ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cholinesterase inhibitor on endotoxin-induced brain injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-one healthy male rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups ( n ＝ 7each):group sham operation (group S),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and cholinesterase inhibitor (tacrine hydrochloride,THA) group.LPS 200 μg/kg was intracerebroventricularly injected in LPS group,LPS 200μg/kgand tacrine hydrochloride 150 μg/kg were injected in THA group,while same volume of normal saline was injected in S group.Then blood and tissue samples were collected in different groups after 4 hours.Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activity of brain tissues was determined by using Western blot analysis.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The brain tissue's myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the ratio of wet to dry weight (W/D) were also analyzed.ResultsAs compared with S group,TNF-α level in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues,NF-κB p65 level,MPO activity and W/D ratio increased in LPS and THA groups (P < 0.05).When compared with LPS group,TNF-α level in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues,NF-κB p65 level,MPO activity and W/D ratio decreased in THA group ( P < 0.05 ).ConclusionCholinesterase inhibitor can attenuate the endotoxin-induced brain injury through inhibiting local inflammatory responses.

AIM: To detect the serum proteomic patterns in patients of breast cancer by the method of SELDI-TOF-MS and CM10 ProteinChip, and to screen the biomarker candidates, build and validate the diagnostic models, and evaluate its clinical value in surveillance and follow-up after operation. METHODS: The SELDI-TOF-MS technology and CM10 ProteinChip were used to detect the proteomic patterns of serum from 63 breast cancer patients and 40 healthy women. The biomarker candidates were screened and the diagnostic models were constructed by ZJU-PDAS software. Meanwhile, the model was blind-validated in another 23 patients and 20 healthy women. At the same time, 16 serum samples were detected to evaluate its value in surveillance and follow-up after operation. RESULTS: The best model was composed by two protein peaks (BC1/3.9 kD and BC2/5.6 kD) with its sensitivity and specificity of 87.30% (55/63) and 95.00% (38/40), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in the blind-validation of new cases were 95.65% (22/23) and 85.00% (17/20), respectively. The diagnostic efficacies were the same to the patients of different stages (P>0.05). The expression of BC1 increased while BC2 decreased after operation. The expression of BC2 in the patients with recurrence or metastasis was higher than that in the tumor-free survivors (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This method shows its potential in detection, surveillance and follow-up after operation. The method is also useful for screening the novel and better biomarkers in breast cancer.

a greater impact,which could account for some pathophysiological changes caused by catch-up growth.

Adult ; Blast Injuries ; etiology ; therapy ; Burns ; etiology ; therapy ; Explosions ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective:To confirm the potential of growth-related gene productβ(GROβ) as a biomarker for colorectal cancer. Methods:Serum GROβlevels in 123 subjects with colorectal cancer, 88 healthy controls, and 125 subjects with other diseases were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in all subjects were measured using immunoluminometric assay. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the associa-tions between serum GROβlevels and clinical parameters for colorectal cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of GROβ, CEA, and CA19-9 were analyzed. Results:The serum GROβlevels were higher in patients with colorectal cancer (median=96.15 pg/mL) than in the healthy controls (median=43.28 pg/mL, P<0.01) and in patients with other diseases (median=57.30 pg/mL, P<0.01). The serum GROβlevels in patients with colorectal cancer were positively correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis staging (P<0.01) and depth of infiltration (P<0.05), but not with the histological grade, tumor embolus, lymph node metastasis, gross pathologic tu-mor type, or gender of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay for serum GROβwere 56.1%(69/123) and 95.31%(203/213), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity was 22.2%(4/18) for stage I and 66.7%(26/39) for stage II when the data of GROβwere combined with the data of CEA and CA19-9. The ROC curve constructed with the data of GROβ(0.834) was larger than that construct-ed with the data of CEA (0.739) or CA19-9 (0.676) for discriminating colorectal cancer from the matched controls. Conclusion:These preliminary results indicated that the serum GROβlevel could be a useful biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnoses.

Objective To investigate the alteration of C/EBP α,C/EBP β and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related molecules (IRE1α and sXBP1) expression in pancreatic tissues in rats with hypertriglyceridemia related acute pancreatitis.Methods Ninety six Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups:control group,hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) group (n =24,fed with high fat diet for 2 weeks),AP group (n =24),HTG + AP group (n =24),and AP was induced by peritoneal injection of cerulein.The rats were sacrificed at 3,6,9,24 h after AP induction,respectively.The pathological changes of the pancreatic tissues were observed and scored by HE staining.Plasma levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA.The expression of IRE1α,sXBP1,C/EBPoα,C/EBPβ mRNA were analyzed by real time PCR.The expressions of IRE1α,sXBP1,NF-kB,C/EBPα and C/EBPβ protein were determined by Western Blot.The expressions of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ proteins were also determined by immunohitochemistry.Results After two weeks of high fat diet,serum levels of triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in HTG group,HTG + AP group were much higher than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The pancreatic tissue injury was more severe in HTG + AP group,particularly at 9 h (P ＜ 0.05).And plasma IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also much higher in HTG + AP group when compared with that of AP group,the differences were all significant at 9 h (P=0.011;P=0.034;P =0.027).After AP induction,IRE1,sXBP1,C/EBP and C/EBPβ mRNA began to be up-regulated at 3 h,and IRE1 mRNA reached the highest level at 24 h,sXBP1 mRNA at 9 h,while C/EBP and C/EBPβ mRNA reached the highest level at 6 h.Compared with AP group,IRE1,sXBP1,C/EBP and C/EBPβ mRNA levels were much higher in HTG + AP group.In addition,as to IRE1 and sXBP1 mRNA,the difference was significant at 3,6,9,24 h,and C/EBP mRNA at 6,9,24 h,C/EBPβ mRNA at 6 and 9 h (P ＜ 0.05).After AP induction,IRE1α,sXBP1 and NF-kB proteins in the pancreatic tissue began to be up-regulated at 3 h,and all reached the highest level at 9 h.IRE1α,sXBP1 and NF-kB proteins were up-regulated more obviously in HTG + AP group,and the up-regulation in HTG + AP group was higher than that in AP group,and the high expressions of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ proteins could only be detected at 6 and 9 h in the HTG + AP group,while there was no expression detected in AP group.Conclusions C/EBPα,C/EBPβ,IRE1α and sXBP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of HTG related AP,and IRE1α/sXBP1 pathway and C/EBPoα,C/EBPβ may mediate the pathologic injury and inflammation process of HTG related AP.

BACKGROUND:The mechanical characteristics of intramedul ary and intramedul ary fixations for treating intertrochanteric fracture were hot research of finite element, but there was few comparative research on tension side and pressure side of proximal femur. In our study, we found that the distribution of the stress zone was important indication to researches on intertrochanteric fracture and internal fixation design. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of intramedul ary and extramedul ary fixations for treating intertrochanteric fracture on pressure side and tensile side of proximal femur. METHODS:CT scan and Mimics modeling of volunteer’s femur were conducted, and the model Evans type I intertrochanteric fracture was constructed and treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation and dynamic hip screw respectively. The stress condition of proximal femur in weight status was simulated. The Abaqus 6.13 was used for finite element analysis, and the tension side and pressure side of proximal femur in both fixations were also analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The stresses of compressive side and tensile side in proximal femoral nail antirotation group were both less than that in dynamic hip screw group. The stress of proximal femur in proximal femoral nail antirotation group was more similar to that in physiological status. (2) These findings verified that for treating intertrochanteric fracture, intramedul ary fixation exerted better mechanical behavior than extramedul ary fixation. The protection of compressive side and tensile side of proximal femur had achieved by intramedul ary fixation.

Objective To analyze and compare two potency assay methods of protamine sulfate.Methods Heparin titration method was according to foreign pharmacopoeia,while biological assay method was according to China pharmacopoeia(2015).Results The absorbance at the end-point was stable at 0.10 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL test solutions.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)of potency results were all less than 5%.Three test solutions and volumes of the titrant had a good linear relationship(R2 =1.000).The results of titration method were significantly related to those of biological assay(P=0.013),with similar RSD(P>0.05).However,the potency of titration method were significantly lower than those of biological assay (P=0.045).Conclusion Heparin titration method is good-using,convenient,and need to be applied widely at home.

Objective To develop an assay to determine Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, ofloxacin and amikacin by pyrosequencing and evaluate the value of this method in clinical application. Methods Eighty-nine clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from tuberculosis patients were collected from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital during 2008 to 2009. All strains were isolated from decontaminated sputum, cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media and identified by traditional biochemical tests with standard methods. Ten Mycobacterium tuberculosis were selected from the strain bank of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. The optimal conditions of detection of rpoB, katG, gyrA and rrs gene by pyroseuencing were determined, using the 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains whose drug susceptibility of Bactec 960 and sequence of rpoB, katG, gyrA, rrs gene were known. Then the drug susceptibility of 89 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate strains were detected by pyrosequencing using this conditions and the results were compared with that of the Bactec 960 methods. Results The pyrosequencing program of sequence analysis was suitable for the detection of the mutations of rpoB and gyrA genes, and the program of single nucleotide polymorphism was suitable for katG and rrs genes. Among the 89 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates,when using the drug susceptibility of Bactec 960 as the standard, the sensitivity of rifampin, isoniazid,ofloxacin and amikacin is 98.0%, 64. 1%, 79.5%, 78. 3% respectively, the specificity is 97.5%,100. 0%, 90. 0%, 100. 0% respectively, the accuracy is 97.8%, 77. 5%, 85.4%, 94. 4% respectively,tested by pyrosequencing. The results of the detection of resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, ofloxacin and amikacin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using pyrosequencing technique were almost the same with that of Bactec 960, and Kappa ≥0. 7 in each detection. Conclusion Pyrosequencing is thus a rapid, accurate and high throughput method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to these four drugs.

The release kinetics research of sustained-release formulations of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) is an inalienable part of the chain of TCM modernization, which plays an important role in the development of modern compound TCM preparation. However, the research method or pattern in line with the specific characteristics of TCM, i.e., multi-component and multi-target, is still lacking. On the basis of material rough set theory, this paper reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing evaluation patterns and methods, a tentative idea about the "total amount" release characteristics evaluation on TCM compound sustained-release preparation has suggested so as to evaluate the release kinetics and to promote the development of evaluation methodology on TCM sustained-release preparations.