Objective: To study the psychological and behavioral problems of children with tic disorders (TD), and to identify related influencing factors for effective medical intervention strategies. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021, 69 children with TD were randomly selected as the case group in the pediatric neurologic clinic, while the control group included 69 healthy children who were matched by gender and age. The data were obtained through general questionnaire, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-41 (SCARED-41), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-25 (SDQ-25) and the Children s Depression Inventory-Short Form (CDI-10), while psychological and behavioral problems and their related risk factors were analyzed. Results: The total scores of SCARED-41, SDQ-25 and its difficulties scale, and CDI-10 were (22.1±12.5,13.3±12.3) (21.1±6.0,15.9±3.4) ( 15.6± 6.3,9.3±3.6) (3.7±2.9,2.6±2.9) in the TD and control group respectively, with significant differences ( t/Z =3.8, 13.9, 6.9, -2.6, P <0.05). According to multiple linear regression of children in the TD group, statistically significant effects of maternal bachelor degree on SDQ-25 emotional symptoms, associate degree on SDQ-25 prosocial behavior ( B =-2.20, 2.14), lenient parenting attitude on SCARED-41 general anxiety, worry on SDQ-25 hyperactivity ( B =-7.44, 3.00), time spent on electronic devices on SCARED-41 somatic/panic, school phobia and SDQ-25 conduct problems ( B =0.49, 0.30, 0.20) and exercise intensity of small intensity on CDI-10 ( B =-0.15)were observed ( P <0.05). Conclusion Children with TD are prone to emotional disturbances such as anxiety, depression and behavioral problems, all of which are related to their mothers educational background, parents attitude towards discipline, the duration of electronic device use and exercise intensity.

Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide, with pediatric epilepsy incidence ranging from approximately 0.41‰ to 1.87‰.In recent years, there has been growing interest in high frequency oscillations(HFOs)as a novel biomarker for epileptic seizures due to their non-invasiveness, non-radiation, and promptness.This article provides a concise review of the research findings and advancements in HFOs of scalp electrocorticography, as well as their clinical applications and limitations in pediatric epilepsy.The article emphasizes the significant clinical utility of HFOs in localizing the epileptogenic zone, assessing the severity of epilepsy, evaluating treatment efficacy, detecting susceptibility to epilepsy, and predicting epileptic seizures.