Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1beta-hydroxy-1 ,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin (1) , boscialin (2) , blumenol C (3), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5) , blumenol A(6), (1'S,2R,5S, 10R) -2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l1'-methylethyl) -6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one(7) , (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-( 1',2'-dihydroxy-l '-methylethyl) -6,1 l0-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one( 8) , 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1 '-methylethyl) -6,1 0-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one (9) , and grasshopper ketone (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the interventional effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on brain Aβ deposition and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease model mice.Methods Eight-week old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups (n =10,each).Mice in two groups (intervention and model)were administered by drinking water containing 0.4g aluminum /100ml water and subcutaneous injection with 200mg/kg D-galactose every other day,added with 25mg/kg SFN to the intervention group or with equivalent double-distilled water to model group by a single oral gavage daily.And equivalent vehicle were given to the control mice.After 90 days,the aluminum levels in blood,brain Aβ depositions,and indices of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex were investigated.Results Blood aluminum level was higher in the AD model and SFN intervention groups than in controls(P＜0.01),and was lower in SFN intervention group than in AD model(P＜0.01).As compared to controls,the AD model showed that brain Aβ deposition was significantly increased,GPX activity was decreased and carbonyl level was remarkable increased(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between intervention and control group in brain Aβ deposition,GPX activity and carbonyl contents (P＞0.05).Brain Aβ deposition was lower in intervention than in model group(P＜0.05).There was no significantly differences in brain SOD activity and total hydrosulfuryl content among three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Sulforaphane can reduce the aluminum level in blood,attenuate Aβ deposition,and regulate the oxidative stress in cerebral cortex in AD model mice.

Objective:To evaluate effects of different medication forms of dexmedetomidine on perioperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing radical operation of gastric carcinoma, and Ramsay sedation score.Methods:A total of 150 patients aged 65 years and 75 years scheduled for elective radical operation of gastric carcinoma from December 2018 to December 2019 in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were enrolled, and they were divided into 3 groups according to random number table method: different medication forms of dexmedetomidine groups (group A, group B) and the control group (group C), 50 cases in each group. The patients in group A and group B continued to pump dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 and 0.3 μg·kg -1·h -1 respectively for 15 min before induction of anesthesia. And the patients in group C were given intravenous pumping of an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl for 15 min. Subsequently, patients in group A and group B received continuous intravenous infusion of 0.3 μg·kg -1·h -1 for 30 min before the end of operation, the patients in group C received 0.9% NaCl infusion of equal volume until the end of operation. The cognitive function of the patients was measured by using the Monterey cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) the day before surgery and on day 1,3 and 7 after surgery, and the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) was counted. Ramsay sedation score at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h after surgery was compared among the three groups. Results:There were 3 patients in group A and 3 patients in group C were excluded because they were transferred to ICU due to serious postoperative complications. There were significant differences in MoCA score among the three groups on day 1, 3, 7 after operation (all P < 0.01); MOCA score of group A, B and C on day 7 after operation was (26.9±0.7) scores, (26.6±1.0) scores, (26.3±1.2) scores, respectively, and the difference between group A and group C was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The incidence of PND among the three groups on day 1, 3, 7 after surgery had statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05), and the incidence of PND in group A was lower than that in group B and C (all P < 0.05). Ramsay sedation score among the three groups at 30 min and 24 h, 48 h after operation showed statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01), and that in group C was lower than that in group A and group B, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Ramsay sedation score at 24 h after operation in group A was high than that in group B and group C (all P < 0.01). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine assisted with anesthesia can reduce the incidence of PND in elderly patients undergoing radical operation of gastric carcinoma and enhance the sedative effect. What's more, the most obvious effect is the infusion of 0.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 before anesthesia induction.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristic and drug resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in ICU eld‐erly patients to provide the basis for clinical medication and control of nosocomial infection .Methods The isolation situation and drug resistance of pathogens in ICU elderly patients with respiratory tract infection from January 2012 to December 2014 were ret‐rospectively analyzed .Results Among 501 cases of respiratory tract infection ,350 cases were Gram‐negative bacilli infection ,which were mainly P .aeruginosa and A .baumannii;50 cases were Gram‐positive coccus infection ,which was mainly S .aureus ;101 cases were complicating fungal infection ,which was mainly C .albicans .The resistance of P .aeruginosa to imipenem showed upward trend (P<0 .05) ,A .baumannii had higher resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs ,but the drug resistance trend had no obvious change(P>0 .05) .Imipenem‐resistant A .bauman(IRAB) ,ESBLs‐producing E .coli and methicillin‐resistant S .aureus (MRSA) in the elderly patients with respiratory tract infection all exceeded 50% of each constitution ratio .Conclusion Multi‐drug resistant bacteria are usually isolated from ICU elderly patients ,their drug resistance rates maintain a higher level .Therefore clinicians should rationally select antibacterial drugs by combining with the laboratory reports ,increase the prevention and management of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and reduce the nosocomial infection occurrence .

Objective: Pervious RT-PCR results revealed the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao San in treating rats of syndrome of liver invading the spleen. This experiment was designed to explore CIS rats’ immunohistochemistry findings in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA after suppressing both amygdaloid AMPA receptors by microinjection of CNQX. To compare Xiaoyao San group with CNQX group, and to analysis of these findings may prove the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao san treating this syndrome. Methods: 75 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: normal group, CIS group, sham-operation group, CNQX group and Xiaoyao San group. The number of GluR2 positive cells in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA in these 5 groups were examined by immunohistochemistry test. Results: Compared with control group, the number of GluR2 positive cells decreased in hippocampal subregion CA1. Statistical analysis showed that no difference existed in control, CNQX and Xiaoyao San groups in CA1 region. Except CNQX group, tendency of changes were contradictory in BLA and CA1 region. In addition, the least in BLA in CNQX group. This finding revealed that Xiaoyao San may act the same as CNQX, thus Xiaoyao San afforded effective protection against this depression syndrome through suppression of both amygdaloid excitability. Conclusion: The balance coordination between hippocampus and amygdala may be the key in transformation from adaption to damage in a state of stress, was one of the central mechanisms of liver governing smoothing qi flow (LGSQF) on regulating the stress. Xiaoyao San may effectively regulate the balance of the excitability of hippocampus and amygdala. This hypothesis may reveal the regulation channel on Xiaoyao San affording effective protection against liver invading the spleen syndrome.

Objective: To explore the effect of early customized muscle strength training on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, so as to provide a basis for better promoting postoperative rehabilitation of patients. Methods: From January 2017 to June 2018, 136 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation admitted to Orthopaedic Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected as the study subjects. According to the admission time, they were divided into control group (63 cases) and experimental group (64 cases). Patients in the control group received routine nursing and rehabilitation after operation, while patients in the experimental group received early customized rehabilitation training for 12 weeks on the basis of routine nursing. Oswestry dysfunction score, Japanese Orthopaedic Society (JOA) score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results: The Oswestry dysfunction scores of the intervention group on the 4th and 12th weeks after operation were 26.71±4.08 and 13.66 ± 3.54, lower than those of the control group (28.34±4.25 and 16.42 ± 4.13). There were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.205, 4.046, all P < 0.05 or 0.01). The JOA scores of the intervention group on the 10th day, 4th week and 12th week after operation were 19.14 ± 2.68, 23.51 ± 2.76, 25.32 ± 2.86, and those in the control group were 17.99 ± 2.51, 21.98 ± 2.64, 23.11 ± 2.72, respectively (t=2.495, 3.192, 4.461, P < 0.05 or 0.01). The VAS scores of waist and lower limbs in intervention group were 1.39 ±0.76 and 1.32 ±0.69, lower than those in the control group (1.75± 0.88, 1.61 ±0.84), respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant (t = 2.469, 2.127, P < 0.05). Conclusion Early customized muscle strength training can improve the body function and pain degree of patients with lumbar disc herniation after operation. It is simple, easy to master, easy to accept, and has good effect. It is worthy of being popularized widely in clinic.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) for unconfirmed microlithiasis under endoscopic retrograde cholangiography ( ERC). Methods The data of 22 patients who were definitely diagnosed as having microlithiasis by IDUS and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) from July 2007 to September 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Microlith was defined as choledo-cholith equal to or less than 3 mm in diameter. Using IDUS plus EST findings as golden standard of bile duct microlithiasis, the accuracy of diagnosis and rate of missed diagnosis of transabdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) and ERC were evaluated and compared. Results Diagnosis rates of trans-abdominal ultrasonography, MRC and ERC for extra-hepatic duct microlithiasis were 27. 3% (6/22), 38. 5% (5/13) and 27. 3% (6/22) , respectively. Detection rates of common bile duct dilation by 3 methods were 68. 2% (15/22) , 84. 6% (11/13) and 68. 2% (15/22) , respectively. The microlithiasis in 2 patients, which manifested as repeated acute pancreatitis, were missed by transabdominal ultrasonography , MRC and ERC, and were finally confirmed by IDUS. Conclusion Sensitivity of ERC in diagnosis of extra-hepatic microlithiasis is not superior to that of transabdominal ultrasonography or MRC. IDUS is a technically easy, safe, highly sensitive and accurate procedure, which is helpful in differentiation of etiology of recurrent acute pancreatitis.

In this study, the psbA-trnH sequence as DNA barcode was used to evaluate the accuracy and stability for identification pteridophyte medicinal material Pyrrosiae Foliumas from adulterants. Genomic DNA from 106 samples were extracted successfully. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances and ML tree were calculated using software MEGA 6.0. The intra-specific genetic distances of 3 original plants were lower than inter-specific genetic distances of adulterants. The ML tree indicated that Pyrrosiae Folium can be distinguished from its adulterants obviously. Therefore, the psbA-trnH sequence as a barcode of the pteridophyte, can accurately and stably distinguish Pyrrosiae Folium from its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Ferns ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate the effects of desflurane on the delayed rectifier potassium current (Ik ) in acutely dissociated rat parietal cortical neurons. Methods Wistar rats between 10- and 14-day old of both sexes were used. The parietal cortical neurons were acutely dissociated enzymatically. The extracellular fluid saturated with 0.3,0.6 and 0.9 mmol/L desflurane was added to the culture dish, then the effects of different concentrations of desflurane on Ik were investigated by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in acutely dissociated rat parietal cortical neurons. Results IK was inhibited by desflurane in a concentration-dependent manner ( P ＜0.01). The V1/2 of the activation and inactivation curves and the slop factor had no change after giving 0.6 mmol/L desflurane (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Desflurane inhibits delayed rectifier potassium channels of parietal cortical neurons of rats in a concentration-dependent manner, and has no effect on the activation and inactivation of delayed rectifier potassium channels, indicating that the change in the excitability of the channel is not involved in the mechanism of inhibitory effect of desflurane, and the other reasons may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To study the effect of different concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] on cell proliferation,differentiation and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mouse MC3T3E1 osteoblast.Methods Osteoblast were cultured in medium with different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3.Incubated for 48 h,cell proliferation of osteoblast were examined by MTT reduction assay (mono-nuclear cell direc cytotoxicity assay),the osteocalcin (OC) levels in cell medium were detected by ELISA,and the expression of VDR mRNA and protein were examined by using SYBR Green real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results 1.After incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 48 h,the number of MC3T3E1 osteoblast was significantly less than that in control group(P0.05).3.SYBR Green real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of VDR mRNA as well as VDR protein of osteoblast in 10-8,10-9 mol/L experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group (Pa0.05).Conclusions Cell proliferation of mouse osteoblast can be inhibited,while the cell differentiation was promoted by 1,25(OH)2D3.1,25(OH)2D3 up-regulated the expression of VDR in mouse osteoblast,which suggested that the VDR signal pathway may play some role in proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast.