Objective: To investigate the cephalometric parameters related with anterior overbite. Methods: 144 patients with malocclusion in permanent dentition (74 skeletal Class I and 70 skeletal Class II) were recruited into the study. Cephalometric analysis was performed from pre-orthodontic lateral headfilm in natural head position. Both linear correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were respectively performed in the two groups. Results: In the stepwise regression equation of Class I group, the larger the overjet, posterior facial height and upper incisor height, or the smaller the lower facial height and lower molar height, the deeper the anterior overbite was. In the 70 Class II, the larger the overjet, interincisal angle and inclination of lower incisors, or the smaller the mandibular angle and upper molar height, the deeper the anterior overbite was. The equations could explain 75.8% and 62.3% overbite variations, respectively. Of all the parameters, overjet took the most important part in maintaining a normal and stable anterior overbite. Conclusion: Those cephalometric parameters correlated with anterior overbite can be both dental and skeletal. They may compensate each other to maintain stable anterior overbite. Of them, anterior overjet may be the main factor.

Objective ISSR Identification of genetic diversity in Aconitum carmichaeli by ISSR marker technique. Methods Genetic diversity between Jiangyou Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and nine wild A. carmichaeli populations was determined by ISSR technique. Results Eight primers were selected to produce highly reproducible ISSR bands. Among 98 amplified bands, 68 showed polymorphism, the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) reached to 69.39%. Observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei′s gene diversity index (H), and Shannon information index (I) were 1.693 9, 1.371 5, 0.230 8, and 0.353 0, respectively. A DNA profile was discovered with a single primer, ISSR 855, in which each of ten tested populations had its unique patterns and was distinguished from each other. Conclusion ISSR Method is suitable for DNA fingerprinting, identification , and genetic diversity analysis of A. carmichaeli.

Objective To investigate whether the extact of ginko biloba (EGb761) can protect the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) after acute high intraocular pressure induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The negative control group, positive control group, treatment group were given normal saline 5 mL/kg, 1% erigeron breviscapus (vant) hand-mazz (EBHM) 5 mL/kg, 1% EGb761 5 mL/kg, respectively 2 hour after injury and every day after operation. Retinal ganglion cells were retrograde labeled by injection of 3% fluorogold (FG) into both side of superior colliculus 5 days before the death of the rats. Results The average survival rate of retinal ganglion cells were 61.46%, 72.73% and 76.20% in negative control group, positive control group and treatment group respectively. Conclusion EGb761 has neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells in acute high intraocular pressure induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To discuss the influence of personalized comprehensive nursing intervention on complications after coronary stent implantation in patients with acute cardiac infarction,and provide an effective and feasible method for prevention and reduction of these complications.Methods 118 patients with acute cardiac infarction after coronary stent implantation were divided into the intervention group (51 cases)and the control group (67 cases),the puncture site complications,CRP level were compared,and the mastering of health knowledge were compared between two groups through questionnaires and telephone return visit as well.Results The incidence rate of puncture site complications in the intervention group was lower than that of the control group.Significant differences were seen in reasonable diet,medicine knowledge,emotional adjustment and preventive measures between two groups.CRP levels were compared between two groups and the result showed no statistical difference.Conclusions Through strengthening the personalized comprehensive nursing intervention,nurses can significantly reduce the rate of complications after coronary stent implantation and facilitate the recovery of patients.

Objective To investigate the short- and mid-term outcomes of after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) in patients with severe elevation of preoperative serum creatinine levels (SEPSC). Methods The perioperative data of SEPSC patients undergoing OPCABG were investigated based on the perioperative CABG database from Feb. 2012 to Jul. 2016. The patients were also followed up for the perioperative complication, short and medium-term survival were estimated. Results The mean age of the patients was 65.4(45-85) years. The in-hospital mortality was 4.4% and the CRRT rate was 19.6%(9 case). Survival analyses revealed a survival ratio of 100% at one year, 97.6% at two years. Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to show that 13(28.3%) patients had malnutrition. Conclusions SEPSC patients can be candidates for OPCABG procedure. The mortality in hospital and 2-year survival rate of SEPSC patients after OPCABG procedure are both considered within an acceptable range. OPCABG may be performed in these patients with a satisfactory survival rate with the development of surgical instruments and medical treatment.

Objective To analyze risk factors of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients with severe serum creatinine levels elevation undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods The perioperative data of 45 patients with severe elevation of preoperative serum creatinine levels undergoing OPCABG were investigated based on the perioperative CABG database from Feb, 2012 to Jul, 2016.The postoperative treatment rates of CRRT were recorded and the risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regressions.Results There were 9 patients (20%) who suffered from CRRT after OPCABG in all 45 recruitment patients.Compared with non-CRRT patients, there were higher levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before surgery, a lower volume of urine during surgery, a higher level of serum creatinine at postoperative 12 hour and 24 hour, longer ICU staying time and higher in-hospital mortality after surgery in patients with CRRT (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative level of serum creatinine (OR=1.05, 95% CI 1.05-1.10, P=0.046) was the independent risk factor of postoperative CRRT in patients with severe serum creatinine levels elevation undergoing OPCABG.At the value of postoperative 12 hour serum creatinine up to 166 μmol/L, the incidence of postoperative CRRT in patients increased 5% by postoperative 12 hour serum creatinine increasing 1 μmol/L(OR=1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.013).However at the value of postoperative 12 hour serum creatinine above 350 μmol/L, ceiling effect was apparent.Conclusion This study shows that 20% patients with preoperative severe serum creatinine level elevation are suffered from CRRT after OPCABG procedure and preoperative level of serum creatinine is predominant factor of postoperative CRRT.

Objective To summarize the experience of surgical management of postoperative intrahepatic duct stones and strictures with choledochoscope.Methods The clinical data of 1241 patients with intrahepatic duct stones and strictures who were admitted to the Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2000 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into postoperative choledochoscopy group (652 patients were treated by choledochoscope through T-tube fistula) and conservative treatment group (589 patients were treated by cholangic and antibiotic drugs) according to treatment plan.The clinical data including stricture alleviation,incidence of complications and treatment efficacies of the 2 groups were compared using the chi-square test.Results In the postoperative choledochoscopy group,the intrahepatic duct stones of 630 patients were completely removed,with the removal rate of 96.63％ (630/652),which was significandy higher than 76.23％ (449/589) of the conservative treatment group (x2=113.407,P ＜ 0.05).A total of 1237 intrahepatic duct strictures were detected in the postoperative choledochoscopy group,including 698 cases of membranous stricture (the length of strictured bile duct ＜ 2 mm),529 cases of spool-shaped stricture (2 mm ≤ the length of strictured bile duct ≤5 mm),8 cases of long tube-shaped stricture (the length of strictured bile duct ＞ 5 mm),2 cases of crackshaped stricture.The alleviation rate of the stricture was 99.35％ (1229/1237).The conditions of 6 cases of long tube-shaped stricture and 2 cases of crack-shaped stricture were not alleviated.There were 986 cases of intrahepatic duct strictures in the conservative treatment group,and the stricture alleviation rate was 80.43％ (793/986).There was a significant difference in the stricture alleviation rate between the 2 groups (x2=238.994,P ＜ 0.05).Nine patients in the postoperative choledochoscopy group had severe complications.Five patients had intrahepatic duct hemorrhage with a volume of blood loss more than 1500 ml,and they were treated by balloon dilatation hemostasis.One patient with repeated intrahepatic duct bleeding received hepatectomy.Two patients with severe intrahepatic cholangitis received choledochoscopy.Two patients had incomplete formation of sinus and they received implantation of biliary stents under duodenoscope.Conclusion Standard surgical management with choledochoscope can effectively alleviate postoperative intrahepatic duct stones and strictures.

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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the preventive effect of Guizhi decoction on myocardial injury after chemical sympathectomy induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).METHODS:Wistar rats (n=54) were randomly divided in-to 6 groups.Methycobal and Guizhi decoction ( with different proportions between Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix paeoniae Alba at 2∶1, 1∶2 or 1∶1) were pre-administered to the rats.Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the cardiac sympathetic nerve distribution.The contents of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetylaminotransferase (ChAT) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the left ventricle were measured by ELISA.The serum levels of myocardial en-zymes and morphology of myocardial tissues were also observed.RESULTS:6-OHDA successfully induced cardiac sympa-thetic denervation as the contents of TH and GAP-43 in the left ventricle declined significantly.Compared with model group, the content of TH was elevated in both methycobal group and Guizhi decoction groups, while the content of GAP-43 was elevated only in Guizhi decoction groups.The serum levels of myocardial enzymes and the histopathological changes of the cardiac tissues were deteriorated after injection of 6-OHDA, indicating that the myocardial injury was established. Methycobal and Guizhi decoction normalized the abnormal change.Guizhi decoctions at 2∶1 and 1∶1 showed the best effi-cacy.CONCLUSION:6-OHDA-induced sympathetic denervation causes myocardial injury.Guizhi decoction with the proportions between Ranulus Cinnamomi and Radix paeoniae Alba at 2∶1 and 1∶1 effectively alleviate the myocardial injury after cardiac sympathetic denervation induced by 6-OHDA.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between galectin-3 (Gal-3) and myocardial fibrosis, and to clarify the role of Gal-3 in ventricular remodeling in rabbits with ischemic cardiac insufficiency.METHODS: A rabbit model of ischemic cardiac insufficiency was established by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the coronary artery.The 20 rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation group and cardiac insufficiency group by random number table method.After 4 weeks of coronary artery ligation, the cardiac function was measured by cardiac echocardiogram.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Gal-3, type I collagen and type III collagen at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium.The serum Gal-3 contents were measured by ELISA.HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the degree of fibrosis development in myocardial tissues after infarction.RESULTS: Compared with sham operation group, the mRNA expression of Gal-3 in cardiac insufficiency group was significantly increased.At the same time, type I collagen, type III collagen and collagen type I/III ratio were also increased significantly.The protein contents of Gal-3, type I collagen and type III collagen were increased significantly.The serum Gal-3 levels were significantly increased.The pathological changes were observed in cardiac insufficiency group as the myocardial cell morphological disorder and marked hyperplasia of fibrous tissue were seen.CONCLUSION: Gal-3 aggravates myocardial fibrosis in rabbits with ischemic cardiac insufficiency, and promotes the ventricular remodeling and the occurrence of heart failure.