Objective To investigate the mechanisms modulating the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and suppressing the activation and proliferation of T cells by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).Methods Mouse splenic DCs were purified with CD11c+ immunomagnetic beads and the purity of isolated DCs were detected by flow cytometry.Gene chip was used to detect gene expression in DCs after stimulation with TGF-β, and then real-time PCR was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes in microarray at mRNA level.The activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells which were co-cultured with DCs after stimulation with TGF-β were detected by flow cytometry.Results The purity of DCs reached over 95% after isolation.TGF-β down-regulated the expression of cell surface markers CD53, CD69, CD33, CD74 and CD93 on DCs;decreased the expression of chemokines Ccl3, Ccl5, Ccl9, Ccl6, Ccl17, Cxcl10, Ccl22, Ccl4, Ccr7, Ccl2, Cxcl9 and Ccl7;inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-2ra, IL-12rb2, IL-15ra, IL-1b and IL-15.Moreover, the DCs-mediated activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells were suppressed by TGF-β.Conclusion TGF-β inhibits the DCs-mediated activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells by suppressing the expression of surface markers on DCs and down-regulating the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines.

Abstract A chiral separation and residue determination method for cis-epoxiconazole enantiomers in apple, grape and tea samples was developed and validated by ultra performance convergence chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( UPC2-QTOF/MS) . The Chrial CCA column was used to separate cis-epoxiconazole enantiomers and the chromatography conditions ( mobile phase modifier and proportion, column temperature, automated backpressure regulator, and auxiliary solvent ) were optimized. Samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and respectively purified by Cleanert TPT or Pesti-Carb solid phase extraction ( SPE ) columns, then analyzed by UPC2-QTOF/MS. The optimum conditions were as follows:mobile phase was CO2/isopropanol (95: 5, V/V), flow-rate was 2. 0 mL/min, automated backpressure regulator (ABPR) was 13. 79 MPa, column temperature was 30℃, with a post-column mauxiliary solvent of methanol/water (1:1, V/V) containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate. The analyte was quantified by matrix external standard method. The results showed that linear range of this method was 0. 01-1. 00 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients were above 0 . 99 . The recoveries of cis-epoxiconazole enantiomers at three spiked levels (0. 005, 0. 025 and 0. 25 mg/kg) in fruit matrix were 67. 9%-92. 8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) less than 10%, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of enantiomers was 0. 005 mg/kg. The recoveries of cis-epoxiconazole enantiomers at three spiked levels (0. 01, 0. 05 and 0. 5 mg/kg) in black tea were 74 . 1% -84 . 0% with RSDs ( n=6 ) less than 8%, and the LOQ for these two enantiomers was 0. 01 mg/kg. This method is rapid, convenient and reliable, and could meet the requirement of residue analysis.

Objective: To explore the effects and mechanism of humble leadership on organizational trust and voice behavior of nursing staff. Methods: A total of 249 questionnaires were collected with a questionnaire survey, the effective response rate was 91.54%. The structural equation model was used to test the relationship between variables. Results: The humble leadership had a significantly positive influence on the organizational trust (β= 0.46, P<0.01) and voice behavior (β= 0.63, P<0.01) of nursing staffs, organizational trust played the partial mediating effect (β= 0.29, P<0.01). Conclusion A nursing manager who is good at humble behavior can promote organizational trust among the subordinate nursing team, which in turn, directly and indirectly enhances their positive voice behavior.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of combining simultaneous triple semicircular canal plugging (TSCP) and cochlear implantation (CI) to treat vertigo and hearing loss in advanced Meniere's disease(MD) patients, so as to provide an alternative surgical procedure for treating this disorder. Methods: Data from seven patients, who were referred to our hospital and diagnosed with unilateral MD strictly meeting the criteria issued by Chinese Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee (2006), from Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016, were retrospectively analyzed in this work. Seven patients, in whom the standardized conservative treatment had been given for at least one year and frequent vertigo still occurred, underwent simultaneous TSCP and CI under general anesthesia via mastoid approach. Postoperative follow-up time was more than six months. Vertigo control and auditory function were measured. Pure tone audiometry, speech perception scores, caloric test, head impulse test (HIT), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) were performed for evaluation of audiological and vestibular functions. Results: All patients had bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss preoperatively. One side hearing loss was due to MD and another side was due to reasons including sudden sensorineural hearing loss, mumps and other unknown reason. The total control rate of vertigo in seven MD patients was 100.0% in the six-month follow-up, with complete control rate of 85.7% (6/7) and substantial control rate of 14.3% (1/7). Improved hearing threshold and speech perception scores were observed in all study participants. Postoperative average aided hearing threshold was 32.5 dBHL, the average monosyllabic word score was 42.6% and speech perception scores of sentences tested in quiet was 52.3%. Tinnitus improved in five cases, and no significant change in two patients. Post-operatively, all patients suffered from temporary vertigo and balance disorders. Vertigo was disappeared in all patients within 3-5 days, while, an average recovery time of balance disorders was 19.7 days. Six months after treatment, loss of semicircular canal function by caloric test was found in the operation side of all patients and no change in cVEMP or oVEMP test was noted. All patients had no facial paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and other complications. Conclusions A combined approach of TSCP and CI which could control vertigo effectively and improve hearing loss and tinnitus represents an effective and safe therapy for some advanced MD patients.