Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; ethics ; Drugs, Investigational ; Humans

Objective To improve the effects of health education(HE)and satisfaction degree on HE of inpatients by executing hierarchical full-responsibility nursing. Methods Fourteen wards were randomly chosen form the hospital and divided into the control group and the experimental group, each group having 7 wards. The control group carried out routine holistic nursing model, and the experimental group carried out a new hierarchical full-responsibility nursing system. Reforming nursing scheduling and diminishing the nursing unit to assure that the patients acquired the continous and stable nursing service when they were in hospital. The effect and the degree of satisfaction of HE were compared between two groups after 6 months. Results The effects of HE in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the degree of satisfaction on HE in the experimental group was much higher than in the control group. Conclusions The hierarchical full-responsibility nursing system can give patients systematic and normalized HE. It can significantly improve the effects and the degree of satisfaction on HE.

In order to establish an UPLC-MS method for determination of twelve active compounds in Qili Qiangxin capsules including astragaloside, calycosin-7-0-glucoside, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rf, periplocin, periplocoside H1, hesperidin, narirutin, isoquercitrin, the chromatographic separations were performedon a Phenomenex UPLC Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 2.6 microm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acidat a flow rate of 0.4 mL x min(-1). The temperature was set as 40 degrees C and injection volume was 5 microL. The monitoring of all analytes was achieved under the negative ionization mode with TOF-MS and TOF-MS/MS method. The twelve analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9990) within the test ranges, the average recoveries were 98.0%-102%, respectively, and the RSD were less than 3.9%, respectively. The established method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, and can be used for quality control of Qili Qiangxin capsules.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering plays a very important role in the repair of bone defects, which can deliver bioactive substances, promote bone tissue growth and repair bone defects. Bone scaffolds act as one of the three elements of bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can achieve individualized bone tissue repair through customized artificial bone preparation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biological characteristics of several commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffolds and to explore the application of 3D printing technique in the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.METHODS: The literatures of PubMed and Wanfang database related to bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and 3D printing technology were retrieved from 2005 to 2016. The Keywords were tissue engineering scaffold, bone defects,polymer materials, bioceramics, metal materials, composite materials, 3D printing in English and Chinese, respectively,which would appear simultaneously in title and abstract. Repetitive articles were excluded and finally 65 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffold materials include polymer materials (natural and macromolecule polymeric materials), bioceramics, and metal materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, composite materials made of different materials can compensate for the shortcomings of a single material, and then developed into new tissue engineering scaffold materials. For the tissue engineering bone production, 3D printing technologies include melt deposition technology, selective laser sintering technology, low temperature deposition manufacturing technology, and etc. When the 3D printing technology is used to prepare a bone tissue engineering scaffold, the use of powder or adhesive must have limited conditions, such as flowability, stability and wettability. Powder materials used for 3D printing can be divided into synthetic polymers, natural macromolecules,bioceramics and their mixtures, with different advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, the bone engineering scaffolds produced by 3D printing technology have unique advantages in mechanics, structure and individuality, and have wide application prospect in the manufacture of bone scaffolds.

Purpose:Taking tuberculosis as an example, this paper aims at to analyzing the level of reimburse-ment for infectious diseases care, and clarifying the government responsibility. Methods:In order to achieve the ob-jective of this research, UHC framework was used to analyze the security level. Result:The findings of this research reveal that TB in-patients' Compensation Ratio of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme ( NCMS) was lower than aver-age level of all the NCMS patients, the out-patients' was even lower. The categories of anti-tuberculotic for free was limited, the utilization was not as expected. Medical assistance covered few people in spite of its high level of reim-bursement. Conclusion:Based on the findings of this review, it has been revealed that the medical insurance didn't make a big difference in financial protection for patients with infectious diseases. As the treatment for of infectious diseases is a quasi-public good, the government has to shoulder the responsibility of improving the compensation ratio of the patients.

Objective To investigate the percentages of Th17 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T(Tr) cells and the levels of related cytokines IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β in serum of patients with anlylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods Forty patients with AS and 37 age-matched healthy donors were studied.Flow cytometry Was used to analyze the percentages of blood Th17 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tr cells.The levels of serum IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA).Results The proportion of Th17 cells in AS group was significantly higher than those in normal group [ (1.02±0.34)％ vs (0.68±0.29)％,P＜0.05) ],and the proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells was lower in AS group comparing with normal group [(3.77±0.81)％ vs (4.69±1.23)％,P＜0.05)].Meanwhile,serum levels of IL-6,IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly higher in AS group than those in normal group [ (6,15±2.71) ng/L vs (3.31±1.65) ng/L; (9.44±3.12) ng/ml vs (5.82±2.61) ng/ml;(10.53±4.97) ng/L vs (6.78±3.26) ng/L,all P＜0.01 ].In contrast,TGF-β level was decreased in AS group compares with the normal group [ ( 4.76±2.15) ng/ml vs (5.16±2.02) ng/ml,P＞0.05 ],but the difference was not significant.No associations of serum eytokine levels with clinical and laboratory parameters were found in AS.Conclusion The abnormality Th17 cells and Tr cells and their related cytokines IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β changes in patients with AS,which may be involved in immunological pathogenesis of AS.

Objective To identify the steps with potentially higher risk through the analysis of human factors in clinical PET application so as to provide the efficient measures to reduce the risk of potential exposures.Methods The basic data were obtained through field investigation, questionnaire,failure mode, risk identification, FMECA and expert's evaluation, with statistical analysis made.Comparison was made of the relative risk values of automatic encapsulation equipment and manual encapsulation ones.Results The 10 steps with potentially higher risks were identified through analyzing human factors of clinical PET application, of which 8 occurred in the phase of chemical synthesis.The measures to control risk were addressed for the steps with higher risk.The results show that the relative risk value of the clinical process with automatic encapsulation equipment was 2.28 ± 0.99 and the one with manual encapsulation equipment was 3.20 ± 2.01 ( t = 2.56, P ＜ 0.05 ), with the latter being 76% of the former.Conclusions Failure mode and FMECA are effective in risk evaluation of clinical PET application, which can provide important basis for risk control.

AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of 1g/L bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution in the partial substitution of glucocorticoid after laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).METHODS: Totally 104 cases (208 eyes) were received LASEK, which were selected and divided into study group and control group.The study group were adopted 1g/L bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution combined with tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops and fluorometholone eye drops, the control group were adopted tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops and fluorometholone eye drops.The changes of visual acuity and intraocular pressure of two groups were recorded before and after surgery, and the score of painness and the occurrence of haze were observed after surgery.RESULTS: At postoperative 1, 2, 3d, respectively, the pain score of the study group were 1.70±0.35, 1.25±0.34, 0.82±0.32, the pain score of the control group were 2.30±0.43, 1.68±0.44, 1.12±0.33, the differences were significant (P<0.05).Before and at 2wk, 1, 3mo after surgery, respectively, uncorrected visual acuity of study group were 0.035±0.02, 0.71±0.13, 0.89±0.17, 0.88±0.18, while which of control group were 0.037±0.015, 0.73±0.15, 0.87±0.14, 0.86±0.15 (P>0.05), and the differences were not significant(P>0.05).At preoperative and postoperative 1, 2wk, 1 and 3mo of surgery, respectively, the intraocular pressure of study group were 17.33±1.58, 7.54±1.28, 7.23±1.58, 7.26±1.47, and 7.30±1.36 mmHg;the intraocular pressure of control group were 17.53±1.43,7.57±1.32,7.73±1.55,7.80±1.38,7.86±1.43 mmHg,the differences were not significant between before and at 2wk after surgery(P>0.05), the differences were significant between the two groups at 2wk, 1mo and 3mo (P<0.05).At postoperative 1, 3mo of surgery, the score of haze level of the study group were 91.7% and 93.3%, respectively and which in control group were 92.0% and 92.9%, respectively, and the differences were not significant between the two groups at every time point(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: It is safe and effective that 1g/L bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution in the partial substitution of glucocorticoid after laser subepithelial keratomileusis.The patient has a lower intraocular pressure, has similar therapeutic effect as glucocorticoid in vision and antiinflammatory.

Background Application of confocal microscopy in the investigation of ocular surface system in living eye have been greatly extended in two decades.In vivo confocal microscopy allows the evaluation of the normal or pathological tissue at the cellular level.However,seldom study about the morphology of normal in vivo human bulbar conjunetiva under the confocal microscopy was induced. Objective Present study was to analyze the appearance of normal bulbar conjunetiva cells under the in vivo confocal microscopy. Methods Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to examine the morphological characteristics of the bulbar conjunetiva in 21 eyes of 15 healthy volunteers.The parameters of confocal microscopy were as follows:resolution 1 μm,wave length 670 nm,field range 400 μm×400 μm.The epithelial cell numbers,dendritics cells density and goblet cells density from superior,inferonasal,nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva were calculated respectively and compared and imaged by the HRT3 Rostock Cornea Modual. Results The superficial epithelial cells of the bulbar conjunctiva was seen with the small cell nuclei and blur border.The borders of basal epithelial celt were clearly visible without cell nuclei.The presumed goblet cell presented with a large hyperreflective oval-shaped cell with relatively homogeneous brightness,crowed in groups or mainly dispersed.The orfices at the epithelial surface represented the goblet cells,showing some open and expel contents.The dendritic cell appeared to be hyperreflective corpuscular particles with visible processes among conjunetival epithelial cells.A few dense white fiber meshwork was exhibited in conjunctival stroma with the traverse blood vessels containing cellular elements.The superficial and basal epithelial cell densities were 2556±692and 2985±376 cells/mm2 respectively,and overall goblet and mature dendritic cells densities were 77±39 and 26±35 cells/mm2 respectively.Significant differences were proved in globet cell density and dendritic density among different conjunetival zones(P=0.001,P=0. 000),however,the alteration of conjunetival epithelium cells was insignificant in different area(P=0.204,P=0.130).Conclusion Confocal microscopy is a useful tool for the study of morphology of human bulbar conjunctiva cells in vivo.which offer a valuable aid in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of EV71 JN200804 strain infection in one-day old BALBI c mjce and to establish a animal model of EV71 infection , and to provide information and technical support for the evaluation of the EV71 vaccine and antiviral medicine.

METHODSOne-day old BALBic mice were infected with EV71 JN200804 strain through oral( PO) ,intracranial(IC) ,intraperitoneal (IP), intramuscular (IM) routes, respectively. All mice were sacrificed at paralysis of hind limbs and collected organs for viral isolation, RT -PCR and pathological examination, and the electrophysiology were detected before sacrifice.

RESULTSAll mice infected through IC, IP and IM routes were paralyzed in hind limbs at 4-5 days and died at 7 days about, the hypokinesia and lethargy of mice were observed through PO routes. The viruses could be isolated and detected in the muscle from mice infected through IC, IP and IM routes and in the spinal cord through IC routes by viral isolation and RT-PCR. The neurogenic and myogenic disorders were detected by electromyography. Histopathologically, the varied pathologic changes were observed in the mouse cerebellum , spinal cord , muscle , heart, lung, liver and kidney.

CONCLUSIONEV71 JN200804 strain can infect one-day old BALBI c mice and induce paralysis of hind limbs, its animal infection model may apply to study of EV71 infection pathogenesis and antiviral medicine, and evaluation of the EV71 vaccine.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enterovirus A, Human ; immunology ; physiology ; Enterovirus Infections ; immunology ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C