The reversible phosphorylation plays an important regulatory role in various pathological and physiological processes. Src Homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2),a featured member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family,is identified as the first PTP proto-oncogene. SHP2 is associated with breast cancer,leukemia,lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,laryngeal cancer,oral cancer and other types of cancer. Signalling pathways involving SHP2 have also been discovered. It has been recently reported that the high expression of SHP2 in lung cancer regulates cancer cell proliferation,metastasis and drug resistance. SHP2 may be a potential thera?peutic target because it is implicated in many diseases. This article focuses on the research progress in functions of SHP2 in lung cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA region V in Bouyei people and Miao people living in Guizhou province of China.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used in the study.

RESULTSOnly two kinds of polymorphism were found in Bouyei and Miao people. One was standard pattern, the other short pattern. And the frequencies of short pattern(9 bp deletion) in Bouyei and Miao people were 31.1% and 33.3% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA region V in Bouyei people and Miao people living in Guizhou province of China are similar, but they are different from those in other people.

Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion

Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways. Studies have found that neutrophils are crucial to airway inflammation in acute asthma, persistent asthma, particularly in asthma of poor response to glucocorticoid treatment. The role of neutrophils in development of bronchial asthma is complex, as they can release a potent source of cytokines and inflammatory mediators participating in asthma. Differing from eosinophilic inflammatory asthma, neutrophilic inflammatory asthma is not depend on helper T (Th)2 cells, but may be related to Th1 and Th17 cells. This review highlights the role of neutrophils in the development of asthma, and the treatment of neutrophilic asthma with biological agents and novel small molecules.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Neutrophils ; immunology ; physiology ; Th1 Cells ; Th17 Cells

OBJECTIVETo figure out the polymorphism of three Y-STR loci in isolated populations and explore the consanguinity of the populations with the use of Y-STR.

METHODSMale samples were selected from two isolated populations(80 and 60 males) in Zhejiang province and one open population (36 males), genescan was performed with males' DNA by genescan technology with ABI PRISM 377 sequencer at Y chromosome loci DYS388, DYS390 and DYS395.

RESULTSDYS388, DYS390, DYS395 allele counts in Yushan island population, Taohua island population and open population were 8, 9, 7, 5, 6, 7 and 6, 6, 5 respectively. Gene diversity was between 0.70-0.80 in the three populations. There was no difference in distribution of allele frequency and shared genotypes between the isolated populations and the open population by statistical test. Genetic distance is long between Taohua island population and open population, short between Yushan island population and open population, and moderate between Yushan island population and Taohua island population.

CONCLUSIONThe main allele is 129 at DYS388; 215 at DYS390; and 119 at DYS395. The distribution of allele frequency and gene diversity at DYS388, DYS390, DYS395 loci, and the shared genotypes between populations as well as the genetic distance are unable to explain the blood relationship between the isolated and open populations, suggesting the additional studies in large sample size will be necessary to use Y-STR for exploring the blood relationship between populations.

Alleles ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; genetics ; Y Chromosome ; genetics

蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化对细胞的生命活动至关重要，其调控异常与多种疾病的发生密切相关。在酪氨酸磷酸酶家族 中，SHP2是目前唯一被证实的原癌蛋白，参与调控多个癌症相关过程。其活化突变会导致白血病、黑色素瘤、乳腺癌及肺癌的发 生。2016年以来，随着高特异性、可口服的SHP2新型变构抑制剂成功开发，靶向抑制SHP2在抑制肿瘤生长以及改善肿瘤耐药性 方面逐渐显现出了强大的临床应用潜力，提示SHP2抑制剂有望成为首个靶向酪氨酸磷酸酶的抗肿瘤靶向药物。

Cellular senescence is a key factor driving age-related diseases. Recent studies have revealed that senescence-associated secretory phenotype, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, and mitochondrial autophagy damage may mediate the pathogenesis of senescence-related idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Reducing the level of cellular senescence or clearing senescent cells can down-regulate the expression of fibrosis factors and alleviate the symptoms of IPF. In this review, we outlined the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in IPF.
Autophagy ; Cellular Senescence ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; physiopathology

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), including acute radiation pneumonitis and chronic radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), is a side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Pulmonary macrophages, as a kind of natural immune cells maintaining lung homeostasis, play a key role in the whole pathological process of RILI. In the early stage of RILI, classically activated M1 macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines to induce inflammation and produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ROS-induced cascade to further impair lung tissue. In the later stage of RILI, alternatively activated M2 macrophages secrete profibrotic cytokines to promote the development of RIPF. The roles of macrophage in the pathogenesis of RILI and the related potential clinical applications are summarized in this review.
Humans ; Lung/radiation effects* ; Lung Injury/physiopathology* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Radiation Injuries ; Radiation Pneumonitis/etiology* ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects*