Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the hemodynamics and the heart rate variability(HRV)in patients under-going lower limbs operations with application of tourniquet. Methods Forty patients undergoing lower limbs operations with application of tourni-quet were randomized assigned to dexmedetomidine group(group D,n=20)or control group(group C,n=20). After combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,group D received a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine(0.5μg/kg for 10 min for loading dose and followed by 0.2μg·kg-1·h-1) until tourniquet deflation. The control group received normal saline instead. Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),saturation of pulse ox-imetry(SpO2),low frequency power(LF),high frequency power(HF)and LF to HF ratio(LF/HF)were recorded at regular time points:imme-diately before loading dose(T0),before tourniquet inflation(T1),15 min after tourniquet inflation(T2),30 min after tourniquet inflation(T3),45 min after tourniquet inflation(T4),60 min after tourniquet inflation(T5),1 min after tourniquet deflation(T6),5 min after tourniquet deflation (T7)and 10 min after tourniquet deflation(T8). Results Compared with T0,the MAP of group D significantly decreased at T6-T8(P<0.05). Compared with T0 and T1,the MAP of group C increased at T2-T5(P>0.05). Compared with T2-T5,the MAP of group C significantly decreased at T6(P<0.05). Compared with group C,the MAP of group D significantly decreased at T6 and T7(P<0.05). Compared with T0,the HR of group D significantly decreased at T1-T8(P<0.05). Compared with T0,the HR of group C had no significant change at T1-T5(P<0.05). Compared with T1-T5,the HR of group D and group C significantly increased at T6(P<0.05). Compared with group C,the HR of group D significantly decreased at T1-T4 and T6(P<0.05). Compared with T0,the SpO2 of group D and group C significantly decreased at T6(P<0.05). Compared with group C,the SpO2 of group D significantly decreased at T1-T3(P<0.05). Compared with T6,LF of group D and group C significantly increased at T7(P<0.05). LF were comparable between groups D and C(P>0.05). Compared with T0,the HF of group D significantly increased and the LF/HF of group D significantly decreased at T1-T4(P<0.05). Compared with group C,the HF of group D significantly increased and the LF/HF of group D significantly decreased at T1-T4(P<0.05). Conclusion The appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine(loading dose 0.5μg/kg and maintenance dose 0.2μg · kg-1 · h-1)can significantly increase vagal tone and improve cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic balance during tourniquet appli-cation.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Gubenzhike granule on cough variant asthma (CVA), and explore its mechanism. Methods A total of 140 cases of CVA were randomly divided into two groups, 70 cases for each group. The treatment group took Gubenzhike granule orally, and the control group inhaled Budesonide Powder for Inhalation and Salbutamol Sulphate Aerosol, respectively for 8 weeks, with 8 weeks follow-up after treatment. The same nursing intervention was implemented in two groups. Cough symptom scores of the two groups were observed after treatment and at the end of follow-up, the number of eosnophils (EOS) and content of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in peripheral blood were also observed. Results The treatment group completed 67 cases and the control group completed 66 cases. After treatment, the cough symptom scores, EOS and IgE in two groups were significantly reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the cough symptom score of treatment group decreased more significantly than that of control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate and recurrence rate were 91.04%and 9.84%in treatment group, and 83.33% and 30.91% in control group. The total effective rate of treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.01), and the recurrence rate was lower than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Gubenzhike granule showed significant effect and low recurrence rate on CVA. Good anti-inflammatory and antianaphylaxis effects may be one of its mechanisms.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ability of Biopure MTAD in removing smear layer in vitro.

METHODSForty extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into five groups: Distilled water in group A, 5.25% NaClO and 17% EDTA in group B, 1.3% NaClO in group C, 1.3% NaClO and Biopure MTAD in group D, 1.3% NaClO and 3% EDTA in group E. The canals were prepared and irrigated with one of the five different irrigating agent respectively. The amount of smear layer and erosion on the surface of the root canal walls were examined with scanning electron microscope.

RESULTSThe whole surfaces of root canals in group A and C were covered by smear layer. The surfaces of root canals in the coronal and middle thirds of samples in group B, D, E were free of smear layer (P>0.05) and the apical third of canals in the group D were significantly cleaner (P<0.05) than that in group B and E. The coronal and middle sections were significantly eroded in group B compared with group D and E (P<0.05). The degree of erosion in the apical section was not statistically different among group B, D and E (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBiopure MTAD and 1.3% NaClO are effective irrigating agents for removal of the smear layer on the surface of root canal. There is no significant change in the structure of the surface of root canal.

Citric Acid ; Doxycycline ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polysorbates ; Root Canal Irrigants ; Root Canal Preparation ; Root Canal Therapy ; Smear Layer ; Tooth Root

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulatory effect of Bushen recipe (BSR) on immune function in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSThirty patients with HBeAg+ and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) level were treated with BSR for 6 months. The following parameters before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were tested: (1) HBV DNA by fluorescence quanitiative PCR; (2) Levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma in supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) after had been cultured with HBeAg, HBcAg and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 48 hrs; (3) Blood levels of T-cells, including CD4+ , CD8+ , CD8+ CD28+ , CD8+ CD28- and CD28+ , and their ratio, as well as the percentage of CD8+ CD28+ in the cell culture after being co-cultured with PHA for 48 hrs.

RESULTSIn patients effectively treated by BSR, after 3 months treatment, level of IFN-gamma in PBMC culture significantly increased, CD8+ CD28+ , CD28+ T-cells significantly enhanced and IL-10 and CD8 + CD28+ T-cells significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBSR could significantly strengthen the expression of Th1 type cytokine, decrease the expression of Th2 type cytokine and promote the expression of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, which may be one of mechanisms in suppressing HBV DNA replication.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Objective To explore the efficacy of non-T cell depletion haploidentical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL). Methods 3 T-LL patients achieving complete remission received haploidentical bone marrow stem cell transplantation with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized bone marrow grafts from related donor without T-cell depletion. Two of them received a myeloablative conditioning regimen consisting of high-doses of cyclophosphamide and cytarabine with total body irradiation, whereas the other was preconditioned with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and cytarabine. All patients received strengthened phophylaxis regimen including rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin against acute graft-versus-host disease. Results All patients had rapid hematopoietic engraftment with the median time for neutrophil and platelet recovery being 12 days and 13 days, respectively. They are still alive without relapse at a median follow-up of 24 months (range: 9-75 months). Conclusion Treatment related toxicity can be acceptable in non-T cell depletion haploidenfical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for T-LL and the patients may achieve long term survival.

To explore influence of Xinmailong injection on cardiac function and vascular endothelial func‐tion in advanced aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) heart failure (HF).Methods : A total of 122 advanced aged AMI‐HF patients treated in our hospital from Mar 2015 to Jul 2017 were selected ,randomly and e‐qually divided into routine treatment group (received routine anti‐HF medication ) and Xinmailong group (received Xinmailong injection based on routine treatment group ) ,both groups were treated for 10d and then followed up for six months .LVEF ,wall motion score index (WMSI) ,serum levels of BNP , hsCRP , cTnI ,nitric oxide (NO) ,en‐dothelin (ET)‐1 and inner diameter of brachial artery were observed and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results : Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF [routine treatment group : (35.42 ± 5.11)% vs. (44.62 ± 5.88)%;Xinmailong group : (36. 13 ± 5.64)% vs. (49.75 ± 6. 18)%] and serum NO level [routine treatmentgroup : (108. 35 ± 21.67) μmol／L vs. (129.68 ± 25. 83 ) μmol／L ; Xinmailong group : (110.26 ± 22.71) μmol／L vs. (156.82 ± 24. 19) μmol／L] ,and significant reductions in WMSI [routine treatment group : (2.49 ± 0.51) score vs. (1.45 ± 0.34) score ; Xinmailong group : (2.51 ± 0.42) score vs. (1. 12 ± 0.27) score] ,NYHA class (routine treatment group :3.19 ± 0. 44 vs. 2.65 ± 0.36 ;Xinmailong group :3. 21 ± 0.42 vs. 2.11 ± 0.28) ,serum levels of BNP [routine treatment group : (986. 72 ± 245.63 ) pg／ml vs. (764.42 ± 217.33) pg／ml ; Xinmailong group : (989.99 ± 243. 54 ) pg／ml vs. (607. 82 ± 198. 65 ) pg／ml ] , hsCRP [routine treatment group : (24.31 ± 3.82) mg／L vs. (14.52 ± 1. 69 ) mg／L ; Xinmailong group :(24.93 ± 3.74) mg／L vs. (7. 81 ± 0. 96) mg／L] ,cTnI [routine treatment group :(5.29 ± 0.43) μg／L vs. (3.01 ± 0. 27) μg／L ;Xinmailong group :(5.37 ± 0.64) μg／L vs. (1.42 ± 0.33) μg／L ] and ET‐1 [routine treatment group :(95. 67 ± 16. 32) ng／L vs. (76. 34 ± 17.82) ng／L ;Xinmailong group :(96.13 ± 17.21) ng／L vs. (57.29 ± 14. 63) ng／L] in two groups ;and LVEF and serum NO level of Xinmailong group were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , WMSI ,NYHA class ,serum levels of BNP ,hsCRP ,cTnI and ET‐1 of Xinmailong group were significantly lower than those of routine treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in reactive hyperemia brachial diameter (Dhyperemia ) , fore brachial artery endothelium dependent diastolic‐systolic function (FMD) in Xinmailong group after treatment , and they were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01 .Conclusion : Xinmailong injection can significantly improve cardiac function and vascular endothelial function in AMI‐HF patients ,which is worth extending .

Four impurities were isolated from raw material of clindamycin phosphate (CP), and their structures have been determined. LC-MS was used to determine the molecular weights of the impurities in the raw material of CP. Reversed-phase preparative HPLC was used to prepare them, and their chemical structures were identified by HR-MS and NMR. The four unknown impurities were determined as clindamycin-B-phosphate (1), clindamycin-2,4-diphosphate (2), 3',6'-dehydro clindamycin phosphate (3), epi-clindamycin phosphate (4). Impurity 1 has been included in BP and EP, while 2, 3 and 4 have not. The impurities 2, 3, 4 are first separated from raw material of CP.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Clindamycin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Drug Contamination ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

UNLABELLEDTo analyse the live pathology characteristics in mild ALT-elevated (1 x ULN less than ALT less than 2 x ULN ) HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and to explore the influence of the age and HBV DNA level to liver pathology in different HBeAg status patients.

METHODSAll the patients who met the inclusion criteria form "eleventh five-year plan" National Science and Technology Major Project, the treatment program of integrative traditional and western medicine for CHB were enrolled in this study between October 2009 and March 2011 .B type ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was carried out in all patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) , HBeAg titer as well as HBV DNA level were detected at the same time. Hepatic tissue inflammation and fibrosis degree of patients according to HBeAg-positive and negative, age ( more than or equal to 40 years and less than 40 years), HBV DNA level (more than or equal to 10^5copy/ml and less than l0^5 copy/ml) were compared respectively. Chi-square test was used to compare the constitute percentage between the two samples. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed to evaluate the correlation between different factors.

RESULTSThere were no significant difference in the grade of liver inflammation and the stage of liver fibrosis between 389 HBeAg positive and 126 HBeAg-negative patients (X2=4.326 and X2=3.464, respectively, P values were all more than 0.05). In the group of patients with age less than 40 years, the distribution of different liver inflammation and fibrosis had no significant difference between HBeAg-positive and negative patients (X2=2.543 and X2=5.024, respectively, P values were all more than 0.05). In the group of patient with age more than or equal to 40 years, the percentage of moderate and severe inflammation (G3, G4) HBeAg-positive patients(32.9%) owned is much higher than that of HBeAg-negative patients(16.4%), X2=8.777, P less than 0.05.But the stage of liver fibrosis in HBeAg-positive patients was not significantly different than that of HBeAg-negative ones (X2=0.977, P more than 0.5). In the group of patients with HBV DNA more than or equal to 10^5copy/ml, the percentage of mild inflammation in HBeAg-positive patients (17.5%) was much high than that of HBeAg-negative patients(7.3%), X2=8.851, P less than 0.05. The stage of liver fibrosis between HBeAg-positive and negative patients was no significant difference (X2=8.227, P more than 0.05).In the patients with HBV DNA less than 10^5 copy/ml, The percentage of HBeAg-negative patients(29.6%) with mild inflammation(G1) was much higher than HBeAg-positive patients (6.9%), X2=6.357, P less than 0.05. There was no significant difference in the stage of liver fibrosis between HBeAg-positive and negative patients (X2=4.061, P more than 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was the independent risk factor for different degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis seriousness.

CONCLUSIONThe status of HBeAg has no association with the grade of liver inflammation and the stage of liver fibrosis in CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT. The percentage of moderate and severe inflammation in the HBeAg-positive patients with age more than or equal to 40 years was significantly elevated. The grade of liver inflammation has significant difference between HBeAg-positive and negative patients with different HBV DNA levels as well.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist which can lead to folic acid deficient, on the cardiac development and on the expressions of BMP2b and HAS2 in zebrafish.

METHODSThe zebrafish embryos at 6-48 hrs post fertilization (hpf) were treated with various concentrations of MTX (0.5 x 10(-3), 1.0 x 10(-3) and 2.0 x 10(-3) M). At 48 hpf, the percentage of cardiac malformation and heart rate were recorded. The zebrafish embryos at 6-10 hpf treated with 1.5 x 10(-3) M MTX were used as the MTX treatment group. At 24 and 48 hpf the cardiac morphology was observed under a microscope. The expressions of BMP2b and HAS2 in zebrafish were detected by in situ antisense RNA hybridization and real-time PCR.

RESULTS6-12 hpf, the early embryonic developmental stage, was a sensitive period that MTX affected cardiac formation of zebrafish. The retardant cardiac development and the evidently abnormal cardiac morphology was found in the MTX treatment group. The results of in situ antisense RNA hybridization showed that the expressions of BMP2b and HAS2 in the zebrafish heart were reduced in the MTX treatment group at 36 and 48 hpf. The real-time PCR results demonstrated that the BMP2b expression decreased at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hpf, and that the HAS2 expression decreased at 24, 36 and 48 hpf in the treatment group compared with the control group without MTX treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe inhibition of folic acid function may affect cardiac development of early embryos, resulting in a retardant development and a morphological abnormality of the heart in zebrafish, possibly by down-regulating the expressions of BMP2b and HAS2.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; etiology ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Folic Acid Antagonists ; toxicity ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; chemically induced ; Hyaluronan Synthases ; Methotrexate ; toxicity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins ; genetics

Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, which has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the HBV DNA replication inhibition in the mouse model with betulinic acid. Hydrodynamic injection method via the tail vein with the Paywl. 3 plasmid was used to establish the animal mode (n = 15), and the mice were randomly divided into the PBS control group (n = 5), Betulinic acid treatment group (n = 5) and lamivudine control group (n = 5). The day after successful modeling , the mice would have taken Betulinic acid (100 mg x kg(-1)), lamivudine (50 mg x kg(-1)), PBS drugs orally, once daily for 7 days, blood samples were acquired from the orbital venous blood at 3, 5, 7 days after the administering, HBsAg and HBeAg in serum concentration were measured by ELISA and the mice were sacrificed after 7 days, HBV DNA southern detections were used with part of mice livers. The results showed that betulinic acid significantly inhibited the expression of HbsAg in the mice model at the fifth day compared with the control group, and there was no significant differences between the effects of lamivudine and the PBS control group; both the betulinic acid and lamivudine groups had no significant inhibition for the HBeAg expression; the HBV DNA expressions of the liver tissue from the betulinic acid and lamivudine groups were inhibited compared with the control group. Taken together, these results reveal betulinic acid can inhibit the HBsAg expression and replication of the liver HBV DNA in the mouse model.
Acute Disease ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA Replication ; drug effects ; DNA, Viral ; biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects