TBL (Team-based learning) model is a new teaching method.By evaluating the effect of TBL model in theory teaching on Chinese orthodontic postgraduate program in the department of Orthodontics,Guanghua School of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University,and comparing the traditional teaching model which centered on teachers,we have probed into the application experience of TBL teaching method in curriculum setting of preclinical theoretic learning in orthodontics postgraduate education.The result shows TBL has significantly enhanced students' enthusiasm for learning,sense of collaboration,and has improved the quality of education.TBL method is better,even though there is something that needs to be improved.

Objective To explore the relationships of quality of life ( QOL ) and functional status in patients with malignant bone tumors after operation. Methods European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire C30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), social support revalued scale (SSRS) and Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) were used to investigate the levels of QOL, social support and functional status. The correlations between them were explored. Results The overall score by QOL was (58.33 ± 18.94). The score by KPS was positively related to somatic function, role function, social function, and general health status (P<0.01), but negatively related to tiredness, pains, insomnia and financial burden (P<0.01). Conclusions The QOL in patients with malignant bone tumors after operation is at a lower level and the function is at a medium level. Nurses should assess the function and make out interventional measures for them so as to improve their QOL.

Objective To assess the association of subclinical thyroid dysfunction with fractures. Methods Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were systematically searched from January 1990 to August 2015 to identify prospective cohort studies which have studied the risk of fracture in patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. The relative risks ( RR) of cohort studies were pooled respectively, depending on the result of heterogeneity test among the individual studies search. The Stata (version 13. 0) software was used for meta-analysis. Results Nine prospective cohort studies including 292460 participants were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. RR of subclinical hyperthyroidism for fracture was 1. 39(95%CI 1. 24-1. 55);for hip fracture, RR was 1. 24(95%CI 1. 10-1. 40);for nonspine fracture, RR was 1. 32 (95%CI 1. 09-1. 60). Different gender for subclinical hyperthyroid was associated with higher fracture rates:for females, RR was 1. 15(95%CI 1. 04-1. 27); for males, RR was 1. 31 (95% CI 1. 08-1. 59). The incidence of fracture in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism was higher during the follow-up. For subclinical hypothyroidism, the RR was 1. 21(95% CI 1. 03-1. 42). Subgroup analysis indicated that there were significant differences between endogenous/exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism and euthyroid, but no differences between endogenous/exogenous subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid were found. Conclusion Subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk of fracture in the population, especially hip fracture and nonspine fracture. During the course of subclinical hyperthyroidism, the incidences of fracture should be noticed both in females and males. However, there is no evidence which could prove a definite association between subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of fracture.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of griseofulvin on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods PC-3 cells were treated with griseofulvin at various concentrations for48 h,cell survival rate was then measured by MTT assay.The changes of morphology were observed by fluorescence microscope; Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit was used to detect apoptosis of the cells ; The enzyme activity changes of caspase-3,8,9 were detected by spectrophotometry.For in vivo study,we first established the PC-3 tumor model by grafting PC-3 cells in athymic nude mice,and then injected griseofulvin into the tumors.12 days after injection,the mice were sacrificed,the tumors were removed,weighed and the ratios of tumor-suppression were then calculated.We had detected the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,p53 and Survivin with immumohistochemistry as well. Results MTT results showed that griseofulvin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner,and the IC50 of griseofulvin was 18.17 ±2.10 μg/ml.Typical morphological changes of PC-3 cells were observed by microscope.The rates of apoptosis of griseofulvin treated PC-3 cells greatly increased compared with that of the control cells (31.37 ± 2.93％ vs 2.89 ± 0.67％,P ＜ 0.01 ).The caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities in griseofulvin treated PC-3 cells were significantly higher than those in control cells (0.562 ±0.050 vs0.113±0.014,0.337±0.053 vs 0.120±0.017,0.293±0.038 vs0.109±0.018,P＜0.01).On the 23th day after tumor vaccination,the tumor volume was 961.17 ± 78.12 mm3 in griseofulvin treated group and was 433.6 ± 12.8 mm3 in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).The tumor weight was 742.50 ± 78.63 mg in griseofulvin treated group and was 1387.33 ± 71.47 mg3 in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Bcl-2,Bax,p53 and Survivin protein expressions were 16.10 ± 3.45％,39.50 ± 6.88％,48.20 ± 8.04％,16.50 ± 2.22％ in griseofulvin treated group,respectively; 41.30 ± 3.95％,13.70 ± 2.98％,17.60 ± 3.21％,52.11 ± 6.28％ in control group,respectively.And there were significant differences in both groups (P ＜ 0.01 ).The in vivo data showed that griseofulvin suppressed the tumor growth conspicuously through down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2,Survivin,and up-regulating the expression of Bax,p53. Conclusions Griseofulvin can inhibit the growth of PC-3 and induce apoptosis of PC-3 cells.Griseofulvin inhibits the in vivo tumorigenicity of PC-3 cells.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of urethral reconstruction with colonic mucosa graft in the treatment of complex long urethral stricture.Methods The clinical data of three cases with complex long urethral stricture were reported and analyzed.Patient ages were 71,64 and 48 yrs and the course of disease was three months,six months and six yrs,respectively.The length of urethral stricture was 13,18 and 12 cm.Removing the narrow urethral segment and intercepting the length from 12 to 18 cm sigmoid colon and stripping colonic mucosa were performed.Urethral reconstruction was done with a free graft of colonic mucosa.Follow-up included urethrography,uroflowmetry,and urethroscopy.Results The urethral reconstructions were completed successfully.The urinary peak flows of the patients were 16.7 ml/s,19.6 ml/s and 26.4 ml/s at six weeks post operation.Urethrography revealed the graft urethral lumens were bulky three months after the operation.In urethroscopy,the colonic mucosa was found to be of good color and the anastomotic site healed well.Patients were followed-up 28,16,and three months,respectively,and were all voiding well.Conclusions Colonic mucosa graft urethroplasty is a feasible procedure for the treatment of complex long urethral stricture.

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuity of health education model for patients undergoing bone cancer during the first chemotherapy.Methods This model was designed based on KAP(Knowledge,Attitude or Belief,Practice) theory,literature review and questionnaire and performed in 103 bone cancer patients during the first chemotherapy.Results All the patients were assessed,with the founding that the pass rate of knowledge test,treatment compliance and degree of satisfaction were increased significantly(all P<0.05).Conclusions The health education model could help patients learn knowledge about bone cancer,build health behavior and deal with complications.Additionally,it improves the pass rate of knowledge test,satisfaction, and compliance.

Objective To estimate the effect of sun protection education on the severity and treatment of polymorphous light eruption (PLE).Methods Sixty-two patients with PLE were enrolled in this study,and randomly assigned into the control group (n =31) and intervention group (n =31) by using a random number table.Routine therapy was provided to all the subjects at their visits.The intervention group attended two lectures on sun protection at the beginning of spring and summer,and was given an education manual after each lecture.All the subjects completed a face to face interview and a questionnaire on the severity and therapy of PLE at the baseline and 12 months after enrollment.SPSS 11.5 software was used for data processing.Rank sum test,t test and chi-square test were carried out to assess the differences in the severity and treatment of PLE between the control group and intervention group as well as between pre-and post-intervention.Results The patients receiving sun protection education showed a significant decrease in the severity of PLE,including the number of months affected by PLE (t =4.611,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =3.569,P ＜ 0.01),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.369,P ＜ 0.05) and the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.650,P ＜0.01) in the year after enrollment compared with that before enrollment.Significant differences were also observed between the intervention group and control group in the number of months affected by PLE (t =3.679,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =2.995,P ＜ 0.05),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05),the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05) in the year after enrollment.The percentage of patients applying highly potent topical glucocorticosteroids (x2 =10.928,P ＜ 0.01)and administrating antihistamines (x2 =18.723,P ＜ 0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =2.656,P ＜ 0.01) were significantly reduced in the intervention group in the year after enrollment than in that before enrollment.Further more,a marked decrease was found in the percentage of patients applying topical highly potent glucocorticosteroids (x2 =4.521,P ＜ 0.05) and administrating antihistamines (x2 =10.949,P ＜0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =3.353,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Sun protection education through lectures and manuals appears to be an efficient adjuvant for the relief of PLE severity as well as for the reduction in the use of antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids,suggesting that dermatologists should pay more attention to sun protection education in the treatment of photosensitive diseases.

Three hundred and twenty-one bacteria strains were obtained from rice leaves,stem,root tissue and paddy field soil,of which the number of strains which can inhibit mycelium of Magnaporthe grisea growth markedly was fifty-seven through fermentation in 2.0 mL Eppendorf tube,and among these fifty-seven strains,five strains were strongly antagonistic to Magnaporthe grisea.These five strains was identified for their morphologic,physiological and biochemical characteristics,and the results showed that one strain(No.156)was bacillus subtilis,two strains(No.171 and No.177)were Bacillus pumillus and two strains(No.192 and No.279)were Bacillus ploymyxa.

Objective To investigate the effect of different Chinese herbs on cell proliferation and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)expression in chondrocyte culture.Methods Chondrocytes isolated from rabbit knee cartilage were cultured for 3 generations with the density of 2?10~4/cm~2 and were verified by collagenⅡimmunohistochemical staining.Rabbit sera containing herbs were obtained after animals orally ad- ministrated herbs at the dosage equivalent to human.At 5% and 10% serum density,cells were cultured in the medium that contained liver-softening herbal compound sera.Subgroups setting at 1,3 and 5 hours after herb intervention were observed.Rabbit and bovine sera were control groups.Seven days after intervention,chon- drocytes proliferation was observed using the MTT assay kit.For the study of COMP expression,chondrocytes were isolated from human knee cartilage supematant.Superuatant COMP level was tested by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays(ELISA)after directly adding compound and extract from liver-softening herbs to the culture at the final concentration of 10 mg/ml for 3 days.Results Liver-softening herbal compound group had significant effect on cell proliferation compared to control,of which,3-hour subgroup was more significant than 1-and 5-hour subgroups(P

ED are correlated with the severity of CAD in a degree.