Aim To detect the antitumor activities of five sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of Inula helenium.Method Using MTT assay to evaluate the antitumor activities of five sesquiterpene lactones to the cell lines of U251SP,T-98,HLE,MM1-CB,HMV-1 and KT,and to explore the relationship between structure and activities.Results Isoalantolactone exhibited significant anti-growth activities to U251SP,HLE and MM1-CB,while other compounds demonstrated weak or moderate anti-growth activities to cell lines even in the 50% inhibition concentration≤100 μmol·L~(-1).Conclusion Isoalantolactone exhibits significant anti-growth activities to three cell lines and its anti-tumor activitiesve close relationship with the structures,α,β-unsaturated five-membered lactone ring is necessary for the activities,and saturated lactone or 5,10-seco and A,B-ring become a ten-membered macro-ring leading to the loss or decrease of anti-growth activity.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the ultrasonic extraction technology of salidroside in Rhodiola rosea. METHODS:With the content of salidroside as the index,L16(45)orthogonal test was designed to observe the effects of 4 factors including the mass fraction of ethanol,solid-liquid ratio,extraction time and ultrasonic power on the content of salidroside in R. rosea extraction solu-tion. By using Matlab 6.5 software,mathematical simulation of ultrasonic extraction process of salidroside was made with the data of orthogonal test. Multiple regression analysis method was adopted to optimize the ultrasonic extraction technology of salidroside, and then the extraction result of optimal technology and that of traditional heating reflux technology were compared. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of salidroside was as follows as ethanol mass fraction of 77%,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶34 (g∶ml),extraction time of 34 min,ultrasonic power of 237 W(ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz). Under the above-mentioned condi-tions,the content of salidroside was up to 0.982 4%,close to the predicted value of 0.989 4%. Compared to heating reflux meth-od,the ultrasonic method has similar content of salidroside but extraction time was shortened by 62.2%. CONCLUSIONS:The ul-trasonic extraction method for extracting the salidroside in R. rosea is simple,requires shorter time,and giving rise to higher extrac-tion rate.

The clinical data of 7 patients who underwent the treatment of gradual and persistent balloon dilatation (GPBD) by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)for traumatic biliary stricture in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University were analyzed retrospectively.Balloon catheters were successfully implanted in 5 cases by PTC,and with the help of ERCP in 2 PTC failed cases.There was no bleeding,acute pancreatitis and other complications.Two balloon catheters were damaged and displaced,respectively.All the biliary strictures were relieved.No biliary sludge was attached on the surface of the balloon and in the bile duct.Bile duct mucosa had congestion edema and cellulose attachment.There was no biliary stricture recurrence in the follow-up of 5 to 27 months.This study showed GPBD by PTC was a simple,safe and effective method for treating traumatic biliary strictures.

Liver resection is the main method of treatment of hepatic space-occupying lesion, and pleural effusion is one of the common complications. With the technological development in recent years, this paper analyzes the pleural effusion after liver resection from the aspects of hypoproteinemia, diaphragm defects, inflammatory response, portopulmonary shunt, and hepatitis B immune complex deposition, summarizes the causes of pleural effusion after liver resection and its preventive measures, and explores the effective ways to reduce the incidence of pleural effusion after liver resection, with the purpose of providing guidance for future clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of a case where RhD genotyping did not match serological results. METHODS: The serological results of 8 members from two generations of this family were analyzed. And according to Mendelian law of inheritance, RhD genotyping, zygotic type determination and gene sequencing were performed for the family members. RESULTS: The proband and one of her cousins have the same RhD alleles, both of them have a 336-1G>A intron variant RhD allele and a complete RhD deletion allele. The variant alleles are inherited from two of their parents with blood relationship, while the complete-deleted alleles come from the other. 336-1G>A means that the last base G of the second intron of the RhD gene is mutated to A, which leads to a negative RhD serology and a positive genotype in the proband. CONCLUSION There was a rare 336-1G> A intron variant gene (RhD * 01N.25) in this family, which was a recessive gene relative to the RhD gene and resulted in RhD phenotype negative.
Alleles ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns/genetics* ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics*

Objective To investigate the effect of X-ray assisted nasal catheter extractor on nose biliary oronasal conversion. Methods A total of 892 patients,receiving endoscopic nasal biliary drainage in Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from January 2014 to December 2015, were randomly divided into experiment group and control group. X-ray assisted nasal catheter extractor was used in the experiment group,and guide wire was used in the control group. The mean extracting number and operation time, the total success rate, one-time success rate, response to stimulation and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were 457 cases in the experiment group. The mean extracting number was 1.08±0.32,the mean operation time was 1.07±0.29 min,the total success rate was 100.00%(457/457)and one-time success rate was 93.65%(428/457). The stimulation degree score was 1.27±0.50 with 348 cases of mild response,96 cases of moderate response and 13 cases of severe response. The rate of adverse reaction was 15.54%(71/457)with 50 cases of nausea, 18 cases of vomiting and 3 cases of mucosal bleeding. There were 435 cases in control group. The mean extracting number was 1.68±0.61,the mean operation time was 1.75±0.53 min, the total success rate was 75.63%(329/435)and one-time success rate was 38.16%(166/435). The stimulation degree score was 1.59 ±0.62 with 210 cases of mild response,194 cases of moderate response and 31 cases of severe response. The rate of adverse reaction was 35.86%(156/435)with 87 cases of nausea,36 cases of vomiting,27 cases of mucosal bleeding,and 6 cases of nasal duct prolapsed for vomiting. There were significant differences in the mean extracting number, mean operation time, stimulation degree score and the adverse reaction rate between the two groups(all P<0.001). The total success rate and one-time success rate in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.001).Conclusion X-ray assisted nasal catheter extractor can improve the success rate of operation,shorten the operation time,reduce the stimulation degree and the rate of adverse reactions in nose biliary oronasal conversion.

Objective:To summarize the clinical data and experience of pure single-port lumpectomy non-lipolysis breast-conserving surgery (PSLN-BCS) in patients with early-stage breast cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 400 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer in the Second Department of Breast Surgery at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from Jan. 2022 to Jan. 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: PSLN-BCS group ( n=200) and conventional breast-conserving surgery (C-BCS) group ( n=200). The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage within three days, and short-term (3 months to 6 months after surgery) complications, including the incidence of residual fluid after drain removal and incision infection were observed. Long-term (6 months after surgery) complications, including the incidence of skin and pectoralis major muscle adhesions in the surgical area and cosmetic results after breast-conserving surgery, were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using R language, and quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s) and analyzed using t-test, while count data were analyzed using χ2 test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:PSLN-BCS had a longer average surgical time than C-BCS (198.341min vs 62.961min, P<0.001, 95% CI:132.028 vs 138.732). PSLN-BCS had less intraoperative bleeding (18.824 ml vs 22.627 ml, P=0.003, 95% CI: -6.294 vs -1.311) and lower postoperative drainage volume (346.157 ml vs 406.191 ml, P<0.001, 95% CI: -70.571-a-49.496). There were no significant differences in short-term postoperative complications such as subcutaneous fluid accumulation ( χ2=2.33, P=0.127) or incisional infection ( χ2=0.14, P=0.708) between the two groups. The incidence of skin and muscle adhesions in the surgical area was lower in patients who underwent PSLN-BCS at 6 months postoperatively ( χ2=11.58, P<0.001). Patients who received PSLN-BCS achieved better cosmetic outcomes, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=273.00, P<0.001) compared to those who received C-BCS. Conclusion:Pure single-port lumpectomy non-lipolysis breast-conserving surgery is a safe and effective treatment option for early-stage breast cancer and can be considered as a surgical option for patients with cosmetic requirements.

Objective:To investigate the features of the brain structural network in patients with postpartum depression (PPD).Methods:This cross-sectional study included PPD patients who visited the mental health counseling clinic after delivery at the Jiangsu University Affiliated Yixing Hospital from June 2013 to September 2022 (PPD group). Matched non-PPD postpartum women based on age, years of education, and body mass index who came for postpartum follow-up (non-PPD postpartum group), and non-pregnant women who visited the hospital or underwent physical examinations during the same period (non-pregnant group) were also included. Demographic data and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected for all three groups. The brain was partitioned into 90 regions using an anatomical template to construct the brain structural network. Network-based statistics (NBS) were applied to further screen and construct subnetworks. The efficacy of the subnetworks in identifying PPD was evaluated through multivariable logistics regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves. A comparison of the connectivity strength of white matter tracts and topological attributes of brain structural network parameters was conducted using independent samples t-tests, and the results were corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Results:(1) A total of 116 subjects were included, with 40 in the non-pregnant group, 40 in the non-PPD postpartum group, and 36 in the PPD group. PPD group had higher Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores than the non-pregnant and non-PPD postpartum groups [(18.0±4.1) scores vs. (2.5±1.2) and (6.1±2.1) scores, F=340.40; t=24.65,10.60 and 16.16 in pairwise comparison; all P<0.001]. (2) Compared to the non-pregnant group, there was a decrease in the connectivity strength of nine white matter tracts within the brain structural network of the postpartum group (including left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus-left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus-right amygdala, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus-left insula, left insula-left lentiform nucleus, left insula-left hippocampus, left hippocampus-right amygdala, left hippocampus-left precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus-right amygdala, and right amygdala-right hippocampus) (all P<0.05, FDR corrected). No increased connection strengths were observed. There were no significant differences in the connection strengths of these nine tracts between the non-PPD and PPD groups. (3) A characteristic subnetwork for the maternal group was successfully constructed based on the nine tracts, which exhibited typical small-world properties (σ>1). Compared to the non-PPD maternal group, the characteristic path length in the PPD group was increased [(3.904±0.328) vs. (4.130±0.433), t=－2.58], and global efficiency was decreased [(0.361±0.036) vs. (0.331±0.053), t=2.91] (both P<0.05). Local property comparisons showed that the node efficiency values for the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left insula, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, left hippocampus, right hippocampus, right amygdala, left precuneus and left putamen in the PPD group were significantly reduced [(0.273±0.023) vs. (0.267±0.030), t=0.98; (0.299±0.035) vs. (0.276±0.041), t=2.64; (0.265±0.019) vs. (0.258±0.025), t=1.38; (0.318±0.028) vs. (0.305±0.031), t=1.92; (0.312±0.027) vs. (0.302±0.031), t=1.50; (0.322±0.030) vs. (0.298±0.026), t=3.71; (0.356±0.040) vs. (0.338±0.056), t=1.62; (0.346±0.028) vs. (0.331±0.036), t=1.74; all P<0.05]. However, only the differences in node efficiency values for the left insula and right amygdala remained significant after FDR correction (corrected P=0.041 and 0.003). (4) Global efficiency, as well as node efficiency for the left insula and right amygdala, demonstrated good value for identifying PPD [areas under the curve (AUC) and their 95% CI were 0.827 (0.732-0.922), 0.741 (0.628-0.854), and 0.761 (0.653-0.867), respectively], with even better performance when combined [0.897 (0.828-0.969)]. (5) In the PPD group, global efficiency ( r=－0.43, P=0.008), node efficiency for the left insula ( r=－0.39, P=0.019), and node efficiency for the right amygdala ( r=－0.42, P=0.011) were all negatively correlated with EPDS scores. Conclusion:Aberrations in global efficiency, node efficiency for the left insula, and node efficiency for the right amygdala may serve as characteristic neuroimaging biomarkers for PPD.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of moxibustion with the classical prescription Xiaoyaosan as the herbal cake in improving cognitive function in the rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS） by regulating autophagy via phosphatidylinosiol 3-kinase （PI3K）/autophagy key molecule yeast Atg6 homologue 1 （Beclin1） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty SPF-grade SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly grouped as follows： control， model， sham cake-separated moxibustion， intragastric administration with Chinese herbs， and herbal cake-separated moxibustion， each with 10 rats. The other groups except the control group were subjected to modeling by exhaustive swimming and chronic restraint stress for 21 days， and the behavioral test was performed after modeling. Herbal cake-separated moxibustion and sham cake-separated moxibustion were carried out at Shenque （CV8）， Guanyuan （CV4）， Zusanli （ST36）， and Qimen （LR14）. The rats in the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group were treated with Xiaoyaosan suspension by gavage. After continuous intervention for 10 days， rat behaviors were observed and the levels of interleukin （IL）-4， IL-10， blood urine nitrogen （BUN）， and malondiadehyde （MDA） in the serum and hippocampal tissue of rats in each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The morphological changes of the hippocampal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The relative mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 in the hippocampal tissue were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced crossings， shortened residence time in the target quadrant， and prolonged average escape latency on days 1， 2， 3， and 4 （P<0.01） in the Morris water maze test. In the new object recognition test， the model group showed decreased recognition index of exploration time and recognition index of exploration times （P<0.01）， lowered levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and elevated levels of BUN and MDA in the serum and hippocampus （P<0.01）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 （P<0.01）. After treatment， compared with the model group， each treatment group showed increased crossings， prolonged residence time in the target quadrant， and shortened average escape latency on days 1， 2， 3， and 4 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the treatment elevated the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and lowered the levels of BUN and MDA in the serum and hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the sham cake-separated moxibustion group， the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group showed increased crossings， prolonged residence time in the target quadrant （P<0.05）， elevated level of IL-4， lowered level of MDA， and up-regulated relative mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum levels of MDA and BUN in the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group were significantly decreased. The average escape latency of the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group was significantly shortened on days 2 and 3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， this group showed elevated serum level of IL-4， lowered serum level of MDA， and declined BUN level in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group， the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group presented risen serum level of IL-4 and up-regulated mRNA level of Beclin1 （P<0.05） and relative protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHerbal cake-separated moxibustion can effectively alleviate fatigue and improve the memory， reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress， and decrease autophagy of hippocampal neurons in CFS rats by regulating the PI3K/Beclin1 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of moxibustion with the classical prescription Xiaoyaosan as the herbal cake in improving cognitive function in the rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS） by regulating autophagy via phosphatidylinosiol 3-kinase （PI3K）/autophagy key molecule yeast Atg6 homologue 1 （Beclin1） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty SPF-grade SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly grouped as follows： control， model， sham cake-separated moxibustion， intragastric administration with Chinese herbs， and herbal cake-separated moxibustion， each with 10 rats. The other groups except the control group were subjected to modeling by exhaustive swimming and chronic restraint stress for 21 days， and the behavioral test was performed after modeling. Herbal cake-separated moxibustion and sham cake-separated moxibustion were carried out at Shenque （CV8）， Guanyuan （CV4）， Zusanli （ST36）， and Qimen （LR14）. The rats in the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group were treated with Xiaoyaosan suspension by gavage. After continuous intervention for 10 days， rat behaviors were observed and the levels of interleukin （IL）-4， IL-10， blood urine nitrogen （BUN）， and malondiadehyde （MDA） in the serum and hippocampal tissue of rats in each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The morphological changes of the hippocampal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The relative mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 in the hippocampal tissue were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced crossings， shortened residence time in the target quadrant， and prolonged average escape latency on days 1， 2， 3， and 4 （P<0.01） in the Morris water maze test. In the new object recognition test， the model group showed decreased recognition index of exploration time and recognition index of exploration times （P<0.01）， lowered levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and elevated levels of BUN and MDA in the serum and hippocampus （P<0.01）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 （P<0.01）. After treatment， compared with the model group， each treatment group showed increased crossings， prolonged residence time in the target quadrant， and shortened average escape latency on days 1， 2， 3， and 4 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the treatment elevated the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and lowered the levels of BUN and MDA in the serum and hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the sham cake-separated moxibustion group， the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group showed increased crossings， prolonged residence time in the target quadrant （P<0.05）， elevated level of IL-4， lowered level of MDA， and up-regulated relative mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum levels of MDA and BUN in the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group were significantly decreased. The average escape latency of the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group was significantly shortened on days 2 and 3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， this group showed elevated serum level of IL-4， lowered serum level of MDA， and declined BUN level in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the intragastric administration with Chinese herbs group， the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group presented risen serum level of IL-4 and up-regulated mRNA level of Beclin1 （P<0.05） and relative protein levels of PI3K and Beclin1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHerbal cake-separated moxibustion can effectively alleviate fatigue and improve the memory， reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress， and decrease autophagy of hippocampal neurons in CFS rats by regulating the PI3K/Beclin1 signaling pathway.