The basic information,including the number of applications,dosage forms,indications,structure types,purification processes,medicinal materials,period of clinical trials,and dealing conclusions for registration of active fractions in Chinese materia medica(CMM) during 2004-2007,was analyzed.The numbers of registration for clinical trials and applications for production during 2004-2007 were 202 and 23,respectively.It could be found that the numbers of registrations of active fractions in CMM declined obviously since 2005 and the dosage form,indication,and purification process of those applications showed a trend of the relative concentration.From aspect of the stage conclusions,the rate of "not to approve" of applications for clinical trials and production were 48.0% and 8.7%,respectively.So,it could be concluded that the studies on the selection of dosage form,indication,and purification process of active fractions in CMM should be further strengthened.

Safety,efficacy and predictability of corneal refractive surgery have greatly improved as the advancement of the operating technology and equipment.Laser corneal refractive surgeries include excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK),laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK),laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).No matter what kind of operation method,its ultimate goal is to increase the comfort level and improve visual quality.With the surgery skills improving,retinal drug use is a primary factor affecting the safety of laser corneal refractive surgery.Ophthalmologists should strictly master indications and administration of commonly used drugs in postoperative eyes to prevent drug-related eye diseases.In addition,eye doctors also should understand the postoperative complications and topical administration of eye drops.It is important to pay attention to the standard surgical operation and rational drug use after corneal refractive surgery,which can enhance the visual quality and comfort and reduce the complication.

The all-in-one femtosecond laser corneal refractive surgery,especially small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE),has gained more and more attention in clinic,because of its small incision,“no flap” and corneal biomechanical stability advantages.However,like any other kind of corneal refractive surgery,the all-in-one femtosecond laser refractive surgery not only exists its clinical advantages,but also has its limitations.It is very important to put into perspective clinical advantages and limitations of all-in-one femtosecond laser corneal refractive surgery.

Objective To evaluate the anatomical basis and techniques in laparoscopic liver resections. Methods Entered the study there were 16 patients with both their lesions located at liver margin, or the surface of the right liver, or left liver and their liver functions classified as Child B or above, including 8 cases of primary liver cancer, 3 cases of liver hemangioma, 1 case of cholangiocarcinama, 1 case of hepatic adenoma, 1 case of focal nodular hyperplasia, 1 case of liver abscess and 1 case of infected liver cyst. The procedures were performed, via 4～6 epigastric ports, by using electriccautery, ultracision or endo-cutter for transecting liver and by titanic clip or medical albumin glue for dealing with the cut surface. Results Laparoscopic liver resection was completed under pneumoperitoneum in 16 cases (18 lesions), including 8 cases of local liver resection and 8 cases of anatomical left liver resection. The operation time was (206?75) min and the blood loss was (354?282) ml. An intraoperative blood transfusion of 800 ml was required in 2 cases because of a blood loss of 1000 ml. The abdominal drains were left for (2～4) days and no bile leakage, bleeding or other complications happened. The postoperative hospital stay was (5.8?1.6) days. Conclusions Proper dealing with hepatic portal vessels is the key to the laparoscopic liver resection. In order to effectively control the bleeding during the partial hepatectomy or left hemihepatectomy, it is crucial to fully dissect the sub-grade hepatic portal vessels.

Objective To optimize the RP-HPLC procedure for the determination of aristolochic acid. Method Different extraction solvents and methods have been screened to get the most efficient way for sample preparation. The influence of different mobile systems on quantitation were compared to choose an approprate mobile system for determination. Besides,the minimum limits of different detecting waves were measured to give the method to detect trace amount of aristolochic acid. Result Refluxing with 70% methanol was better than other ways in sample preparation. Both methanol-1% acetic acid (70∶30) solution and 0.3% ammonium carbonate solution (pH=7.5)-acetonitrile (75∶25) with wavelength of 250 nm and 319 nm can be used for quantitation while 0.3% ammonium carbonate solution (pH=7.5)-acetonitrile (75∶25) with wavelength of 224 nm for trace detection. The minimum detectable amount was 0.02 ng. Conclusion The method established can be applied to determinate aristolochic acid and detect trace amout exactly.

In an anti-thrombotic pressure circulatory device, relays and solenoid valves serve as core execution units. Thus the therapeutic efficacy and patient safety of the device will directly depend on their performance. A new type of testing system for relays and solenoid valves used in the anti-thrombotic device has been developed, which can test action response time and fatigue performance of relay and solenoid valve. PC, data acquisition card and test platform are used in this testing system based on human-computer interaction testing modules. The testing objectives are realized by using the virtual instrument technology, the high-speed data acquisition technology and reasonable software design. The two sets of the system made by relay and solenoid valve are tested. The results proved the universality and reliability of the testing system so that these relays and solenoid valves could be accurately used in the antithrombotic pressure circulatory equipment. The newly-developed testing system has a bright future in the aspects of promotion and application prospect.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Pressure ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis

Objective This paper reports a modified method for the isolation of rat thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells based on combined enzyme double digestion.Methods An enzyme mixture containing collagenase II, soybean trypsin inhibitor and elastase was prepared and used to remove the aortic tunica intima and tunica adventitia, and then the tunica media was subjected to second digestion using the same enzyme mixture and to isolate vascular smooth muscle cells.Results The isolated VSMCs were cultured in vitro and the growing cells had an elongated spindle-shape, reached confluence within a week, and displaying a typical hill-and-valley pattern.After 1 week, the cells were passaged.Contractile smooth muscle markers(α-SMA, myosin-II and β-tubulin) were highly expressed in the isolated cells.More than 90% of the cells significantly expressed alpha smooth muscle actin and myosin-II.Conclusions Themethod established in this study has advantages of simple and easy to operate, and good reproducibility, with a high activity and purity of the separated cells.It can ensure to obtain a large amount of contraction-type vascular smooth muscle cells within a short time.

Objective To investigate the effects of targeted treatment of the carboplatin-Fe@C nanocage-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (C-Fe@CN-CN) combining external magnetic field on rats with transplanted liver cancer.Methods Twenty-four model rats with transplanted liver cancer were established and divided into four groups randomly (n =6).Abdominal exposure was carried out through a midline incision,and a cannula was inserted into the hepatic artery and fixed.Group A:saline water was injected as control,group B:saline water with 10 mg/kg free carboplatin was given,group C:saline water with C-Fe@CN-CN (equivalent dose of free carboplatin 10 mg/kg) was injected in absence of magnetic field,group D:saline water with C-Fe@CN-CN (equivalent dose of free carboplatin 10 mg/kg) was injected in presence of magnetic field for 30 min.All the animals were sacrificed and abdominal exposure was done again after 7 days.After tumors were reselcted,tumor weight and volume was measured,the inhibiting rate of tumor weight was calculated.Tumor and liver tissues were examined for histological changes.Results The growth of tumor was significantly inhibited after therapy with different forms of carboplatin.There was significant difference in the tumor weight of A,B,C,D groups [(0.85±0.12) g,(0.61±0.10) g,(0.48±0.09) g,(0.33±0.06) g,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].The inhibiting rates of tumor weight of B,C,D groups were 28.9 ％,43.4 ％,61.7 ％ respectively.The inhibiting rate of D group was highest which was 1.1 times higher than that of B group.There was also significant difference in the tumor volume of A,B,C,D groups [(1.06±0.24) cm3,(0.72±0.10) cm3,(0.50±0.07) cm3,(0.28±0.05) cm3,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].The tumor volume of group A was largest which was 2.8 times larger than that of group D.In group D,tumor tissues from six rats presented severe necrosis,and nanoparticles were concentrated in the necrotic tissue.In group C,five rats presented middle necrosis,one rats presented severe necrosis.There was no concentration of nanoparticles in the necrotic tissue.In group B,four rats presented middle necrosis,two rats presented mild necrosis.In group A,six rats presented mild necrosis.Conclusion C-Fe@CN-C can significantly increase the therapeutic effects of carboplatin by hepatic artery injection combining with an external magnetic field on the tumor.

Object To optimize the best extraction of the total saponins in the root of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. (RO). Methods The extract condition of total saponins in RO was observed by orthogonal design with ophiopogonis D as index. Results The optimum extract condition of RO was established. The more effective way was to smash RO to 5-10 mesh and extract total saponins in RO with ten times amount of 80% alcohol thrice by refluxing, one hour each time. Conclusion The total saponins in RO could be fully extracted in this condition.