Objective To assess the leading causes of death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) due to non-communicable disease (NCD) in China.Methods World Health Report 2004 published by the World Health Organization (WHO) was reviewed,including total deaths,deaths per 100 000,agestandardized death rate per 100 000,total DALYs,DALYs per 100 000 and age-standardized DALYs per 100 000 by cause and by member state.Diseases or injuries were assigned to three levels:communicable diseases,NCD and injuries (the first level); categories of disease or injure (the second level); specific diseases (the third level).R2.15 was used for data analysis.Results NCD causes 737.6 million deaths,141million total DALY years,627 age standardized mortality per 100 000,and 10 829 age-standardized DALYs per 100 000.NCD account for 79.4％ and 70.3％ total death or all-cause DALYs.Conclusions Cardiovascular disease,malignant neoplasm and respiratory disease were the leading causes of death,while neuropsychiatric disorder,cardiovascular disease and sense organ disease were the most important causes of DALYs.Among China,the United Kingdom,the United States,Canada,Japan,Korea and India,China ranked second in age-standardized mortality rate of chronic disease.DALYs of esophagus cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 6 or 2 times of world average level.Besides,the increasing trend in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus remains impressive.

Objective To study the effects caused by novel antipsychotics quetiapine and aripiprazole on concentrations of platelet 5-HT in patients with schizophrenia,and to explore the relationships among the change of platelet 5-HT concentrations, psychiatric symptoms and the sensitivity of therapy. Methods Sixty-eight patients with schizophrenia meeting International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) were enrolled in the study. They were divided into quetiapine group(n=34) and aripiprazole group(n=34) according to the sequence of admis-sion. The platelet 5-HT concentrations were measured with high performance liquid chromatography method(HPLC-ECD). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychopathology. Treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) was used to evaluate the side effects. PANSS,TESS were used at pre-treatment,the end of 4th and 8th week of treatment. Results The platelet 5-HT concentrations in two groups were higher af-ter 8 weeks treatment,but had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). In quetiapine group, the platelet 5-HT concentration was (458.89±233.36) ng/10~9 at the pre-treatment, and (554.31±313.22) ng/10~9 at the end of treatment (t=1.709, P=0.099). In aripiprazole group, the platelet 5-HT concentration was (409.83±149.32)ng/10~9 at the pretreatment, and (421.27±245.96)ng/10~9 at the end of treatment (t=0.321, P=0.819). There was no difference between two groups(P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed the changing rate of platelet 5-HT concentrations was positively correlated with the dosage of quetiapine (r=0.385, P=0.039).It was positively correlated with the decreasing rate of PANSS in aripiprazole group(r=0.391, P=0.040). Con-dusion The changes of psychiatric symptoms and the dosages of antipsychotics maybe have intimate relationships with platelet 5-HT concentrations in the course of medication.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; pharmacology ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; metabolism ; physiology ; Rats ; Ventricular Function ; physiology

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Granuloma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Interventional ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To detect the genetic amplification and protein expression characteristics of aurora-A in ovarian cancer and to interpret the role of aurora-A gene in course of onset,progression and regression phases of ovarian cancer.Methods The amplification of aurora-A gene was detected by quantitative PCR in 6 normal ovarian tissues and 8 ovarian cancer samples,and its protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 6 normal ovarian tissues and 40 ovarian cancer samples,furthermore,the relationships between over-expression of aurora-A protein in ovarian cancer tissue and its pathologic classification,tissue differentiation,clinical phase,tumor proliferation trait and prognosis were analyzed.Results Quantitive PCR showed that aurora-A mRNA was significantly higher in 8 ovarian cancer samples than that in normal ovarian tissues(P0.05).Conclusion There are abnormal amplification and protein over-expression of aurora-A in ovarian cancer tissue,aurora-A probably play an important role in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer,and the novel biological treatment concerning aurora-A gene and its protein is probably a useful route for curing tumor.

Objective To develop a dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method for rapid detection of enterovirus(EV)and en terovirus type 71(EV71).Methods Specific primers and probes were designed and the dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR reaction system was established.The quantitative standard curve was drawn;its sensitivity and precision were evaluated.Feces and throat swab specimens of 109 clinical patients with hand foot and mouth disease were collected and tested by using this method.Then the obtained results were compared with those detected by commercial EV71 PCR kit.Results The relative coefficient(2)of EV and EV71 standard curve established by the dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method were both 0.998.Its sensitivity reached 0.5 TCID50/mL for detecting EV and 0.05 TCID50/mL for detecting EV71.The within-run precision for detecting EV and EV71 was ＜3％ and total precision≤4％.The results showed good specificity for the detection of enterovirus and non-enterovirus.In 109 detected clinical samples,84 cases of EV positive samples were detected,in which 56 cases were EV71 positive with the total positive rate of 51.4 ％,which was consistent with the result of simple fluorescent RT-PCR commercialization kit(P=1.000).Conclusion The established dual real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method has high sensitivity and good stability,which has an important significance for early high throughput rapid diagnosis of hand foot and mouth disease.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect,safety,and advantage of flexible fixation with paperboard and pad versus short leg plaster in treating the fifth metatarsal base fracture,and establish the standard of diagnosis and treatment of the fifth metatarsal base fractures in flexible fixation with paperboard and pad.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to March 2013,59 patients with the fifth metatarsal base fracture were treated with paperboard and pad fixation or short leg plaster. Patients were enrolled and divided into paperboard and pad treatment group (paperboard group) and short leg plaster treatment group (plaster group) randomly according to the random number table. In paperboard group,there were 29 cases including 9 males and 20 females with an average age of (51.79±11.40) years old; the average course of injury was (11.59±6.58) hours. In plaster group, there were 30 cases including 9 males and 21 females with an average age of (52.13+17.34) years old ;the average course of injury was (11.03±7.06) hours. According to whether the fracture line across the articular surface, in paperboard group there were 14 cases of type A,15 of type B; in plaster group,16 of type A, 14 of type B. According to the degree of dislocation,in paperboard group there were 16 cases of degree I ,13 of degree II ; in plaster group,20 were degree I ,10 were degree II. Fracture was restored according to the type in manual. Patients in paperboard group were treated with paperboard and pad, and patients in plaster group were treated with short leg plaster. Fracture was fixed for 4 to 6 weeks according to fracture healing. On the 2nd, 4th,6th, 8th week and 3rd, 6th month after fixation, patients were followed up, and the foot function score was used to evaluate the function of injured foot. X-ray of injured foot was taken on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week were used to assess fracture healing.

RESULTSAll patients got complete follow-up. The X-ray result showed that all fracture reached at clinical healing on the 8th week after fixation without skin ulcer,nonunion and displacement of fracture. From the 4th to 8th week after fixation, paperboard group had a higher X-ray score than plaster group, but the difference between two groups had no statistically significance. Repeated analysis result showed that there was interact at different time point and between groups,the difference had statistically significance (P<0.01). The foot function score showed that at all time point, paperboard group had a higher score than plaster group, and on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week, it had statistically significant difference(P<0.01) between two groups. On the 6th months after fixation,the excellent and good rate of paperboard group was 93.10%, higher than that of plaster group, which was 86.67%. But it had no statistically difference(P=0.483) between two groups.

CONCLUSIONUsing paperboard and pad fixation to treat the fifth metatarsal base fracture has the advantage of simplicity operating,reliable fixation, satisfactory effects, easily obtainable material.

Adult ; Aged ; Casts, Surgical ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

AIM To investigate the protective effect of polydatin on ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in cardiac muscle and the possible mechanism. METHODS Langendorff technique was used to make I-R injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, polydatin(25, 50 and 75 μmol·L-1), glibenclamide(Gli, 10 μmol·L-1)+polydatin(50 μmol·L-1), 5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD, 100 μmol·L-1)+polydatin(50 μmol·L-1), and atractyloside (Atr, 20 μmol·L-1)+polydatin(50 μmol·L-1) groups. The hearts in control group were perfused with K-H solution for 110 min. Model group hearts were subjected to 30 min no-flow global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The hearts in 3 polydatin groups were perfused with K-H solution containing different concentrations of polydatin for 10 min before I-R. The hearts in Gli+polydatin and 5-HD+polydatin groups were perfused with K-H solution containing Gli or 5-HD for 5 min firstly, then perfused with K-H solution containing both polydatin and Gli or 5-HD for 10 min before I-R. The hearts in Atr+polydatin group were perfused with K-H solution containing polydatin for 10 min before I-R and perfused with K-H solution containing Atr for 15 min after I-R. The cardiac function, including left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the maximal rates of rise and decline of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), and coronary flow (CF), were recorded before, after 30 min no-flow global ischemia and, during 60 min reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was assessed using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride method and myocardial ultrastructure was observed via transmission electron microscope after 60 min reperfusion. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cardiac functional parameters between control and model groups in pre-ischemia condition. Compared with model group, polydatin promoted a better recovery of cardiac function after I-R in a concentration-dependent manner. After 60 min of reperfusion, the values of LVDP, ±dp/dtmax and CF in polydatin groups were much higher, but LVEDP was lower than those in model group. Polydatin (50 μmol·L-1) also significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and relieved the I-R injury of myocardial ultrastructure. The protective effects of polydatin (50 μmol·L-1) on LVDP, LVEDP, ±dp/dtmax and CF, as well as the inhibitory effect on infarct size after I-R were abolished by Gli, 5-HD and Atr. CONCLUSION Polydatin has protective effect against I-R injury in rat hearts, which may be related with the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channel located in both cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane, as well as inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.

Objective To explore the influence of studying in the elderly university on the cognitive function for elderly. Methods Elderly university group (EUG) was consised of 105 subjects aged ≥60 who studied in the elderly university for one year. Controlled group(CG) was consisted of 105 elderly over 60 years of age who were siblings for subjects and would not studied in elderly university. Meanwhile, it was excluded if they were working. Two groups were excluded depression patients before study. The assessment tools were composed of Center for epidemiological survey of depression scale (CES-D), activity of daily living scale(ADL), mini-mental state examination (MMSE)and Wechsler's adult intelligence scale(WAIS). There were no significant statistics difference in scales of CES-D, ADL, MMSE and WAIS between two groups. Results There were no significant statistics difference of CES-D, ADL and MMSE between two groups after a year, however, the scales of ADL for controlled group after one year was higher than that before one year( t = 2. 191, P = 0.031 ). The MMSE mark shows one(0.95% )sustain cognitive impairment in EUG after one year; meanwhile there were six elders of (5.77%)come up to critical value of cognitive impairment in CG, the difference was almost statistical significance (P=0. 058 ). The WAIS mark demonstrated the total scale, VQ scale and PQ scale was declining. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were (110.3 ±8.2 )and (110.9 ±7.7) respectively. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were ( 107.8 ± 9.6 ) and ( 107.9 ± 13.4 ) respectively. There were significant difference between two groups(P=0. 044, P=0. 049). Furthermore, after one year the score of total scale of WAIS in CG( 110. 6 ± 7.4 ) outstanding be lower than that one year ago(P = 0. 022 ). There was no significant means for the total scale , verbal scale and perform scale of WAIS in CEG before and after year.Conclusion The program of continue education may play a positive role to stay or to improve the descending of the cognitive function in the elderly.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on pneumocyte apoptosis and the expression of HSFT0 after lung isehemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats and discuss its possible mechanism of extenu-ating ischemia-repedusion injury. Method Thirtysix male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups [ sham operation(SO ) group, ischemia-teperfusion(L/R) group, and ischemic preconditioning(IP) group],twelve in each group. Lung croas-clamping was used to build the L/R model. In IP group, three cycles of 5-minute-ischemia + 5-minute-reperfusion were given to the pulmonary artery before the procedure. Sham operation rats had a thoracotomy only. Two hours(or five hours) reperfusion was given to both L/R and IP group. Tenninal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated d-UTP Nick End Labeiing(TUNEL) was used to evaluate apoptosis. Expression of HSP/0 in lung was observed by immunohistochemical stain and image analysis. Index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury(IQA), wet to dry weight ratio(W/D) were measured. The pathological change of lung tissue was observed under both hght and electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was carried out by One-way Anova. Scheffe test was used for intragroup comparison. Results The apoptosis index and expression of HSP70、W/D,IQA of hng tissue in I/R group were higher than those in the sham operation group (P<0.01). Compared with the L/R group, the apoptosis index and expression of HSP70, W/D, IQA of lung tissue significantly decreased (P<0.01), the levels of expression of HSPTO increased significantly in IP group ( P<0.01 ). The pathological and ultrastructure change of lung tissue was better in IP group than those in I/R group. Condusions Ischemic preconditioning can extenuate lung I/R injury by the possible mechanism of increasing the expression of HSPT0 which inhibits the apoptosis during lung I/R injury.