Objective To evaluate the effect of controlled decompression on complications such as delayed intracranial hematoma,acute encephalocele and cerebral infarction in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Wanfang data,VIP and CNKI wcrc searched for related literaturc about controlled decompression (treatment group) and traditional surgical methods(control group) for severe traumatic brain injury.The data that met the inclusion criteria were extracted,and analyzed statistically using the Review Manager 5.3.Results A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis,with respective 730 patients in control group and 908 patients in treatment group.Controlled decompression versus traditional treatment methods reduced incidence of delayed intracranial hematoma (RR =0.55,95％ CI 0.44-0.70,P ＜ 0.01),acute encephalocele(RR =0.42,95％ CI 0.32-0.53,P ＜ 0.01) and cerebral infarction (RR =0.42,95％ CI 0.32-0.55,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Applied to treat severe traumatic brain injury,controlled decompression exhibit significantly lower rate of delayed intracranial hematoma,acute encephalocele and cerebral infarction than traditional methods.

Objective To investigate the effect of ifenprodil in the mice of bone cancer pain.Methods 96 male C3H/HeJ mice were divided randomly into tumor group( Group T),control group( Group C) and sham group( Group S).The α-minimal essence media(ct-MEM) with 2 × l05 osteosarcoma NCTC 2472 cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of the right femurs of mice to induce ongoing bone cancer related pain behaviors.The sham group was inoculated by α-MEM without any cells.On the 14th d after inoculation,pain ethology indexes such as the spontaneous lifting behaviors,the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) and the paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL)were observed on 1 d before inoculation and on 3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d,17 d,19 d,23 d after inoculation.Lumbar intumescentia of mice in each group were taken out to investigate the expression level of NR2B western blot after pain behaviors tests at the same time point after intrathecal injection.Results ( 1 ) At day14 after the operation,the obvious increasing of spontaneous lifting behaviors ( ( 12.88 ±1.64) ) and the expression of NR2B (2.12 ±0.13),the significant decreasing of PWMT( (0.39 ±0.17)g) and PWTL( ( 11.59 ± 1.67 ) s ) were observed in group T compared with group S and preoperative base level (P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) At day 17,day 19 and day 23 after the operation,compared with the basal level of dayl4 before administration and group C,the spontaneous lifting behaviors ( (5.13 ± 1.38),(4.70 ± 1.58),(5.64 ± 1.17) ) of group T were obviously decreased,PWMT ( ( 1.10 ± 0.65 ) g,( 0.95 ± 0.56 ) g,( 1.05 ± 0.26 ) g) and PWTL ( ( 15.17 ± 1.27) s,( 15.93 ± 2.18 ) s,( 16.28 ± 1.48 ) s ) were increased,the expression of NR2B ( ( 1.42 ± 0.17),(1.67 ±0.53),(1.14 ±0.79) ) were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Repeated intratheal injection of ifenprodil can efficiently relieve spontaneous lifting behaviors,mechanical hyperalgia and thermal hyperalgia and decrease the expression of lumbar intumescentia NR2B in the mouse model of bone cancer pain.

Objective To investigate the role of CCL2 in pain facilitation and spinal mechanisms in the rat model of bone cancer pain.Methods The bone cancer pain model was developed by inoculating.Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the rat tibia medullary cavity.SD female rats were divided into 5 groups randomly ( n =8):sham group( group Ⅰ),sham + CCL2 antibody group( group Ⅱ),BCP group( group Ⅲ),BCP +control lgG group ( group Ⅳ),BCP + CCL2 antibody group ( group Ⅴ ).VonFrey threshold was measured one day before operation and 1 st,3 rd,5th,7th,10th,14th,21 st after operation.CCL2 antibody or control lgG was injected intrathecally from 10th to 12th day.The expression of the spinal Iba-1 ( microglial marker) in rat lumbar4-5 was detected by immunohistochemistry assay.Results From the 10th to 21st day after operation,the PMWT of group Ⅲ rats were ( 1.78 ±0.38)g,( 1.70 ±0.17)g,( 1.35 ±0.07 )g;group Ⅳ rats were (2.99 ±0.67)g,(2.52 ±0.75)g,(1.13±0.07)g ; and group Ⅴ rats were (5.88±0.66)g,(7.81 ±0.75)g,(6.19±0.53)g.Compared with group Ⅲ,the PMWT of group Ⅴ was remarkly higher (P＜0.01) ; group Ⅳ had no obvious statistical significance (P＞0.05).At the 14th day after operation,the MOD of group Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ rats were (151.3 ±10.8 ),( 149.2 ± 10.6),(74.5 ± 5.0),Compared with group Ⅲ,the MOD of group Ⅴ was significantly increased (P＜0.01 ),group Ⅳ had no obvious statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Intrathecal injection of CCL2 antibody can remarkly attenuate established pain facilitation of tibial bone cancer pain rats,and significantly suppress the expression of Iba-1.It suggests that CCL2 is involved in the bone cancer pain via activation of spinal microglia.

A novel antimicrobial peptide, named as perinerin (GenBank accession No. P84117), was isolated and characterized from Asian marine clamworms, Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube. Perinerin showes powerful and broad activity against both grampositive and gramnegtive bacteria in vitro, especially on Pseudemonas aeruginosa. To obtain large amounts of active perinerin and characterize its main physiochemical features, The perinerin weve expressed in Pichia pastoris. Intact perinerin gene amplified by the modified gene SOEing method(Gene splicing by overlap extension)was cloned into expression vector pPICZ?A and obtained recombinant vector pPICZ?APEN, then pPICZ?APEN was expressed in the Pichia pastoris GS115. The expressed sample was analyzed by TricineSDSPAGE. The results showed that Pichia pastoris was a suitable system producing the secreted form of perinerin. Bioactivity assay showed that the recombinant perinerin had marked antimicrobial effects.

Objective To explore the imaging features of external iliac artery-related postpartum hemorrhage, and to discuss its interventional therapy measures. Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of one patient with external iliac artery-related postpartum hemorrhage was retrospectively analyzed. The patient received interventional therapy at the intervention department of Shanxi provincial people ’s hospital. The relevant academic papers published in medical literature were reviewed. The common features of this condition were summarized, and the imaging features and the interventional therapy measures were discussed. Results A total of 4 patients, including authors’ case, with external iliac artery- related postpartum hemorrhage were reported in China. Of the 4 case , right external iliac artery-related postpartum hemorrhage was seen in 2 and bilateral external iliac artery-related postpartum hemorrhage was seen in other two. Embolization therapy of three abnormal branches of deep circumflex iliac artery that participated in the uterine blood supply was carried out. Immediately after the embolization the bleeding stopped. Conclusion For the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, uterine arterial embolization should be followed by abdominal aorta angiography so as to check the external iliac artery. When recurrent bleeding occurs after uterine arterial embolization, the possibility that the abnormal branches of external iliac artery participates in the uterine blood supply should be considered. In performing the embolization of abnormal branches of external iliac artery, the catheter should be inserted to the distal end of the target vessel. Under DSA monitoring the embolic agent should be slowly injected into the targeted artery and the patient should be kept under close observation for blood reflux. Usually, the embolization of abnormal branches of external iliac artery will not cause ischemic symptoms of the pelvis and distal limbs.

Objective To study the correlation between microRNA (miRNA) polymorphism and the risk and clinical prognosis of acute radiation esophagitis in patients with esophageal neoplasms. Methods 256 patients with acute radiation esophagitis during radiotherapy were chosen as the experimental group, and 256 patients matched by age and sex without acute radiation esophagitis during radiotherapy were chosen as the control group. The polymorphism types of miRNA-146a (rs2910164) were determined by Taqman gene typing technology of ABI7900HT. The genotype distribution of miRNA-146a rs2910164 polymorphism in the experimental and control groups was analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95%confidence interval (95%CI ). Results The genotype frequencies of CC, GG and CG at miRNA-146a polymorphic site rs2910164 in the experiment and control group were 20.70 % (53/256) and 33.20 % (85/256), 45.32 % (116/256) and 40.63 % (104/256), 33.98 % (87/256) and 26.17 % (67/256), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups (all P< 0.05). Compared with gene type CC, the OR values of acute radiation esophagitis in patients with gene type GC and GG were 0.654 and 0.627, respectively (P< 0.05), indicating that they had a low risk. The negative effect rates in patients with gene type GG, CG and CC were 7.69 % (8/104), 19.40 % (13/67) and 41.18 % (35/85), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical prognosis among these genotypes (P< 0.05). Conclusion Gene type CC at miRNA-146a polymorphic site rs2910164 can increase the risk of acute radiation esophagitis and decrease the clinical prognosis in patients with esophageal neoplasms.

AIM AND METHODSThe parameters of low frequency stimulation (LFS) were altered systematically (frequencies of 1, 3 or 5 Hz; number of pulses of pulses of 300 or 900; and time lag after high frequency stimulation (HFS) of 20 or 100 min) and examined their effects on depotentiation (DP) of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices of rat.

RESULTSLTP could be induced by HFS (two trains of 100 Hz, 100 pulses, separated by 30 s) and be reversed to produce DP by a train of LFS of 900 pulses at 3 Hz given 20 min after HFS. DP induced by LFS could be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 (50 micromol/L). And significantly reduced effect was observed for LFS at 1 Hz or 5 Hz, with smaller numbers of pulses or a longer time lag from LFS to HFS.

CONCLUSIONThe above results indicate that DP induced in CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices is strongly dependent on the parameters of LFS, and the process may be mediated through the NMDA receptor.

Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; methods ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synapses ; physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; physiology

AIMTo explore whether endogenous catecholamine participates in the effect of interleukin-2 on the isolated heart.

METHODSThe number of premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow(CF)were recorded in isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts.

RESULTS(1) 50 U/ml IL-2 increased the PVC number, LVDP LVEDP, HR and CF. (2) Pretreatment of reserpine or propranolol abolished the cardiac effect of IL-2 at 50 U/ml, while pretreatment with phentolamine did not change the effect of IL-2. (3) 200 U/ml IL-2 increased the number of PVC,but did not increase LVDP, LVEDP, HR and CF. (4) After pretreatment of reserpine or propranolol, IL-2 failed to increase the number of PVC, but caused decrease of LVDP, HR and CF, and elevation of LVEDP.

CONCLUSIONEndogenous catecholamine mediates the arrhythmogenic, positively chronotropic and inotropic effects of IL-2. IL-2 at 200 U/ml inhibits the cardiac function in the isolated rat heart.

Animals ; Catecholamines ; physiology ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo investigate the effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the transmembrane potential and contractile force in ventricular papillary muscle of rat and the underlying mechanism.

METHODSThe transmembrane potentials and contractile force were recorded by intracellular glass microelectrode and tension transducer in the isolated rat papillary muscles.

RESULTS(1) IL-2 shortened the action potential duration (APD50 and APD80), while had no effects on resting potential, action potential amplitude and depolarization rate. (2) IL-2 depressed the contractile force of the muscle in dose-dependent manner. IL-2 at concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 10, 50 and 200 u/ml decreased the developed tension to 94.8% (P < 0.05), 85.8%, 76.3%, 69.3% and 52.5% (P < 0.01), respectively. (3) Pretreatment with L-NAME (10(-4) mol/L) attenuated the negative inotropic effect of IL-2, in which effect of IL-2 at concentrations from 0.5 to 10 u/ml was completely abolished, and the effect of IL-2 at high dose (50 and 200 u/ml) was partly attenuated by L-NAME.

CONCLUSIONIL-2 had inhibitory effects on action potential duration and contractile force of papillary muscle, and its negative inotropic effect was mediated by nitric oxide.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Papillary Muscles ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley