Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; complications ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of parecoxib sodium pretreatment on permeability of blood-brain barrier in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Sixty male SD rats weighing 300g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12 each):sham operation group (group S);focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R);parecoxib sodium 5 mg/kg pretreatment group (group L);parecoxib sodium7.5mg/kg pretreatment group (group M);parecoxib sodium 10 mg/kg pretreatment group (group H) Middle cerebral artery occlusion models were made by reforming Longa suture method in SD rats.Thirty minutes before ischemia,rats in group L,M and H were injected with 5 mg/kg、7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg parecoxib sodium through the internal jugular vein.Group S and group I/R received equal volume of normal saline.ELISA technique was used to determine the content of S100 β,TNF-α,IL-1 β in Plasma.The changes of cerebral water content and the Evans Blue exudation from brain capillaries were observed.Results Pretreated with parecoxib sodium (5mg/kg、7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg),the content of S100 β,TNF-α,II-1 β in plasma were reduced.The cerebral water content and the EB in brain were reduced.Pretreated with parecoxib sodium 10 mg/kg,Longa scores were reduced.Conclusion Pretreatment with Parecoxib can protect blood-brain barrier against focal cerebral I/R injury by inhibition of the inflammatory reaetion.

Objective To study the predictive values of the general movements (GMs) assessment in writhing stage for motor development outcomes in infants with severe neonatal jaundice.Method From December of 2012 to December of 2017,infants with severe neonatal jaundice (serum bilirubin reaching the corresponding level of exchange transfusion according to the reference nomogram) in our hospital were enrolled in the study.Inclusion criteria included corrected gestational age of 37 to 48 weeks,serum bilirubin level below phototherapy intervention value after treatment and general and detailed assessment were carried out in writhing stage when the infant was stable.The patients were regularly followed-up until one-year-old to evaluate the predictive values.Result A total of 241 patients with severe neonatal jaundice were enrolled in the study,including 153 males (63.5％) and 88 females (36.5％),with gestational age between 35 and 42 weeks.The mean gestational age was (37.9± 1.8) weeks,the average birth weight was (3 057±480) g,and the mean serum bilirubin value was (458.9± 119.1) μmol/L.The general evaluation of the GMs was normal in 15 cases (6.2％),and abnormal in 226 cases (93.8％) with 217 cases (90.0％) were poor repertoire (PR) and 9 cases (3.7％) were cramped-synchronized (CS).The predictive values of abnormal GMs for abnormal motor development outcomes were as following:sensitivity 100％,specificity 7.6％,negative predictive value(NPV) 100％.The predictive values of CS for cerebral palsy were as following:sensitivity 22.2％,specificity 97.8％,NPV 94.0％.Detailed evaluation of 241 subjects showed that 13 items had statistically significant differences in the prediction of cerebral palsy (P＜0.05),and 18 items in the prediction of abnormal motor development (P＜0.05).Conclusion The CS pattern and detailed assessment of GMs in the writhing stage may be correlated with the outcomes of motor development in infants with severe neonatal jaundice until one-year-old.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the social and economic burden of Downs syndrome for patients and their families residing in Changsha, China. METHODS: An 160-item self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to the primary caregivers of the patients in March 2020. A total of 81 eligible participants had completed the questionnaire, among which 20 were excluded for incomplete data. A patient perspective was taken to estimate the economic burden of the disease. The social impact of the disease on the patient's family was evaluated through questions adapted from the Stanford Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scale. RESULTS: The estimated life-course cost of a Downs syndrome patient in Changsha is 4 985 659 RMB, with the patient and caregiver's loss of income taking the greater proportion. In addition, as the majority of the patients' primary caregivers, female caregivers experienced not only considerable financial hardship caused by the care provision, but also a significant amount of psychological pressure and social discrimination. CONCLUSION Increased level of social welfare for the patients and social support for their female caregivers are essential for reducing economic burden and improving their quality of life in the area. In addition, prenatal screening and diagnosis for Downs syndrome are important for reducing both the social and economic burden of the disease by preventing its occurrence.
Caregivers ; China ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Financial Stress ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Social Discrimination ; Surveys and Questionnaires