Objective To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug sensitivity in childhood bacillary dysentery,and to guide clinically the selection of reasonable antibiotics.Methods Bacterial drug susceptibility test was performed by standard Kirby-Bauer method.The results were interpreted according to NCCLS 2002.Results Of the 98 cases,there were two types of positive bacterial species:sh.flexneri(n = 77)and sh.sonnei(n = 21).Both sh.flexneri and sh.sonnei were sensitive to cefoperazone,eeftazidime,ceftriaxone,cefoperazone/sulbactam and fura- zolidone,and insensitive to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole.Conclusion sh.flexneri was the major pathogen of child- hood bacillary dysentery.The third generation cephalosporins were the first choice for shigella infections.

Objective To carry out the quality control testing and evaluation for three digital mammography systems.Methods The performance of three digital mammography systems was assessed by applying methods recommended in the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis and Chinese specification for testing of quality control in X-ray mammography.The performance of X-ray generator of three digital mammography systems were tested and evaluated.CDMAM 3.4 phantom with four different thickness(30,40,50,60 mm) were exposured in DR,PCM,and CR system,respectively.The average glandular dose (AGD) value was measured and image quality figure (IQF) analysis was performed in each thickness.Results The X-ray machine performance of DR and CR was in accordance with existing standard,however the standard was inappropriate to evaluate part of X-ray machine performance of PCM system.The AGDs for system DR were 1.20,1.42,1.75 and 2.20 mGy for 30,40,50 and 60 mm PMMA thickness,respectively.The respective AGDs for system PCM and CR were 0.82,1.19,1.33,1.70 mGy and 0.59,0.88,1.47,2.19 mGy.For the same phantom thickness sequence,the IQFs were 21.36,21.57,27.25 and 30.58 for system DR,28.02,29.10,35.90,and 41.24 for system PCM,whereas they were 39.78,39.30,43.85 and 48.08 for system CR.Conclusions The AGDs of all three systems were in accordance with the values recommended in European guideline.The AGD and IQF could provide an effective way for performance assessment and constancy checks for digital mammography systems.

Several fundamental problems in hydrophobic force measurements using atomic force microscope (AFM) are discussed in this paper. A novel method for colloid probe preparation based on chemical etching technology is proposed, which is specially fit for the unique demands of hydrophobic force measurements by AFM. The features of three different approaches for determining spring constants of rectangular cantilevers, including geometric dimension, Cleveland and Sader methods are compared. The influences of the sizes of the colloids on the measurements of the hydrophobic force curves are investigated. Our experimental results showed that by selecting colloid probe with proper spring constant and tip size, the hydrophobic force and the complete hydrophobic interaction force curve can be measured by using AFM.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possibility of evaluation the Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects according to the immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODThe possibility of Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects was obtained from the discriminant equation of the Chinese medicine with immune regulation effects. The original articles about the Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects were found since 1980 in CNKI. Using literatures determinate immune effects.

RESULTThere were 53 kinds, that with calculated determination, from total 60 Chinese medicinal formulae with literatures determinate on immune regulation effects. The coincidence was 88% (53/60). The discriminant score was 0. 89 +/- 0. 03 in group one (there were two or more than two articles have been published to support the medicines immune effects and the articles were finished by different unites independently) and was 0.60 +/- 0.29 in group of random Chinese medicinal formulae. There was a significant deviation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt was proved preliminarily that the principle of calculation presented in this paper is valuable for the immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of dysmenorrhea among female college students in Changchun city, so as to provide scientific basis for health promotion and effective preventive measurement. Methods Non-randomized convenience sampling and face to face interview were used to collect information from female college students aged between 17 and 25 years in 14 universities in Changchun. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to analyze influencing factors of dysmenorrhea. Results The average age of 1 071 subjects was 21.21 ± 1.83 years. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 86.55%. The proportion of mild dysmenorrhea among the subjects was 62.56%, followed by 33.01% with moderate dysmenorrhea and 4.43% with severe dysmenorrhea; 80.76% of subjects paid attention to keep warm in the daily life. Normal BMI, sleeping before 23 o'clock or between 23 to 24 o'clock, taking exercise frequently or everyday might be the protective factors of dysmenorrhea, and the OR values (95% CI) were respectively as 0.60 (0.37-0.97), 0.56 (0.37-0.84), 0.42 (0.22-0.78) and 0.63(0.42-0.97). Tension and the family history of dysmenorrhea might be the risk factors, and the OR values (95%CI) were respectively 1.63 (1.10-2.41), 4.84 (2.80-8.35). Conclusion The prevalence of dysmenorrhea is high among female college students. Lacking exercise, BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2, staying up late, tension and the family history of dysmenorrhea may be the influencing factors of dysmenorrhea among female college students.

The effects of epigenetic modification on the differentiation of islet cells and the expression of associated genes (Pdx-1, Pax4, MafA, and Nkx6.1, etc) were investigated. The promoter methylation status of islet differentiation-associated genes (Pdx-1, Pax4, MafA and Nkx6.1), Oct4 and MLH1 genes of mouse embryonic stem cells, NIH3T3 cells and NIT-1 cells were profiled by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation, real-time quantitative PCR (MeDIP-qPCR) techniques. The histone modification status of these genes promoter region in different cell types was also measured by using chromatin immunoprecipitation real-time quantitative PCR methods. The expression of these genes in these cells was detected by using real-time quantitative PCR. The relationship between the epigenetic modification (DNA methylation, H3 acetylation, H3K4m3 and H3K9m3) of these genes and their expression was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the transcription-initiation-sites of Pdx-1, MafA and Nkx6.1 were highly methylated in NIH3T3 cells; (2) NIH3T3 cells showed a significantly higher level of DNA methylation modification in the transcription-initiation-site of Pdx-1, Pax4, MafA and Nkx6.1 genes than that in mES cells and NIT-1 cells (P<0.05); (3) NIT-1 cells had a significantly higher level of H3K4m3 modification in the transcription-initiation-site of Pdx-1, Pax4, MafA and Nkx6.1 genes than that in mES cells and NIH3T3 cells (P<0.05), with significantly increased level of gene expression; (4) NIH3T3 cell had a significantly higher level of H3K9m3 modification in the transcription-initiation-site of Pdx-1, Pax4, MafA and Nkx6.1 genes than that in mES cells and with NIT-1 cell (P<0.05), with no detectable mRNA expression of these genes. It was concluded that histone modification (H3K4m3 and H3K9m3) and DNA methylation might have an intimate communication between each other in the differentiation process from embryonic stem cells into islet cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of low frequency electric deep brain stimulation on amygdale kindling in rats.Methods The amygdale kinkling model of rats was established by operation on the brain.The effects of low frequency deep brain electric stimulation used alone or in combination with anti-epilepsy drugs were ob- served in terms of severity of seizure attack reflected by Racine's scale and afterdischarge duration recorded in electro- encephalogram.Results Fifteen minutes of low frequency electric stimulation at 1 Hz and 100 to 350?A effective- ly inhibited amygdale kindling as demonstrated by a significant decrease of afterdischarge duration,and decreased the severity of seizure attack (P

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)and advanced glycation end products (AGE)levels were measured in the diabetic patients with or without foot problems as well as in healthy retired people. In diabetic patients serum MMP-9 and AGE levels were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. Median MMP-9 level in patients with diabetic foot was higher than that in diabetic patients without foot ulcers. Increased serum MMP-9 in diabetes might predict occurance of diabetic foot and poor wound healing of the foot ulcers.

Objective To develope a new Real-time quantitative PCR assay using SYBR green as fluorescence reporter, which is rapid, specific, sensitive, cheap and accurate for the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), and evaluated its clinical application value.Methods The sequence of the 23S rRNA gene in MP type strain FH was selected as amplified regions, and specific primers were designed.Then the related plasmids were extracted as standards,and the absolute quantitative standard curve was established.The sensitivity ,specificity of the fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was compared with the nest-PCR and kit;To calculate correlation coefficient, coincidence rate and kappa coefficient, clinical samples were detected using above-mentioned methods and cultivation,respectively.Results The detection sensitivity of the new real-time PCR and nest-PCR was 10 copies of FH DNA,while the kit 100 copies.In the specificity tests,the MP sample was positive,while mycoplasma hominis and other four bacteria were all negative.We applied this real-time PCR assay ,nest-PCR, kit and cultivation to 182 clinical specimens, and the detection rates were 55.49％, 52.75％, 47.25％ and 39.01％ ,respectively.The total consistency rate and Kappa coefficient of the new real-time PCR method and nest-PCR were 89.6％ ,0.790, respectively;while those of the new method and cultivation were 83.5 ％ ,0.678, respectively.The total consistency rate and Kappa coefficient of the new real-time PCR method and the kit were 89.6％ ,0.792,respectively;and the correlation coefficient of these two methods was 0.923,P ＜ 0.001.Conclusion Compared with other methods, the new real-time PCR assay could be used to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae quickly and economically, with high sensitivity and specificity ,revealing great utility value on varied instrumentation platforms.

Objective To identify Isatidis Radix in different areas by SDS-PAGE;To provide the basis for the identification and quality evaluation of Isatidis Radix. Methods By using SDS-PAGE technology, the protein profiles of Isatidis Radix in Heilongjiang and Hebei regions were established. Results Isatidis Radix protein in Heilongjiang contained about 13 protein subunits, and the major subunits were 10.5 kD, 23.0 kD, 24.9 kD, and 44.1 kD. Isatidis Radix protein in Hebei contained about 12 subunits, and the major subunits were 55.6 kD, 45.9 kD, 34.3 kD, 18.9 kD, 12.4 kD, and 10.5 kD. Conclusion SDS-PAGE technology can be used as one of the references to identify Isatidis Radix in different areas.