Parkinson’s disease is resulted from the progressive degeneration and from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Substantia Nigra. Current researches focuson the optimum conditions in vivo and in vitro associating the differentiation as well as survival of dopaminergic neurons,in order to get sufficient dopaminergic neurons for cell-replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease. This paper reviewed influential factors of neural stem cells differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in vitro.

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a kind of degenerative disease caused by both genetic and environ-mental factors. Concerning these two factors, various animal models for parkinson's disease were made for the study. Transgenic animal models were made by the method of microinjection, electronic perforation, particle bom-bardment, virus vector transfection and so on, which can express exogenous target gene. These models imitated the process of Parkinson's desease induced by virulence gene and provided a powerful tool for investigation on e-tiopathogenesis, gene therapy and medical intervention. In this article, we reviewed the progress of genetic models associated with PD and theirs contribution to PD research.

Objective To explore the possible effects of methyl methanesulfonate sensitive 2(MMS2)in the process of angiotensin Ⅱ inducing differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminegic phenotype neurons. Methods NSCs were isolated from the brain of newborn rats and were cultured in the serum-free medium.Identification of neural precursor cells was done by Nestin immunocyt ochemical staining. Then the second generation of NSCs was divided into the following six groups: A, control; B, AⅡ; C, AT1 antagonist ZD7155; D, ZD7155+AⅡ; E, AT2 antagonist PD123319; F, PD123319+AⅡ. The detection of expression of MMS2 and TH mRNA level was done by real-time PCR. The silence of the expression of MMS2 in NSCs was brought about via the transfection of MMS2-siRNA, and then the NSCs were induced to differentiate into dopaminegic neurons. The expression of TH mRNA level in the cells of the groups after transfection was detected by real-time PCR. Results Nestin-positive cells were observed in suspended growth in the medium.Real-Time PCR revealed that the MMS2 and TH mRNA expression of group B and D were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05), There was no significant difference in MMS2 and TH mRNA expression between group C, E, F and the control, respectively. Conclusion AⅡ increased the expression of MMS2 mRNA in NSCs and induced the differentiation of NSCs into DA neurons via AT2 recepter. MMS2 may play important roles in the process of angiotensin Ⅱ inducing NSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons.

Objective:To investigate the acceptance of advance care planning and its influencing factors in heart failure patients.Methods:A total of 208 patients with heart failure were surveyed by general data questionnaires and advance care planning acceptance questionnaires.Results:The total score of advance care planning acceptance of heart failure patients was (44.26 ± 11.73), the score of feeling dimension was (13.67 ± 5.72), the score of attitude dimension was (30.59 ± 6.33). 53.4%(111/208) of patients were willing to accept the talking about advance care planning. Regression analysis results showed that education level, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, communication status with medical staff and whether they had received life-sustaining treatment were important factors influencing of the acceptance of advance care planning in patients with heart failure.Conclusion:Patients with heart failure had higher acceptance of advance care planning. In clinical work, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific popularization of advance care planning in patients with low education level, low NYHA grade and no exposure to life-sustaining treatment. And strengthen the daily communication with patients to prepare for the follow-up advance care planning related communication.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients aged 65 years and above in Liaoning Province. Methods Between January 2019 and December 2020, a cluster random sampling method was used to investigate residents ≥ 65 years old in Sujiatun Community, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. The pulmonary function tests of the selected residents were conducted. Questionnaire surveys were carried out and 5738 questionnaires with complete data were analyzed. Results A total of 620 COPD cases were diagnosed among 5738 people investigated in the present study, with a total prevalence rate of 10.81%, of which the prevalence rate in men was 12.58% (371/2950), and the prevalence rate in women was 8.93% (249/2950). According to the GOLD classification of lung function, 620 patients can be divided into 186 (30.49%) cases of grade I, 266 (43.61%) grade II, 118 (19.34%) grade III, and 50 (8.20%) cases of grade IV. The problem with lung function in males was more serious than that in females, which increased gradually with age (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, BMI, smoking, childhood respiratory history, family history, occupational exposure, indoor oil fume and use of polluted fuel for heating were independent risk factors affecting the onset of COPD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in patients aged 65 years old and above in Liaoning is relatively high. Gender, age, BMI, smoking, childhood respiratory history, family history, occupational exposure, indoor oil fume, and use of polluted fuel for heating are related to the onset of COPD. Clinical attention should be paid to early screening and prevention of COPD in those populations to reduce the prevalence of COPD..