Cell transplantation has great potentials in repairing damaged tissue.If we want to use the cell transplants to treat diseases that respond poorly to the conventional treatment,or provide better treatments,in vivo dynamic tracking is particularly important.The application of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) improves a common inconvenience of the current invasive tests including immunohistochemical study or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study and so on.Researchers has established a variety of preparation methods of the particles,groped the optimal condition of cell marking.SPIO were proved to be feasible and superior in cell tracking in vivo through animal experiments.The results provide the reliable means of using SPIO to track cell in clinical treatments.This review gives a summary of the related study.

Objective:To summarize the complications' prevention and nursing experience for patients after autologous transplantation of the microvascular submandibular gland for severe keratoconjunctivis sicca.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 141 patients(151 sides) after autologous microvascular submandibular gland transfer operation was undertaken to record the timing and incidence of major complications and to summarize the nursing experience.Results: The main complications after the transplantation were: vascular crisis,catheter obstruction,salivary fistula and temporary paralysis of hypoglossal nerve.Related nursing measures in response to these complications were discussed.Conclusion:Targeted nur-sing interventions for patients with autologous transplantation the submandibular gland have a positive effect on the prevention of the surgical complications.

Objective To establish an UPLC method for the determination of sinomenine in Sinomenine External Applied Powder. Methods The UPLC method was carried out on a C18 column by using acetonitrile-water-ethylene diamine (50:50:0.25) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.2 mL/min; the sample quantity was 2 μL; the detection wavelength was 283 nm. Results The peak time was within 1 min or so. The calibration curve of sinomenine was in the linear range of 34.2–2188.0 ng. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, stable and reliable, which can be used for the determination of sinomenine in Sinomenine External Applied Powder.

Objective To analyze the advantage of altered fractionation radiotherapy by calculating the accumulative effects of daily biologically effective dose (BED) to find out the difference between conventional fractionated radiotherapy and altered fractionation radiotherapy.Methods The data in the report of hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer published by Cochrane Collaboration in 2010 was analyzed.Based on the radiotherapy processes mentioned in this report,the accumulative effects of daily BED were calculated and compared in different radiotherapy processes by using linear-quadratic mode.The variation of BED in different radiotherapy processes was find out.Results In total dose of unity as the premise of 70 Gy,altered fractionation especially the hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy could give a higher BED to the tumor during a shorter period,hyperfractionated radiotherapy could give a lower BED to normal tissues,and hyperfractionated radiotherapy with split course could give higher BED to the tumor while lower BED to normal tissues.Conclusions The variation of BED in different radiotherapy processes can be shown clearly by linear-quadratic mode.It can be simple and shortcut through mathematical models for the evaluation of different radiotherapy plan,on clinical symptomatic selection play a guiding role in tumor therapy.

Objective To study the difference in the measurement of the absorbed dose in water between the dosimetry protocols of IAEA TRS-398 and TRS-277 for high-energy electron beams.Methods The differences were compare in absorbed doses from 6 kinds of electron beams among the three methods of using cylindrical chamber,plane-parallel chamber and cross-calibrated plane-parallel chamber which was calibrated in user' s high-energy electron beam according to IAEA TRS-398 and IAEA TRS-277.Results The difference in absorbed doses measured,following the two protocols,was 0.4％-2.3％ for planeparallel chamber,0.6％-2.2％ for cylindrical chamber,and 0.5％-2.0％ for cross-calibrated chamber.The differences in measured absorbed doses between the two dosimetry protocols were slight.Conclusions The methods used to determine absorbed dose to water recommanded by IAEA TRS-398 for high-energy beams are more accurate and more suitable for clinical users to measure compared to the TRS-277.

Objective To explore the MatriXX measurements the dose distributions for each beam in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans were measured with 0 degree gantry angle and actual gantry position respectively.To discuss whether the two multi-angle synthetic pass rate from the two methods has statistics differences.Methods The dose distributions for each beam in IMRT plans were measured with 0 degree gantry angle and actual gantry position for twelve patients with head and neck tumor respectively.The γ pass rates (according to 3％/3 mm) for each beam under each angle condition was obtained by the comparison between the measured and the calculated dose distributions from the treatment planning system which was treated as the reference distribution.Use the t-test to analyse the actual gantry angle method and use the one factor analysis of variance to analyze the two multi-angle synthetic pass rate from the two methods.Results The γ pass rates of actual gantry angle was found generally declined seemingly compared with 0 degree gantry angle,but differentγ pass rates showed only in 80 °,120°and 240° with98.71％,93.59％(t=2.10,P=0.000),98.15％,93.17％ (t=2.10,P=0.000) and 98.94％,92.85％ (t =2.10,P =0.000) respectively.The γpass rate of multi-angle synthetic was seemingly between methods (98.27％,94.63 ％,F =0.50,P =0.134).Conclusions Two kinds of IMRT verification mode are from two position to validated the IMRT plans dose accuracy,comparatively analysing the conclusions drawn from the two methods can protect accuracy of IMRT plans more comprehensively.

Objective To observe the effect of stageⅢdiabetic nephropathy(DN)treated by Qizhi Jiangtang capsule and explore its potential mechanism. Methods According to digital table method,the patients who conformed to the diagnostic criteria of stageⅢDN were randomly divided into two groups:an experiment group and a control group. All the patients in the two groups took elution treatment for 2 weeks,and then were treated with western basic therapy. The patients in the experiment group were administered orally with Qizhi Jiangtang capsule(2.5 g once, 3 times a day),while those in the control group treated with valsartan 80 mg,once a day. Urine microalbumin(mALB), mALB/urine creatinine(UCr),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),α1-microglobulin(α1-MG)were observed in the two groups,endothelin-1(ET-1),nitric oxide(NO),thromboxane B2(TXB2),6-keto prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) were also determined. Serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum cystatin-C(Cys-C),retinol-binding protein(RBP),β2-MG were detected in the blood biochemistry automatic analyzer. These laboratory markers were inspected before treatment and at the 4th,8th and 12th week after treatment. Results Ninety-six patients in the experiment group and 95 patients in the control group were effectively included in the end. Before treatment,there were no statistic significant differences in urine mALB,mALB/UCr,β2-MG,α1-MG and blood ET-1,NO,TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α between two groups(all P>0.05). Along with the prolongation of treatment,urine mALB,mALB/UCr,β2-MG,α1-MG and ET-1,TXB2 were significantly reduced,while NO,6-keto-PGF1α were significantly raised in the two groups after treatment,and the above changes in the experimental group were more obvious. There were statistic significant differences of mALB,mALB/UCr,β2-MG,α1-MG and TXB2,6-keto-PGF1αbetween two groups at the 12th week after treatment〔mALB(mg/L):36.6±9.2 vs. 78.6±16.5,mALB/UCr(mg/mmol):3.90±1.97 vs. 9.70±2.90,β2-MG(mg/L):0.25±0.10 vs. 0.40±0.12,α1-MG(mg/L):8.40±2.26 vs. 12.50±3.21,TXB2 (ng/L):75.8±18.7 vs. 94.7±21.7,6-keto-PGF1α(ng/L):73.4±15.2 vs. 65.2±11.5,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. But there were no statistic significant differences of ET-1 and NO between experimental group and control group at the same time-points〔ET-1(ng/L):57.6±6.9 vs. 59.1±6.2,NO(μmol/L):68.9±11.6 vs. 65.4±10.7,both P>0.05〕. In each of the two groups,the comparisons of the levels of SCr,BUN before and after treatment,there was no statistical significant difference at any time point;the same comparisons between the two groups,there was also no statistic significant difference before treatment and at each of the same time-point after treatment(all P>0.05). The levels of Cys-C,RBP andβ2-MG of the control group after treatment had the tendency of decreasing,but no statistic significant differences were found(all P>0.05). The levels of Cys-C,RBP,β2-MG of the experimental group at the 12th week after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment〔Cys-C(mg/L):0.72±0.07 vs. 0.89±0.12,RBP (mg/L):53.0±14.2 vs. 66.1±16.5,β2-MG(mg/L):1.86±0.71 vs. 2.79±0.82,all P<0.05〕. Conclusions Qizhi Jiangtang capsule can significantly reduce the levels of urine mALB and mALB/UCr of patients with stageⅢDN and stabilize their renal functions;its therapeutic effect is better then that of valsartan. Its mechanisms are related to the reduction of ET-1,elevation of NO,maintenance of dynamic equilibrium of thromboxane A2/prostacycline(TXA2/PGI2) and protection of vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To explore the change of the pre-swallow peak pressure of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) in patients with post-stroke cricopharyngeal achalasia,and investigate the effect of pre-swallowing peak UES pressure on swallowing function by quantitative analysis.Methods Fifty-seven stroke patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia were recruited and divided into balloon dilation group,combined training group and routine swallowing training group with 19 patients in eachp.All the three groups accepted routine swallowing training.In addtion,the routine swallowing training group and balloon dilation group accepted larynx elevation training and balloon dilation training,respectively,while the combined training group accepted larynx elevation training and balloon dilation training simultaneously.The pre-swallow peak UES pressure was measured by using PC polygraph high rate gastrointestinal dynamical detection system (PC Polygraf HR,CTD-synectics,Sweden) before and after 8 weeks of treatment.The swallowing function was assessed using swallowing function classification and water swallowing test.Results Before treatment,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of the pre-swallow peak UES pressure,swallowing function classification,water swallowing test and VFSS (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,pre-swallow peak UES pressure,swallowing function classification,water swallowing test and VFSS of the balloon dilation group and combined training group improved significantly compared with those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement in the combined training group was to a significantly better extent than in the balloon dilation group(P ＜O.05).Conclusion Balloon dilation and larynx elevation training plus routine swallowing training can increase pre-swallow peak UES pressure,decrease the UES resting pressure of stroke patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia,which is of great importance for their recovery.

Objective To observe the effect of different ways of balloon catheter dilation techniques on cricopharyngeal achalasia and its mechanisms.Methods Thirty patients with deglutition disorder after brain stem infarction,whose cricopharyngeal achalasias were proven by videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS),were randomly divided into three groups: No.14 conventional catheter group A,No.14 modified bicavitary silica-gel catheter group B and No.22 conventional catheter group C with 10 cases in each group,respectively.All the patients of 3 groups received multiple times corresponding balloon catheter dilatation per nasal or per os(No.22 conventional catheter group C only per os).Results After an average of 30 d of balloon catheter dilatation,the level of dysphagia and VFSS evaluation of all patients improved significantly(P ＜ 0.05).However,the No.14 conventional catheter group A and No.22 conventional catheter group C improved to a greater extent than No.14 modified bicavitary silica-gel catheter group B(P ＜ 0.05).The saccule perimeter,saccule diameter and saccule intracapsular pressure of No.14 conventional catheter group A and No.22 conventional catheter group C increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05)when compared to those of No.14 modified bicavitary silica-gel catheter group B,but there was no significant diffference beween No.14 conventional catheter group A and No.22 conventional catheter group C(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The balloon catheter dilation technique can significantly improve swallowing function of deglutition disorders patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction,which is related positively to saccule diameter and saccule intracapsular pressure.