Objective: To compile the osteoporosis prevention and control behavior scale for health care workers in community and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: In 20 standardized diagnosis and treatment pilot community health service centers for osteoporosis in Shanghai, 400 health care workers were conveniently sampled to conduct the survey and 20 of them who were randomly sampled underwent retest 2 weeks later. The validity of the scale was evaluated by content validity and structural validity. The reliability of the scale was tested by Cronbach's α coefficient, retest reliability and split-half reliability. Results: A total of 19 items were retained after project analysis. Scale-level content validity index/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) and scale-level CVI/average (S-CVI/Ave) were 0.944 and 0.992, respectively, after an entry with item-level CVI (I-CVI) less than 0.78 was deleted. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 85.94%. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model was consistent with the theoretical assumption, and the fitness indexes χ2/df, CFI, GFI, and RMSEA were 3.323, 0.971, 0.902, and 0.076, respectively. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of this scale was 0.978 and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the four dimensions were all over 0.9. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of each item was greater than 0.7, and the ICC of the total scale was 0.654. The split-half reliability coefficient was 0.932. Conclusion: The osteoporosis prevention and control behavior scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the implementation of osteoporosis prevention and control behavior of health care workers in community.

Objective To explore the composition and distribution law of TCM syndromes in gastric cancer. Methods Based on the multicenter and large-sample clinical epidemiological investigation, the four methods of diagnosis of and clinical materials of 767 cases of gastric cancer were collected, and the database of TCM syndromes in gastric cancer was establish. Factor analysis and clustering analysis were used to explore composition and distribution law of TCM syndromes in gastric cancer. Results Gastric cancer symptoms mainly included fatigue, weight loss, dizziness and other non-specific systemic manifestation, and epigastria discomfort, belching, fullness or eating just a little swelling, pain, acid regurgitation, loss of appetite and other local manifestations. At the same time, the red tongue, moss greasy, pulse fine or string and other traditional Chinese medicine signs were also included. Eliminating 92 cases with too little symptoms, 675 cases were under multivariate analyzed. 25 syndrome variables were selected after initial factor analysis, again through factor analysis 10 factors with eigenvalues more than 1.0 were obtained and the cumulative contribution rate was 60.5%. Through further K-means clustering analysis on 10 common factor integrals, it was found that when all the cases were clustered into 7 classes consistent with clinical practice most. The numbers of patients with the 1-7 type were 165, 82, 90, 79, 88, 95 and 76, respectively. Analysis on the main factors in the combination of professional knowledge, the 7 types were named as the syndrome of spleen and stomach qi stagnation (24.44%), the syndrome of qi and blood deficiency (12.15%), the syndrome of spleen deficiency (13.33%), the syndrome of blood stasis (11.70%), the syndrome of phlegm dampness (13.04%), the syndrome of deficiency cold of spleen and stomach (14.07%), the syndrome of incoordination between liver/gallbladder and stomach (11.41%) respectively. Conclusion The results of multivariate analysis suggests that the location of gastric cancer is in the stomach, and closely related to spleen, liver and gallbladder. The general pathogenesis is asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality. The deficiency lies in qi, blood and yang qi, while asthenia superficiality owes to stagnation of qi, phlegm and blood stasis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids.

METHODThe in vitro single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats was established to study the changes in absorption kinetic parameters of dehydrocavidine, berberine hydrochloride and palmatine chloride in C. saxicola total alkaloids after the addition of different concentrations oligochitosan and evaluate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of the drugs.

RESULTThe concentration of oligochitosan had different effects on the absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the three active component in rat intestines. Ka and Peff in 0.5% oligochitosan group significantly increased, indicating a stronger effect in promoting the absorption.

CONCLUSIONOligochitosan has a certain effect in promoting the intestinal absorptions of protoberberine alkaloids in C. saxicola total alkaloids.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:In order to enhance the early dignosis level and strengthen the understanding of pathogeny、pathology by stage and prognosis of primary gallbladder car-cinoma(PGC). Methods : The results of 679 patients of PGC from 1956 to 1998 in first affiliated hospital of Xi'an medical university were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Most of the patients belong to advanced stage when dignosised. The PGC were usually found among the old women patients. The sex ratio(female/male) was 3:1. There is a intimate relatioship between gallstone and PGC. About sixty percents of PGC might be found gallstone.The dignostic accordance rate was low between preoperation and postopera-tion.Most patients with PGC were found unexpectedly in operation due to gallstone or a-cute cholecystitis. To worse more, many of patiens with PGC were missed the opportunities of dignosis and treatment because of only paying attention to gallstone. Most of the pathological types were adenocarcinoma. The development of imaging examination is hoped to find early stage cases and improve its prognosis. Conclusion : It is a basic way for early dignosis and improving prognosis to strengthen the understanding of pathogeny, pathology by stage and prognosis and rationalize application of all kinds of exzamination means in PGC.

Objective: To study the expression of CD44 in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods: 236 patients suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis were selected and divided into pulmonary tuberculosis group ( n= 152) and non-pulmonary tuberculosis group ( n= 84), and 100 healthy people were randomly selected as healthy control group. The expression of CD44 was evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA in peripheral blood and pleural effusion from different patients. The CD44 levels at pre and post-treatment time points were determined by ELISA. The inducing factors of increased CD44 and the potentialroles played by CD44 in the pathogenesis of TB were also evaluated. We elucidated whether CD44 detection could combine with T-spot. TB to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis rapidly and accurately. Results: The expression of CD44 in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was higher compared with the non-pulmonary tuberculosis patients and healthy people, and would be down-regulated after treatment for 3, 6 and 9 months. Besides, CD44 could not remove H37 Ra by the CFU assay, and could promote the expression of CCL-2, indicating that CCD4 promote the mobility the THP-1 via induction of CCL-2. Besides, TNF-α neutralizing antibody, added into the macrophages, could inhibit the expression of CD44, and functional TNF-α induced the expression of TNF-α. Conclusion: CD44 is highly expressed in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, which may be due to the high expression of TNF-α in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, stimulating macrophages to produce CD44, and it will provide a basis for clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of combined medical treatment on auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and the effect of related factors on the prognosis. METHOD: Eleven cases (22 ears) diagnosed as auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder using multiple criteria including pure tone auditory threshold, impedance audiometry, acoustic reflexes, distortion products otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) were subjected to combined medical treatment . Eleven auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder patients diagnosed during the corresponding period but refused treatment were selected as control group. The change of pure tone auditory threshold and speech discrimination score after treatment or follow-up were evaluated for both 2 groups, and the relationship between the patients' gender, age, accompanying symptoms and curative effect were also analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software using pared-sample t-test, independent-sample test and Pearson's chi-square test. RESULT: The effective rate of combined medical therapy was 59.09% (13/22) in the therapy group. PTA levels before and after-treatment were (53.92 +/- 18.86) dB HL and (47.44 +/- 14.98) dB HL respectively in 22 ears with the combined medical therapy, the improvement of which showed statistically significance (t = 5.20, P < 0.05). No obvious hearing change was noted in the 11 patients who refused therapy (P > 0.05). Speech discrimination score before and after-treatment were (29.20 +/- 25.80)% and (41.60 +/- 22.90)% respectively for the treatment group. The average improvement of speech discrimination score was (12.40 +/- 13.80)% with statistically significant difference (t = 4.02, P < 0.05). Patients accompanied with tinnitus had relatively poorer effect compared with individuals without tinnitus (t = -3.85, P < 0.05). Age is negatively correlated with the prognosis (r = -6.72, P < 0.05). Gender had no effect on the prognosis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combined medical therapy with glucocorticoids helps improving the pure tone auditory threshold and speech discrimination score of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. In light of our findings we support the combined medical therapy as an option for patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Hearing Loss, Central ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese Jing Liqueur (Curculiginis Rhizoma,Angelicae sinensis Radix,Cistanches Herba,etc.) in relieving main symptoms of patients with Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome.METHODS Within eight-week trial,one hundred and twenty patients randomly and equally assigned to control group and experimental group took 50 mL Chinese Jing Liqueur and 50 mL 10％ diluted Chinese Jing Liqueur,respectively.The grading scale for Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome and change curve for body surface temperature after drinking were established on day 0,the 4th week day and the 8th week day.The blood samples were collected for blood hemorheologies detection as well.An array of measurements before and after drinking,the Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome scores,single symptom scores,body surface temperature and hemorheologies between the two groups were thus compared.RESULTS The experimental group displayed a significantly higher clinical cure rate (31.034％) than the control group (5.172％) (P =0.000),total effective rate (69.966％)than the control group (34.483％) (P =0.000).The experimental group didn't compromise its superiority to the control group if evaluated by improvement in chilly sensation and the cold limbs (35.593％ to 6.667％,P =0.000);and by the fibrinogen level [(2.845 ± 0.724) g/L to (2.500 ± 0.395) g/L,P =0.004)].No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was observed (P =0.619).Meanwhile,Chinese Jing Liqueur's power in improving the patients' fatigue and weakness of waist and knees,hyposexuality,listlessness,nocturia and lower extremity edema was noticed as well.CONCLUSION For patients with Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome,Chinese Jing Liqueur proves its efficacy in improving their main symptoms through enhancing the basic skin temperature and prolonging the duration of skin temperature rise.

Bio-active components from Carthamus tinctorius were separated on the basis of antioxidant capacities in vitro. The antioxidant capacity was investigated on the basis of the ability to scavenge DPPH radical, ABTS radical and reduce Fe3+ of different polar fractions. Furthermore, the chemical compounds were isolated from bio-active fraction, and were evaluated for the antioxidative effects. Five major components were isolated and identified from water extract as 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside(1), 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside-6-O-β-D-glucoside (2), 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), hydroxysafflor yellow A (4) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (5). By evaluating and comparing the antioxidative effects of different fractions and obtained compounds, the results showed that water extract displayed significantly high antioxidative activities and 6-hydroxykaempferol glycosides and quinochalcone C-glycosides were found as main contribution for antioxidant property.
Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Benzothiazoles ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Ferric Compounds ; metabolism ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Kaempferols ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinones ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Sulfonic Acids ; metabolism ; Water ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between EGFR activation and down-regulation of miRNA-145 in lung cancer.

METHODSNormal human lung epithelia cell line (BEAS-2B), human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with wild-type EGFR (A549 and H292) and human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with EGFR mutation (H1975 and H1650) were chosen in this study. The levels of miRNA-145 and p-EGFR were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively, and the relationship between p-EGFR and miRNA-145 levels was analyzed. The miRNA-145 levels were determined by qRT-PCR after activating EGFR with EGF or blocking EGFR signal pathway with AG1478. In addition, ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was used to inhibit ERK1/2 activation and then the expression of miRNA-145 was detected.

RESULTSThe miRNA-145 levels were closely negatively related with p-EGFR in lung cancer cells (r = -0.926, P = 0.024). EGF down-regulated miRNA-145 expression, particularly in BEAS-2B cells (53.0%; t = 30.993, P = 0.001) and A549 cells (42.6%; t = 14.326, P = 0.005).The miRNA-145 was up-regulated after inhibiting p-EGFR with AG1478, and significantly enhanced by 67.5% in H1975 cells when treated with AG1478 (t = 8.269, P = 0.014). The ERK1/2 signal pathway was activated by p-EGFR. U0126 restored the miRNA-145 down-regulation induced by EGFR-activation in lung cancer cells.

CONCLUSIONThe activation of EGFR down-regulates miRNA-145 expression through ERK1/2 in lung cancer cells.

Butadienes ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Tyrphostins ; pharmacology

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; Humans ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; Keratinocytes ; metabolism ; Melanins ; metabolism ; Melanocytes ; metabolism ; PAX3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; metabolism