Objective To assess the leading causes of death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) due to non-communicable disease (NCD) in China.Methods World Health Report 2004 published by the World Health Organization (WHO) was reviewed,including total deaths,deaths per 100 000,agestandardized death rate per 100 000,total DALYs,DALYs per 100 000 and age-standardized DALYs per 100 000 by cause and by member state.Diseases or injuries were assigned to three levels:communicable diseases,NCD and injuries (the first level); categories of disease or injure (the second level); specific diseases (the third level).R2.15 was used for data analysis.Results NCD causes 737.6 million deaths,141million total DALY years,627 age standardized mortality per 100 000,and 10 829 age-standardized DALYs per 100 000.NCD account for 79.4％ and 70.3％ total death or all-cause DALYs.Conclusions Cardiovascular disease,malignant neoplasm and respiratory disease were the leading causes of death,while neuropsychiatric disorder,cardiovascular disease and sense organ disease were the most important causes of DALYs.Among China,the United Kingdom,the United States,Canada,Japan,Korea and India,China ranked second in age-standardized mortality rate of chronic disease.DALYs of esophagus cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 6 or 2 times of world average level.Besides,the increasing trend in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus remains impressive.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Granuloma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Interventional ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To detect the genetic amplification and protein expression characteristics of aurora-A in ovarian cancer and to interpret the role of aurora-A gene in course of onset,progression and regression phases of ovarian cancer.Methods The amplification of aurora-A gene was detected by quantitative PCR in 6 normal ovarian tissues and 8 ovarian cancer samples,and its protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 6 normal ovarian tissues and 40 ovarian cancer samples,furthermore,the relationships between over-expression of aurora-A protein in ovarian cancer tissue and its pathologic classification,tissue differentiation,clinical phase,tumor proliferation trait and prognosis were analyzed.Results Quantitive PCR showed that aurora-A mRNA was significantly higher in 8 ovarian cancer samples than that in normal ovarian tissues(P0.05).Conclusion There are abnormal amplification and protein over-expression of aurora-A in ovarian cancer tissue,aurora-A probably play an important role in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer,and the novel biological treatment concerning aurora-A gene and its protein is probably a useful route for curing tumor.

Objective To study the effects caused by novel antipsychotics quetiapine and aripiprazole on concentrations of platelet 5-HT in patients with schizophrenia,and to explore the relationships among the change of platelet 5-HT concentrations, psychiatric symptoms and the sensitivity of therapy. Methods Sixty-eight patients with schizophrenia meeting International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) were enrolled in the study. They were divided into quetiapine group(n=34) and aripiprazole group(n=34) according to the sequence of admis-sion. The platelet 5-HT concentrations were measured with high performance liquid chromatography method(HPLC-ECD). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychopathology. Treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) was used to evaluate the side effects. PANSS,TESS were used at pre-treatment,the end of 4th and 8th week of treatment. Results The platelet 5-HT concentrations in two groups were higher af-ter 8 weeks treatment,but had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). In quetiapine group, the platelet 5-HT concentration was (458.89±233.36) ng/10~9 at the pre-treatment, and (554.31±313.22) ng/10~9 at the end of treatment (t=1.709, P=0.099). In aripiprazole group, the platelet 5-HT concentration was (409.83±149.32)ng/10~9 at the pretreatment, and (421.27±245.96)ng/10~9 at the end of treatment (t=0.321, P=0.819). There was no difference between two groups(P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed the changing rate of platelet 5-HT concentrations was positively correlated with the dosage of quetiapine (r=0.385, P=0.039).It was positively correlated with the decreasing rate of PANSS in aripiprazole group(r=0.391, P=0.040). Con-dusion The changes of psychiatric symptoms and the dosages of antipsychotics maybe have intimate relationships with platelet 5-HT concentrations in the course of medication.

Objective To develop a dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method for rapid detection of enterovirus(EV)and en terovirus type 71(EV71).Methods Specific primers and probes were designed and the dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR reaction system was established.The quantitative standard curve was drawn;its sensitivity and precision were evaluated.Feces and throat swab specimens of 109 clinical patients with hand foot and mouth disease were collected and tested by using this method.Then the obtained results were compared with those detected by commercial EV71 PCR kit.Results The relative coefficient(2)of EV and EV71 standard curve established by the dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method were both 0.998.Its sensitivity reached 0.5 TCID50/mL for detecting EV and 0.05 TCID50/mL for detecting EV71.The within-run precision for detecting EV and EV71 was ＜3％ and total precision≤4％.The results showed good specificity for the detection of enterovirus and non-enterovirus.In 109 detected clinical samples,84 cases of EV positive samples were detected,in which 56 cases were EV71 positive with the total positive rate of 51.4 ％,which was consistent with the result of simple fluorescent RT-PCR commercialization kit(P=1.000).Conclusion The established dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method has high sensitivity and good stability,which has an important significance for early high throughput rapid diagnosis of hand foot and mouth disease.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; pharmacology ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; metabolism ; physiology ; Rats ; Ventricular Function ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect,safety,and advantage of flexible fixation with paperboard and pad versus short leg plaster in treating the fifth metatarsal base fracture,and establish the standard of diagnosis and treatment of the fifth metatarsal base fractures in flexible fixation with paperboard and pad.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to March 2013,59 patients with the fifth metatarsal base fracture were treated with paperboard and pad fixation or short leg plaster. Patients were enrolled and divided into paperboard and pad treatment group (paperboard group) and short leg plaster treatment group (plaster group) randomly according to the random number table. In paperboard group,there were 29 cases including 9 males and 20 females with an average age of (51.79±11.40) years old; the average course of injury was (11.59±6.58) hours. In plaster group, there were 30 cases including 9 males and 21 females with an average age of (52.13+17.34) years old ;the average course of injury was (11.03±7.06) hours. According to whether the fracture line across the articular surface, in paperboard group there were 14 cases of type A,15 of type B; in plaster group,16 of type A, 14 of type B. According to the degree of dislocation,in paperboard group there were 16 cases of degree I ,13 of degree II ; in plaster group,20 were degree I ,10 were degree II. Fracture was restored according to the type in manual. Patients in paperboard group were treated with paperboard and pad, and patients in plaster group were treated with short leg plaster. Fracture was fixed for 4 to 6 weeks according to fracture healing. On the 2nd, 4th,6th, 8th week and 3rd, 6th month after fixation, patients were followed up, and the foot function score was used to evaluate the function of injured foot. X-ray of injured foot was taken on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week were used to assess fracture healing.

RESULTSAll patients got complete follow-up. The X-ray result showed that all fracture reached at clinical healing on the 8th week after fixation without skin ulcer,nonunion and displacement of fracture. From the 4th to 8th week after fixation, paperboard group had a higher X-ray score than plaster group, but the difference between two groups had no statistically significance. Repeated analysis result showed that there was interact at different time point and between groups,the difference had statistically significance (P<0.01). The foot function score showed that at all time point, paperboard group had a higher score than plaster group, and on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week, it had statistically significant difference(P<0.01) between two groups. On the 6th months after fixation,the excellent and good rate of paperboard group was 93.10%, higher than that of plaster group, which was 86.67%. But it had no statistically difference(P=0.483) between two groups.

CONCLUSIONUsing paperboard and pad fixation to treat the fifth metatarsal base fracture has the advantage of simplicity operating,reliable fixation, satisfactory effects, easily obtainable material.

Adult ; Aged ; Casts, Surgical ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the influence of studying in the elderly university on the cognitive function for elderly. Methods Elderly university group (EUG) was consised of 105 subjects aged ≥60 who studied in the elderly university for one year. Controlled group(CG) was consisted of 105 elderly over 60 years of age who were siblings for subjects and would not studied in elderly university. Meanwhile, it was excluded if they were working. Two groups were excluded depression patients before study. The assessment tools were composed of Center for epidemiological survey of depression scale (CES-D), activity of daily living scale(ADL), mini-mental state examination (MMSE)and Wechsler's adult intelligence scale(WAIS). There were no significant statistics difference in scales of CES-D, ADL, MMSE and WAIS between two groups. Results There were no significant statistics difference of CES-D, ADL and MMSE between two groups after a year, however, the scales of ADL for controlled group after one year was higher than that before one year( t = 2. 191, P = 0.031 ). The MMSE mark shows one(0.95% )sustain cognitive impairment in EUG after one year; meanwhile there were six elders of (5.77%)come up to critical value of cognitive impairment in CG, the difference was almost statistical significance (P=0. 058 ). The WAIS mark demonstrated the total scale, VQ scale and PQ scale was declining. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were (110.3 ±8.2 )and (110.9 ±7.7) respectively. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were ( 107.8 ± 9.6 ) and ( 107.9 ± 13.4 ) respectively. There were significant difference between two groups(P=0. 044, P=0. 049). Furthermore, after one year the score of total scale of WAIS in CG( 110. 6 ± 7.4 ) outstanding be lower than that one year ago(P = 0. 022 ). There was no significant means for the total scale , verbal scale and perform scale of WAIS in CEG before and after year.Conclusion The program of continue education may play a positive role to stay or to improve the descending of the cognitive function in the elderly.

To set up a method of amplification for the whole CagA gene of Helicobacter pylori and its fingerprinting by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), nested PCR was employed in combination with TD-PCR to amplify the gene and EcoRI and Hind III were used to generate the RFLP fingerprinting. Target DNA fragments from 13 of 20 samples were successfully amplified and the relevant RFLP fingerprintings were obtained. It is concluded that the method can be used to amplify the whole CagA gene and CagA gene has apparent diversity of RFLP profile.
Antigens, Bacterial/*genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; Gene Amplification/*genetics ; Helicobacter pylori/*genetics ; Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification ; *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Objective To explore the clinical characteristic of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN) induced by the antithyroid agents[propylthiouracil(PTU) and methimazole(MMI)].Methods The analysis was made according to the drug histories,clinical manifestation,serology investigations,renal biopsy in 2 children.Results Two cases presented with gross hematuria,proteinuria and renal dysfunction.One case with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-positive and vasculitis lesion with cresent in the renal biopsy;another presented with mesengial proliferation and cresent.They both had been diagnosed RPGN induced by antithyroid agents for 5 years because of Graves disease.The treatment included that PTU and MMI were withdrawn and then combined prednisone with mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)were applied.One year after treatment,the urine analysis and renal function returned to normal.Conclusions The antithyroid agents may induce RPGN.A early diagnosis and immunosuppressive therapy can improve its prognosis of the disease.