The recipe-analgesic compound decoction composed of herbs according to the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the author's clinical experience of treating painful diseases. The experimental studies showed that the pain threshold of mice in hot-plate test was raised (p

BACKGROUND: It is manifested in epidemiology and clinical observation that lipoprotein (a) is a new risk factor of cerebrovascular disease and is closely related to cerebral ischemic stroke.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relationship between levels of high serum lipoprotein (a) and stroke.DESIGN: Case controlled analysis.SETTING: Neurological Institute of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.METHODS: Totally 294 patients with stroke were selected from Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central So, uth University between September 1999 and March 2002. Of them, 159 cases were regarded as cerebral infarction group and other 135 cases as acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group. In cerebral infarction group, 109 patients had atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and 50 patients had lacunar cerebral infarction, and 94patients with contimuous health examination were regarded as health examination group. Serum lipoprotein (a) in each group was assayed with "sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay". According to whether the value of lipid was normal or not, patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into two groups. Comparisons between the two groups were assayed with single sample t test, and multiple liner regression was used to assay whether sex, hypertension and value of lipid were related to the level of serum lipoprotein (a).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparisons of serum lipoprotein (a)among atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group, lacunar cerebral infarction group, acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group and health examination group. ② Correlated analysis between serum lipoprotein (a) and lipid.RESULTS: Among 294 patients, 94 cases in control group entered the final analysis. ① Comparisons of serum lipoprotein (a) among atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group, lacunar cerebral infarction group, acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group and health examination group: Levels of serum lipoprotein (a) in atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group and cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than those in health control group (P ＜ 0.05), and concentration of lipoprotein (a) in atheroosclerotic cerebral infarction group was increased as compared with that in acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group (P ＜ 0.05). Also, level of lipoprotein (a) in lacunar cerebral infarction group was a little higher than that in control group,but the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05). ② Correlated analysis between serum lipoprotein (a) and lipid: Levels of lipoprotein (a) in both normal lipid group and abnormal lipid group were assayed with single sample t test, and the results showed that levels in the two groups were similar (P ＞ 0.05). Multiple liner regression was used to assay whether sex,hypertension and value of lipid were related to level of serum lipoprotein (a).CONCLUSION: Levels of lipoprotein (a) may be an independent risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND: Alginic sodium diester (ASD) possesses neuroprotective function because of its selective calcium antagonist effects.OBJECTIVE: To compare the influences of ASD on intraneuronal Ca2+content and nerve cell apoptosis before and after reperfusion in focal cerebral ischemic rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to South China University; Laser Orthopedic Surgery of the First Hospital Affiliated to Southern China University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out between November 2003and April 2004 at the Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to South China University. A total of 65 male SD rats were recruited and randomized into 6 groups; 17 got lost during the experiment, and the other 48 rats completed the experiment with 8 rats in each group.METHODS: In sham operation group, an incision was made on rats' cervical skin and sutured. Right cerebral middle artery was occluded in rats of ischemic group, ASD 5 mg/kg preischemic group, ASD 5 mg/kg postischemic group, ASD 10 mg/kg preischemic group, and ASD 10 mg/kg postischemic group. After that, rats in all but ischemic group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of various dosage of ASD or excipient 30minutes before reperfusion and 5 hours after reperfusion. FCM was used to determine intraneuronal Ca2+ content and rate of nerve cell apoptosis;meanwhile, neurological dysfunction was scored.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Influence of ASD on the score for neurological dysfunction, intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, and neuronal apoptosis in rats with right cerebral middle artery ischemia. [2]Correlation of behavioral obstacle score with intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and neuronal apoptosis in rats with right cerebral middle artery ischemia.RESULTS: Totally 65 rats were enrolled in this study, 17 of which got lost and the other 48 rats entered the result analysis. [1] Influence of ASD on the score for neurological dysfunction, intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, and neuronal apoptosis in rats with right cerebral middle artery ischemia: The score was obviously reduced in ASD 5 mg/kg preischemic group, ASD 5 mg/kg postischemic group, ASD 10 mg/kg preischemic group and ASD 10 mg/kg postischemic group as compared with ischemic group (1.80±0.21, 2.20±0.23, 1.20±0.11, 2.00±0.22, 3.40±0.65); moreover,functional improvement was more obvious due to pre-reperfusional administration than post-reperfusional administration. Intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration was reduced after ASD administration at different degrees and lower than that of ischemic group. Decrement of intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration was found most obvious due to 10 mg/kg ASD administration 30 minutes before reperfusion, approximately reduced by 70%; moreover, neuronal apoptosis rate on the ischemic side was obviously suppressed by ASD administration, displaying time-dependent manner, with apoptotic suppression effect more obvious in pre-reperfusional group than in post-reperfusional group (5.68%, 10.03%; 4.00%, 9.91%). [2] Correlation of behavioral obstacle score of right cerebral middle artery ischemic rats with intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and membrane associated protein/propidium iodide apoptosis: Obvious positive correlation was found between behavioral obstacle score and intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and detection rate of membrane associated protein/propidium iodide apoptosis (r=0.51,0.62, P ＜ 0.05); intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity was also positively correlated with the detection rate of membrane associated protein/propidium iodide apoptosis (r=0.84, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: [1] ASD can exert anti-apoptosis effect by suppressing the increment of intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration, thus having neuroprotective function and ultimately improving neurological dysfunction. [2] Its effect displays time-dependent manner, and neurological functional improvement is more obvious by pre-reperfusional administration than by post-operational administration.

Background and purpose:A large number of studies have showed that retinoblastoma gene 1 (RB1) can inhibit the occurrence and development of many tumors, including neuroblastoma, small cell lung cancer, osteosar-coma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and so on. RB1 is also closely related to the regulation of cell cycle, differentia-tion, senescence, apoptosis, growth inhibition, etc. The goal of this article is to elucidate whether miR-222 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by targeting RB1, further to explore the molecular mechanism that miR-222 functions as an oncogene in retinoblastoma cells.Methods:miR-222 (miR-222 mimics) and RB1-wt, miR-NC and RB1-wt, miR-222 and RB1-mut, miR-NC (a controlled miR-222 mimics) and RB1-mut were co-transfected into Y79 cells, and luciferase activity was detected by single photon. Retinoblastoma cells were transfected with miR-222 mimics and miR-NC, and the expressions of RB1 protein were detected by Western blot. Retinoblastoma cell proliferation assays were performed by MTS assay when miR-222, miR-NC, RB1 (pcDNA3.1-RB1), vector (pcDNA3.1), miR-222+RB1 and miR-NC+vec-tor were transfected into Y79 cells. The growth and invasion ability of Y79 cells with ectopic expression of miR-222 were evaluated by MTS and Transwell invasion assays.Results:This study demonstrated that miR-222 could promote the luciferase activity of RB1-wt. The expression levels of luciferase reporter gene activity in Y79 cells after transfection with miR-222+RB1-wt were higher than those in the negative control cells (miR-NC+RB1-wt) (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of RB1 in Y79 cells after transfection with miR-222 were lower than those in miR-NC (P<0.05). Overexpression of RB1 inhibited the proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. miR-222 promoted the prolifera-tion of retinoblastoma cells through targeting RB1 (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no signiifcant difference between the cell survival rates of Y79 which were transfected with miR-222+pcDNA3.1-RB1 and miR-NC+pcDNA3.1 (P>0.05). After transfection with miR-222 mimics for 48 h, Transwell invasion assay showed that the number of cells through the basement membrane was (193±10). Compared with the control group (144±11), it could signiifcantly accelerate the invasion of Y79 cells (P<0.01). There was no signiifcant difference between the number of cells through the basement membrane which were transfected with miR-222+pcDNA3.1-RB1 and miR-NC+pcDNA3.1 (P>0.05).Conclusion:miR-222 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by targeting RB1 expression in retinoblastoma cells.

AIM:To observe the effect of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) on H2 O2-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelium cells and its molecular mechanism .METHODS: Human retinal pigment epithelium cell line ARPE-19 was cultured in vitro, and 12.5 mmol/L H2 O2 was used to mimic the oxidative stress condition .The cells were treated with 30~100μmol/L DHA for 4~24 h.The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot , respectively .The enzymic activity of HO-1 was measured by colorimetry . Production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was determined by fluorescent probe .Activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was examined by immunofluorescence method .Apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry .RE-SULTS:The mRNA and protein expression and the enzymic activity of HO-1 were significantly increased in the ARPE-19 cells after DHA treatment .Meanwhile , nuclear translocation of Nrf 2 was also observed .Apoptosis appeared and ROS was produced upon H2O2 incubation.In contrast, DHA at 100 μmol/L significantly abrogated H2O2-induced apoptosis and ROS production.Furthermore, silencing of HO-1 by specific siRNA, or treatment with ZnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1, partly counteracted the protective effect against H 2 O2-induced apoptosis and ROS production .CONCLUSION: DHA protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative stress via induction of heme oxygenase -1 expression after Nrf2 activation .

Objective To analyze risk factors of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients with severe serum creatinine levels elevation undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods The perioperative data of 45 patients with severe elevation of preoperative serum creatinine levels undergoing OPCABG were investigated based on the perioperative CABG database from Feb, 2012 to Jul, 2016.The postoperative treatment rates of CRRT were recorded and the risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regressions.Results There were 9 patients (20%) who suffered from CRRT after OPCABG in all 45 recruitment patients.Compared with non-CRRT patients, there were higher levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before surgery, a lower volume of urine during surgery, a higher level of serum creatinine at postoperative 12 hour and 24 hour, longer ICU staying time and higher in-hospital mortality after surgery in patients with CRRT (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative level of serum creatinine (OR=1.05, 95% CI 1.05-1.10, P=0.046) was the independent risk factor of postoperative CRRT in patients with severe serum creatinine levels elevation undergoing OPCABG.At the value of postoperative 12 hour serum creatinine up to 166 μmol/L, the incidence of postoperative CRRT in patients increased 5% by postoperative 12 hour serum creatinine increasing 1 μmol/L(OR=1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.013).However at the value of postoperative 12 hour serum creatinine above 350 μmol/L, ceiling effect was apparent.Conclusion This study shows that 20% patients with preoperative severe serum creatinine level elevation are suffered from CRRT after OPCABG procedure and preoperative level of serum creatinine is predominant factor of postoperative CRRT.

Objective To study the constituents in water-extracts from Flos Lonicerae. Methods Compounds were isolated and purified by using various column chromatography such as D101, Sephadex LH-20, and silica gel, etc. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data. Results Seven secoiridoid glycosides were obtained and identified as vogeloside (Ⅰ), 7-epi-vogeloside (Ⅱ), secologanic acid (Ⅲ), sweroside (Ⅳ), secoxyloganin (Ⅴ), secologanoside (Ⅵ), (E)-aldosecologanin (Ⅶ). Conclusion Among them, compounds Ⅲ and Ⅵ are firstly obtained from the plants in Lonicera L. The structure of compound Ⅶ is rare in nature so far.

Objective To investigate the short- and mid-term outcomes of after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) in patients with severe elevation of preoperative serum creatinine levels (SEPSC). Methods The perioperative data of SEPSC patients undergoing OPCABG were investigated based on the perioperative CABG database from Feb. 2012 to Jul. 2016. The patients were also followed up for the perioperative complication, short and medium-term survival were estimated. Results The mean age of the patients was 65.4(45-85) years. The in-hospital mortality was 4.4% and the CRRT rate was 19.6%(9 case). Survival analyses revealed a survival ratio of 100% at one year, 97.6% at two years. Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to show that 13(28.3%) patients had malnutrition. Conclusions SEPSC patients can be candidates for OPCABG procedure. The mortality in hospital and 2-year survival rate of SEPSC patients after OPCABG procedure are both considered within an acceptable range. OPCABG may be performed in these patients with a satisfactory survival rate with the development of surgical instruments and medical treatment.

Objective To explore effects of fresh slices on quality of angelica;To provide a reliable method for scientific evaluation and the effective control of quality of angelica;To compare the quality of fresh slices and pieces of angelica.Methods Extraction method and the chromatographic conditions were optimized on the basis of 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Ferulic acid content was determined by HPLC, with a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) and mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid-water gradient elution at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength of 316 nm, and the column temperature was 28℃.Results The content of ferulic acid in the fresh slices of angelica was higher than that in angelica pieces. When other external conditions were the same, the content of ferulic acid in the fresh sliced angelica was the highest with 70% methanol extracted for 30 min.Conclusion The method for determination of ferulic acid in angelica is simple, reliable, reproducible, and can be used as an effective way to control quality of angelica.

Background Oxydative stress is an important pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.Resent evidences indicate that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role during the development of retinal photoreceptor cells and protect the cells against oxydative stress by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).However,whether DHA can induce the expression of HO-1 in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is unelucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of DHA on the expression of HO-1 in RPE cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods Human RPE cell line ARPE-19 was cultured in vitro and treated with 30,50,100 and 120 μmol/L DHA for 4 to 24 hours,respectively,and the cells were cultured without DHA as the control group.The cytotoxicity of DHA was detected by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assay,respectively.The enzymatic activity of HO-1 was detected by colorimetry.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) proportion in the cells was detected using fluorescence probe H2 DCFDA,and immunofluorescence technology was adopted to detect the nuclear translocation of nuclear facotor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2).The expression of Nrt2 protein in the cells was detected by Western blot after intervention of ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and transfection of Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA).Results The LDH leakage rate was significantly different after 0,3,50,100 and 120 μmol/L DHA treated the cells for 24 hours (F=8.14,P＜0.05),and the LDH leakage rate in the 120 μmol/L DHA group was significantly higher than that of 0,30,50 and 100 μmol/L DHA group (all at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and HO-1 protein or HO-1 enzymatic activity in the cells were significantly different among different concentrations of DHA group in 8 hours after treatment (F=16.24,P＜0.05;F=11.34,P＜0.05;F=11.81,P＜0.05),and the expressions of these factors were considerably higher in the 30,50 and 100 μ mol/L DHA group than those in the 0 μmol/L DHA group (all at P＜0.05).The ROS relative fluorescence intensity and nuclear Nrf2 positive cells proportion were statistically significant among different concentrations of DHA groups (F =11.08,P ＜ 0.05;F=16.42,P＜0.05),and the ROS relative fluorescence intensity and nuclear Nrf2 positive cells proportion were evidently higher in the 30,50 and 100 μmol/L DHA group than those in the 0 μmol/L DHA group (all at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of HO-1 protein and the proportion of nuclear Nrf2 positive cells were significantly lower in the NAC pretreated 100 μmol/L DHA group than those in the 100 μmol/L DHA group.In addition,the HO-1 relative expression level and the positive cells proportion of nuclear Nrf2 were significantly lower in the of Nrf2 siRNA transfection group than those in the blank siRNA transfection group (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions DHA with concentration below 100 μ mol/L can protect RPE cells from oxidative stress by inducting the expression of HO-1 in the cells via ROS/Nrf2 pathway.