ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of violence behavior of the psychotics in communities. Methods37 psychotics who used to have violence behavior were investigated with Questionnaire of Characteristics and Associated Factor for Violence Behavior of Psychotics in Communities created ourselves. ResultsThe psychotics suffered violence behavior appeared some peculiarities for the time, place, and dealing with tools, etc. Their mental state, course of disease and treatment were associated with their violence behavior. ConclusionThere is some characteristics in most of the violence behavior of the psychotics, which may be helpful for preventing.

Objective:To evaluate the impression accuracy of different impression methods for flabby ridge.Methods:5 patients with flabby ridge were included.Conventional technique,perforation technique and window opening technique were performed to make im-pressions and then final models were prepared.The optical models of the flabby ridge area were obtained both in patients'mouths and on the master casts by intraoral optical scanner.Data handling and computations were made by using 3D inspection and metrology soft-ware,regarding SD,Mean +and Mean -,with subsequent analysis.Results:The 3D deviation of the models obtained by conventional technique was the biggest,that obtained by window opening technique was the least.Conclusion:Window opening technique can de-crease the deformation of flabby ridge impression.

P21-activated kinases (PAK) participate in a variety of important cellular activities, such as cytoskeleton remodeling, cell migration, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis or survival. PAK also has an important impact on brain development, neuronal differentiation, and regulation of synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. PAK abnormalities result in diseases including cancer, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neural retardation. Therefore, it is of vital physiological significance to investigate the neuronal function of PAK. In this paper we review the advancement of research on the neuronal biological function and the underlying mechanisms of PAK.
Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cytoskeleton ; physiology ; Humans ; Nervous System ; enzymology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons ; physiology ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology ; p21-Activated Kinases ; physiology

Matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases . MMPs can degrade and remodel extracellular matrix , also active or inactive many molecules attaching to matrix including receptors , growth factors and cytokines , so that injury-induced MMPs can change the extracellular environment to affect the axonal regeneration in central nervous system .In this review, with spinal cord injury (SCI) as an example we discuss the effects of MMPs on inflammation , neuronal viability , extracellular molecules , glial scar and axonal remyelination , which are all important to axonal regeneration .

Aortic Aneurysm ; etiology ; Bacteremia ; complications ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Staphylococcal Infections ; complications

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS) in treatment of intracranial hypertension (ICH) of rabbits.

METHODSThe animal mode of ICH was established by perfusing artificial cerebrospinal fluids (aCSF) with controlled pressure into the cerebral ventricles of rabbits. The mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, perfusion rate of aCSF and water content of cerebrum were investigated in rabbits with ICH after a single bolus of 20% mannitol (5 ml/kg), 7.5% HS (2.2 ml/kg) or 23.4% HS (2.2 ml/kg).

RESULTSAfter the intracranial pressure was elevated from 15 cmH₂O to 75 cmH₂O, the mean arterial pressure was increased and the tidal volume was decreased. After treatment by 20% mannitol, 7.5% HS or 23.4% HS, the increased percentage of mean arterial pressure and the decreased percentage of tidal volume were similar to the changes in control group. However, the perfusion rate of CSF was increased and water content of cerebrum was decreased after treatment by either 20% mannitol or 23.4% HS, but not by 7.5% HS. No different effects were found between 20% mannitol and 23.4% HS.

CONCLUSIONWith the similar osmotic burden, 20% mannitol is more effective in treating ICH than 7.5% HS. With higher osmotic load, the efficacy of HS is enhanced, and 23.4% HS may be used as an alternative to mannitol in treatment of ICH.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Intracranial Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mannitol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) rs2736098 and rs2736100 and the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThis case-control study design included 1300 diagnosed HCC patients with HBsAg positive and 1344 HBsAg positive people as control-group.rs2736098 and rs2736100 on TERT were selected as research sites, whose polymorphisms were detected by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. The OR values (95%CI) were calculated by logistic regression to compare the correlation between different genotype and susceptibility to HCC.

RESULTSThe distribution frequencies of three genotypes as GG, AG and AA on rs2736098 were separately 39.3% (500/1273), 44.2% (563/1273) and 16.5% (210/1273) in case group; while respectively 39.6% (526/1328), 45.5% (604/1328) and 14.9% (198/1328) in control group. The distribution frequencies of three genotypes as AA, AC and CC on rs2736100 were separately 33.7% (428/1269), 49.9% (633/1269) and 16.4% (208/1269) in case group; while respectively 34.0% (449/1322), 49.2% (651/1322) and 16.8% (222/1322) in control group. The multi-variates logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between rs2736098 mutated A carriers and genotype GG carriers in the susceptibility to HCC after adjusting by age, sex, smoking and drinking factors (rs2736098, AA + AG vs GG: adjusted OR = 1.00 (95%CI: 0.86 - 1.18)); and there was no significant different between rs2736100 mutated C carriers and genotype AA carriers in the susceptibility to HCC either (AC + CC vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.03 (95%CI: 0.87 - 1.22)).

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphisms of rs2736098 and rs2736100 on TERT may not play a landmark role in susceptibility to HCC among Chinese population.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Telomerase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy of polylactic acid glue in preventing epidural scar adhesion after laminectomy in rabbits.

METHODSTwenty-four Japanese white rabbits underwent laminectomy (including the attached ligaments) at L(2 ) and L(5). After laminectomy at L(5), polylactic acid glue was sprayed on the dura and nerve roots and this segment was taken as the experimental group. After laminectomy at L(2), nothing was used and this segment was enrolled as the self control group. Four rabbits were killed every two weeks postoperatively till the end of the experiment at 12 weeks. Then the operated spine was observed grossly, histologically and ultrastructurally to check the degree of scar formation, the status of epidural scar adhesion, the absorption of the glue, and the intracellular structure of fibroblasts.

RESULTSThe glue coagulated immediately after spraying and showed excellent hemostatic effect. The glue membrane was easy to be taken away from the dura mater of the samples for 2 weeks and there were no cells in the epidural space in the experimental group. But the dura mater was covered by hematoma in the control group, which formed mild adhesion, with fibroblasts proliferating actively. In the 4th week, some glue shivers remained in the epidural space with fibroblasts increasing a little, and the dura mater was smooth in the experimental group. However, in the control group, the formed scar was fragile and conglutinated with the dura mater diffusely and fibroblasts were much more than those in the experimental group. In the 6th-12th weeks, there was a potential interspace between the scar and the dura mater, and the polylactic acid glue was absorbed completely in the experimental group. Much tough scar was found in the control group, which was very difficult to dissect from the dura mater and the surrounding tissues. From the ultrastructural observation of the fibroblasts, the nucleus became much bigger and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was much more plentiful in the control group than that in the experimental group.

CONCLUSIONSPolylactic acid glue can effectively reduce epidural cicatrization and adhesion.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cicatrix ; prevention & control ; Lactic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Laminectomy ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Rabbits ; Tissue Adhesions ; prevention & control

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of pethidine on electrophysiological properties of the isolated ventricular myocytes and the underlying mechanism.

METHODSLangendorff was applied to perfuse rat heart model and whole-cell current clamp and voltage clamp techniques were used.

RESULTSPethidine decreased heart rate (HR) in a concentration dependent manner and caused severe atrioventricular block (AVB) at >or=250 micromol/L. Pethidine reduced action potential amplitude and maximal rate of depolarization, prolonged action potential duration. Pethidine at 100 micromol/L decreased sodium currents (I(Na)), transient outward potassium currents (I(to)), delayed rectifier potassium currents (I(k)) and L-type calcium currents (I(Ca.L)) to (60.7+/-6.9)%, (55.4+/-5.6)%, (65.1+/-8.0)% and (67.4+/-10.1)% of control levels,respectively. These effects could be recovered by washout. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, could not abolish the effects of pethidine on ionic currents.

CONCLUSIONPethidine decreased HR and induced AVB, which may be related to the inhibition of I(Na), I(to), I(k) and I(Ca-L) of heart. The depression of cardiac currents is not mediated by opioid receptor.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Heart Block ; chemically induced ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Meperidine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid ; physiology