Objective: To assess the accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) with imaging reconstruction in judging bronchial involvement from central lung cancer. Methods: MSCT was done in 30 patients who were diagnosed as central lung cancer. Images of bronchi related to lobectomy or pneumonectomy were reconstructed by means of imaging processing techniques. Then the relation between tumor and bronchus was assessed prospectively with both axial CT and CT with imaging reconstruction in comparison with subsequent pathologic and surgical findings. Results: All 30 patients underwent thoracotomy, lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Total 66 bronchi were studied. Compared with axial CT images, CT with imaging reconstruction was better in judging the relation of bronchus and tumor in comparison with subsequent pathologic and surgical findings (0.01

Objective To assess the changes of left ventricule and analyze the influential factors in pulmonary hypertension (PH) by comparing the changes of left ventricular volume and function using single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography ( sRT-3DE ) and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE).Methods In case group,there were 30 inpatients diagnosed as PH,systolic pulmonary artery pressure(PASP)≥40 mmHg estimated by echocardiography,excluding left heart disease or congenital systemic-pulmonary circulation shunt.There were 30 healthy people as control group.Conventional 2DE and sRT-3DE were performed in both groups and obtained 2D and 3D parameters.Results ①In case group,the 2D-LVEF were significantly larger than 3D-LVEF (P ＜ 0.01 ).There was less agreement of 2DE and 3DE in case group than in control.②Comparing with the control group,left ventricular EDV,ESV and SV in ease group decreased ( P ＜0.01 ),so as to 3D-LVEF ( P ＜0.05).The left ventricular spherical index(SIs,SId)and eccentric index (EId,EIs ) in case group were significantly larger than those in control group ( P ＜0.01 ).③LVEDV in case group was negatively correlated with PASP (r =- 0.47),and positively correlated with RVSV and RVEF ( r =0.84,0.66) ;3D-LVEF in case group was negatively correlated with PASP ( r =- 0.54),and positively correlated with RVSV and RVEF ( r =0.58,0.53); there was no significant correlation between LVEDV and RVEDV.LVEDV was negatively correlated with SIs and SId ( r =-0.65,-0.61),so as to EId and EIs ( r =-0.67,0.67).LVEF was negatively correlated with SIs and SId ( r =-0.64,-0.61),so as to EId and EIs ( r =-0.66,-0.68),and the corresponding P all above were less than 0.01.Conclusions PH can result in reductions of left ventricular volume and systolic function,and the variations of which have the correlations with the severity of PH and the increase in SI and EI.sRT-3DE can provide a method to get more accurate information of left ventricle.

Objective To study the imaging manifestations of spontaneous orbital hemorrhage and to evaluate the diagnostic values of different imaging techniques.Methods The manifestations of ultrasound,CT and MRI in 30 patients with spontaneous orbital hemorrhage confirmed by surgery or puncture were retrospectively analyzed.Then the imaging data were compared with pathological or clinical results.Results Eighteen of 30 patients were surgically confirmed, including 6 cases of simple blood cysts, 10 cases of venous angioma with hematocysts ( 7 cases in the intraconal space and 3 cases within the extraocular muscle),2 cases of varicosity with hernatocysts ( 1 case in the intraconat space and another case within the extraocular muscle).Twelve patients were proved by puncture.The sonngraphie features of the spontaneous orbital hemorrhage in all 30 cases were inhomogeneons and slightly compressible cysts without blood flow in them.The CT manifestation of the lesions was lack of specificity and showed isodensity or slight hyperdensity,however, the CT value of the lesions had the tendency of decrease over time.The CT values were 82.0 to 89.0 HU in 4 cases with the courses of 1-3 days.And when the hemorrhage courses were 4-20 days,21-60 days, the CT values were 69.0 to 82.0 HU (20 cases) and 30.0 to 37.0 HU (6 cases),respectively.On MRI, the lesions showed typical signal characteristics and evolution of hematomas.For 1-3 days (4 cases), the lesions showed isointensity on T1WI and hypointensity on T2WI; for 4-10 days (10 cases), the lesions appeared hyperintensity in the central zone on T1WI and still showed hypointensity on T2WI; for 11-20 days( 10 cases), the lesions was homogeneous or inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T1WI and homogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI; and for 21-60 days (6 eases), the lesions showed heterogeneous intensity on both T1 WI and T2WI.The coincidence rates with clinical diagnoses were 96.7% (29/30) for ultrasound, 26.7% (8/30)for CT and 100% (30/30) for MRI, but they all showed limited ability in distinguishing simple from secondary orbital hemorrhage.Conclusion MRI is superior to ultrasound and CT in diagnosing spontaneous orbital hemorrhage and evaluating the secondary changes.

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate the MRI features of male urogenital diaphragm.Methods A total of 4 pelvic specimens of healthy male cadaver and 15 healthy male volunteers underwent pelvic MRI examination.All MRI scan images were analyzed to approach the urogenital diaphragm structure both in corpse and the MRI images.Results The normal urogenital diaphragm of cadavem connected to ramus inferior ossis pubis and ischiadic ramus.There were three layers inside the urogenital diaphragm,including superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm,inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm and deep transverse muscle of perineum.MRI imaging showed the coronal was the best location to exhibit the urogenital diaphragm,and all of the structure appeared like sandwich.In the images of the diaphragm of the volunteers also exhibited like sandwich,and the three layers are moderate signal in MRI.Ten volunteers were given the fat-depresstion and high resolution scan of T2WI in small ROI,and the structure could be seen much clearly.Fat-depresstion and high resolution scan of T2WI in small ROI was the best sequence to exhibit the urogenital diaphragm.Coronal location of the structure appeared like sandwich.Conclusion MRI is a good way to show urogenital diaphragm,and high resolution scan of T2WI in small ROI can show the structure much clearer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of using the ratio of (Cho + Cr)/Cit derived by MRS to predict the differentiation grades of prostatic cancer and Gleason grading.Methods Five postoperative prostate specimens were spitted and layered according to the region of interest of MRS inspections.The correlation between the CC/C values of each region of interest in each layer and the Gleason scores of the corresponding pathological sections was analyzed.The optimum diagnostic cutoff value was determined by conducting the hypothesis test of the area below the ROC curve of the well and moderately differentiated groups and poorly differentiated ones on the basis of CC/C values with a Spearman test.Results A total of 90 regions with valid pathologic diagnosis were obtained,70 cancer-affected and 20 cancer-free.In MRS,a CC/C value above 0.86 was used as a criterion for defining a cancer-affected region As a result,65 cancer-affected regions and 25 cancer-free regions were identified,among which pathologic diagnosis confirmed 59 and 14,respectively.Spearman′s rank correlation analysis revealed that the CC/C values of the prostatic carcinoma had significant positive correlation with Gleason scores ( r =0.746,P =0.000).For the well and moderately differentiated groups,the hypothesis test about the cutoff value,which was obtained by calculating the area below the ROC curve,was of no statistical significance.For the poorly differentiated groups,the optimum cutoff value was defined as 0.948,and the sensitivity and specificity were 81.4％ and 75.0％,respectively.It was also observed that the Gleason scores of the poorly differentiated endemic regions had positive correlation with the CC/C values ( r =0.605,P =0.000 ),suggesting that CC/C value was associated with the differentiation grade of the poorly differentiated prostatic cancer.When CC/C value was above 0.948,the poorly differentiated prostatic cancer was typically detected and Gleason score was often above 7.Conclusions CC/C values has positive correlation with Gleason scores.MRS may be used to predict the differentiation of prostate cancer.

In order to analyze main influencing factors of exportation of Chinese traditional patent medicines to the EU and measure the potentialities, the panel data of the exportation of Chinese traditional patent medicines to 13 countries in the EU over the period from 2000 to 2011 were used to build a regression model. Then, this model was applied to estimate the export potentialities. The results showed that the GDPs of China and EU countries, the export prices of Chinese traditional patent medicines, the port capacities of EU countries and maritime distances between ports of two countries notably promote export trade. At the same time, unified standards of pesticide residue analysis are associated with reducing the volume of export trade. EU countries can be divided into two groups. One is the group with certain potentiality. The other is the group without ready potentiality. Suggestions were made on basis of research results in order to promote exportation of Chinese traditional patent medicines to the EU.

Objective In order to investigate the roles of hIGF\|1 in treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic syndromes,the gene of human insulin like growth factor type Ⅰ(IGF\|1) was cloned and constructed into eukaryotic expression vector,then the expression and activity were determined. Methods Total cellular RNA of human fetal liver was abstracted and the RT\|PCR amplification of the cDNA fragment was performed.The fragment was cloned into pUCM\|T vector and sequenced.The eukaryiotic expression vector was recombined and transfected into fibroblast cell line,COS\|7.The expression of hIGF\|1 was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.The effect of hIGF\|1 on cultured islet cells was observed by glucose\|stimulated insulin release assay. Results The cDNA fragment of 710bp with additional Kozak sequence was amplified by RT\|PCR.Eukaryiotic expression vector pCI\|neo/hIGF\|1 was constructed and IGF\|1 gene expressed in COS\|7.The biological activity of hIGF\|1 was proved by increasing inslin secretion from islet cells.Conclusion\ The newly constructed vector,pCI\|neo/hIGF\|1 could be transfected into COS7 cells and its expressed product showed to have the biology activity of hIGF\|1.\;[

OBJECTIVE:To study the possible mechanisms of the effects of indol-2,3-dione (MW147) on experimental atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS: A total of 120 male quails were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group, model group, lovastatin (79.5 mg?kg-1) positive control group, and MW147 (20, 60, 120 mg?kg-1) groups. The normal control group was fed on normal diet, while the other 5 groups were fed on high lipid diet and treated ig with corresponding drugs for eight weeks. Then the lipid levels including TC, TG, L-DLC and H-DLC in serum and tissues, and the total superoxidedismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Meanwhile the tissues of aorta and liver were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: In MW147-treated groups compared with model group, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA were decreased while the levels of HDL-C, T-SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in serum were increased (P