22 aMCI,20 AD,18 normal con-trols)underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences and SWI using axial/oblique coronal sequences.Phase images were used to calculate bilateral iron deposition in 1 8 regions of interest (ROI)of every participant.The radian angle values were cal-culated and compared between the three groups.Results The radian angle value difference was significant between the aMCI and control groups in the left (L)-hippocampus,L-head of the caudate nucleus,R/L-lenticular nucleus ROIs.The radian angle value difference was significant between the AD and aMCI groups in the R/L-cerebellar hemisphere,R/L-hippocampus,R-red nucleus, R/L-thalamus and splenium of corpus callosum ROIs.Pearson correlation coefficients of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE)scores and many ROIs were significant.Conclusion Iron depositions in the hippocampus,head of the caudate nucleus,len-ticular nucleus and thalamus are significantly different between individuals with aMCI,AD and controls.Using SWI to quantify the iron deposition is a useful tool in detecting aMCI and AD.

Although digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms, its clinical use is somewhat limited by its invasiveness, high medical cost and potential risk of nephrotoxicity. For the past three decades, the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques have been developed rapidly. As a non-invasive technique with high resolution ability, MRA can replace DSA for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms in most clinical situations. The time-of-flight MRA (TOF-MRA) carries a diagnostic sensitivity of up to 98.2%-98.7%for tiny intracranial aneurysms (<5 mm), while the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of contrast enhanced MRA (CE- MRA) for intracranial aneurysms are as high as 95% - 100% and 73% - 100% respectively. The diagnostic specificity of phase-contrast MRA (PC-MRA) for intracranial aneurysms (> 5 mm) reaches as high as 100%. All the above mentioned MRA techniques can clearly display the intracranial aneurysms although their imaging characteristics and clinical applications are different from each other. This paper aims to make a brief review concerning the principles, clinical applications and recent progress of some MRA techniques.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between maternal antepartum fever and early-onset neonatal bacterial sepsis.Methods A retrospective multi-centred clinical study of 404 neonates including 103 new borns with maternal antepartum fever and 311 neonates without was conducted.Results The frequency of early-onset neonatal bacterial sepsis was significantly higher in neonate with maternal antepartum fever than those without(4.9% vs 0.3%,P=0.001).Both maternal antepartum temperature ≥39℃ and maternal postpartum fever lasting several days was higher suggested the possibility of neonatal sepsis.Conclusions The neonates born with high risk factor of early-onset neonate bacterial sepsis require comprehensive lab evaluation including blood culture and uterine culture,clinical observation and aggressive treatment to decrease the mortality.

0.05). The optimal advancement of CAMRS had a great variance from 33% to 100% of the maximum tolerable protraction among those patients. The titration-oriented oral appliance showed significantly better efficacy than the experience-oriented oral appliance (P

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cytochrome c (CytC) expression and neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rots.Methods A total of 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups:sham operation group,saline control group,and atorvastatin group (n =36 each group).All the groups were redivided into 6 h,12 h,day 1,3,5 and 7 time points (n =6 at each time point).An intracerebral hemorrhage model was induced by using a modified two-step injection method.After modeling,atorvastatin was used for gavages (20 rng/kg,once a day) in the atorvastatin group.The saline control group was given the same volume of saline.Behavior evaluation was used for neurological score.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis in perihematoma tissue.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the CytC expression in perihematoma tissue.Results Behavior evaluation showed that the neurological scores decreased gradually with the passage of time in the atorvastatin group and the saline control group.There were no significant differences at 6 h,12 h,day 1 and day 3,but the neurological scores in the atorvastatin group were significantly lower than those in thc saline control group at day 5 (0.50 ± 0.55 vs.1.50 ± 0.55; t =3.162,P =0.010) and day 7 (1.00 ±0.63; t =2.712,P =0.022).TUNEL staining showed that the numbers of apoptotic cells increased first and then decreased in the saline control group and the atorvastatin group.They reached the peak at 1 hour after modeling.There were significant differences in the number of apoptotic cells in each group in perihematoma tissue at the same time point (all P =0.000),and the significance in the saline control group was more than that in the sham operation group and the atorvastatin group (all P ＜0.05),but at day 7,there was no significant difference in the number of apoptotic cells between the atorvastatin group and the sham operation group (12.69 ± 3.35 vs.9.33 ± 2.07; P =0.148).Immunohistochemical method showed that the numbers of CytC positive cells increased first and then decreased in the saline control group and the atorvastatin group,reached the peak at 12 h after modeling in te saline control group (68.19 ± 11.93) and at 1 d in the atorvastatin group (35.64 ± 9.12).There were significant differences in the numbers of CytC positive cells in perihematoma tissue at the same time point in each group (P =0.000).The numbers of CytC positive cells in the saline control group was significantly more than that in the sham operation group and the atorvastatin group (all P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the numbers of CytC positive cells between the atorvastatin statin group and the sham group at day 7 (16.08 ± 3.80 vs.13.67 ± 2.94; P =0.349).Conelusions Atorvastatin may inhibit the release of CytC of nerve cells in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage,and thus reduce CytC-mediated apoptosis and neurological deficit after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To evaluate the anatomical basis and techniques in laparoscopic liver resections. Methods Entered the study there were 16 patients with both their lesions located at liver margin, or the surface of the right liver, or left liver and their liver functions classified as Child B or above, including 8 cases of primary liver cancer, 3 cases of liver hemangioma, 1 case of cholangiocarcinama, 1 case of hepatic adenoma, 1 case of focal nodular hyperplasia, 1 case of liver abscess and 1 case of infected liver cyst. The procedures were performed, via 4～6 epigastric ports, by using electriccautery, ultracision or endo-cutter for transecting liver and by titanic clip or medical albumin glue for dealing with the cut surface. Results Laparoscopic liver resection was completed under pneumoperitoneum in 16 cases (18 lesions), including 8 cases of local liver resection and 8 cases of anatomical left liver resection. The operation time was (206?75) min and the blood loss was (354?282) ml. An intraoperative blood transfusion of 800 ml was required in 2 cases because of a blood loss of 1000 ml. The abdominal drains were left for (2～4) days and no bile leakage, bleeding or other complications happened. The postoperative hospital stay was (5.8?1.6) days. Conclusions Proper dealing with hepatic portal vessels is the key to the laparoscopic liver resection. In order to effectively control the bleeding during the partial hepatectomy or left hemihepatectomy, it is crucial to fully dissect the sub-grade hepatic portal vessels.