Seven sinapine analogs (6a-6g) were synthesized using cinnamon acid or benzoic acid and their derivatives as starting materials, which obtained from substituted benzaldehyde and malonate. The structures of target compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The effects of compounds 6a-6g on the smooth muscle of intestine isolated from rabbit were studied, and the experimental results showed that compounds 6a, 6d and 6g had diastolic action, while 6f had contractile action.

Radiotherapy is the principle method of non-surgical treatment for esophageal cancer.The 5-year survival rate ranges from 20％ to 40％.In recent years,the studies have found that anti-angiogenesis therapy can not only directly inhibit tumor nutritional intake,but also turn around tumor hypoxia by normalizing tumor vessels so as to enhance the radio-sensitivity of tumor ceils,which is expected to become an effective way to improve the curative effect of esophageal cancer radiotherapy.

Purpose: To confirm the therapeutic effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) on the experimental spinal cord injury. Method: Wistar rats were subjected to incomplete spinal cord injury using the modified Allen method. The effects were observed by means of neurologic scoring, quantitative enzyme histocytoehemistry、quantitative immunohistocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: 1) The treated group exhibited significantly higher scores than the control group. 2) Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity of anterior horn cells in the treated group was higher than that of the control group invarious time, and its activity restored to normal level two weeks after injury; Acid phosphatase(AePase) activity was lower than that of the control group in various time. and its activity restored to normal level four weeks after injury. The content of Nissl's bodies in anterior horn cells in the treated group was higher than that of the control goup one week after injury. 3)The number of axon in a certain area of spinal white matter in the treated group was more than that of the control group. 4)Ultrastructural observation showed that both the nerve tissue injury and the extent of hemorrhage were milder in the treated group than that of the control group. Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of TRH on the spinal cord injury" are shown not only in the improving recovery of motor function, but also in the morphology.

Objective To investigate the distribution of ligustrazine hydrochloride in guinea pig blood, cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph fluid afte intramuscular injection. Methods The HPLC was used for determination of ligustrazine hydrochloride in guinea pig blood, cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph fluid afte intramuscular injection by internal and external standard method.Results Ligustrazine hydrochloride could be absorbed into blood rapidly after intramuscular administration in guinea pig. The concentration reach its high level in 20 min.It was 357.76 ?g/ml. It decreased to low level 2 h after injection.It could be found in cerebrospinal fluid 10 min after injection. The concentration reached its high level in 20 min.It was 120.50 ?g/ml.It decreased to low level 70 min after injection. The ligustrazine hydrochloride could be found in perilymph fluid 5 min later.Its high level in 20 min was 215.79 ug/ml.It decreased to low level 70 min after injection.The results indicated that ligustrazine hydrochloride was rapidly absorbed and eliminated after intramuscular administration in guinea pig.Conclusion Ligustrazine hydrochloride can be absorbed into blood, enter cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph fluid. It can pass through blood-brain barrier and blood-labyrinth barrier. The results indicates that ligustrazine hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed and eliminated after intramuscular administration in guinea pig.

Objective To determine the prognostic factors after radical resection (RR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Altogether 144 patients who had undergone RR for HCC from 1988 through 1995 were included for a univariate and a Cox multivariate analysis.Nineteen factors contributing to overall survival rate (SR) and disease-free SR were analysed.Results The 5-year SR and disease-free SR (N=144) were 47.3% and 23.9%,separately.Multivariate analysis revealed that classification of RR was the signficant factor to overall SR,and presence of vessel invasion was the signficant factor to disease-free SR.The 5-year SR and disease-free SR in the patholngically RR and clinically RR groups were 60.2%,29.0% and 14.0%,0%,respectively.The 5-year disease-free SR in the group without (or with) vessel invasion was 27.8% (or 0%).Conclusions The classification of RR is the determinative prngnostie factor.Pathologically RR is the first option for patients with in- dications.It is essential to improve adjuvant therapy to decrease postoperative recurrence and metastasis rates.

Medical psychology master's degree graduate student course mainly includes basic cour-ses, professional courses and psychological skills training, professional practice skills learning and scientific research quality training. Due to the constraints of discipline development starting late, teachers being rela-tively weak and other objective factors, in curriculum setting, there exist problems of unclear objectives, confusing the primary with secondary, unclear standard, lacking principles, and in particular, there are obvious deficiencies in the training and cultivation of students' ! professional skills . Based on the above objective problems, we made preliminary discussion on the training objectives, the main problems, curricu-lum setting, assessment standards and principles to follow, in order to achieve the purpose of cultivating high-level application-oriented talents through curriculum design and teaching practice.

Objective To detect the expression of CD133 in hepatic cell lines SMMC7721 and bcl-7402, and to investigate the possibility of CD133 as the surface marker of liver cancer stem cells. Methods The cell cycle and expression of CD133 in hepatic cell lines SMMC7721 and bcl-7402 were detected by flow eytometry. Magnetic cell sorting was used to isolate CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells. The differences in morphology, proliferation and differentiation between CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells were observed and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and u test. Results The percentages of CD133-positive cells in SMMC7721 and bcl-7402 cell lines were 0.7% -1.0% and 1.7% -8.9%, respectively. The percentages of CD133-positive cells in G0>/G1> phase in the 2 cell lines were 85.3% and 89.4%, which were significantly higher than CD133-negative cells and unsorted cells (F = 14.49, 38.84, P <0.05). The in vitro proliferation capability of CD133-positive cells was greater than that of CD133-negative cells and unsorted cells, especially during day 1-3 and day 5-7 (F =49.32,784.04, 89.91, 152.83, P < 0. 05). During the cultivation, the proportion of the CD133-positive cells decreased as time passed by, and the proportion of CD133-positive cells was nearly the same as unsorted cells on day 15 (u =O. 271, P <0.05). Conclusions CD133-positive ceils have strong capability of proliferation and differentiation in SMMC7721 and bcl-7402 cell lines in vitro. CD133 is one of the surface markers of liver cancer stem cells.

Objective To investigate the current status about nursing undergraduate students' knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP)regarding nosocomial infection.Methods The self-administered questionnaires were employed to survey 108 undergraduate nursing students on the basis of a simple random sampling method.Results In the knowledge dimension,the nursing students earned 78.3％ of accuracy rate when responding to the questionnaires.The students also demonstrated positive attitudes towards nosocomial infection and occupational safety,particularly the female students.In terms of practice,the students performed relatively poor as 36.1％ of the students were unclear about the classification of medical garbage and 22.2％ of the students used their non-clean hands to touch their eye-glasses.Conclusions The undergraduate nursing students have demonstrated adequate knowledge and proper attitude towards nosocomial infection and occupational safety,however,some behaviors need to be changed.Nursing schools and hospitals should be aware of these findings and provide more training programs regarding nosocomial infection and occupational safety so that they can help students formulate good habits to prevent and control nosocomial infection.

Abstract?AIM: To analyze the clinical effects of partial rectus muscle transportation procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle paralysis.?METHODS:The conditions of 22 patients (25 eyes) who underwent partial rectus muscle transportation procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle paralysis were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were analyzed:1 ) the angle of deviation of primary position; 2 ) the presence of diploma in the primary position;3) the presence of compensatory head posture;4) the motility of the affected eye.All of the patients attended 6mo postoperative follow-up examinations.?RESULTS: According to the results of examinations before and during operation, different operations were performed:2 eyes were treated with partial rectus muscle transportation, 20 eyes were treated with recession of antagonistic muscle of paralytic rectus muscle combined with partial rectus muscle transportation, 3 eyes were treated with recession of antagonistic muscle, partial rectus muscle transportation and recession of yoke muscle.Twenty patients were orthotropia in the primary position, the diploma and abnormal head posture were eliminated. Two patients with binocular lateral rectus muscles paralysis were in mild undercorrection which were resolved by wearing 8△and 10△prisms respectively. The procedure improved strabismus of 25 eyes from 100.23△ ± 42.61△ preoperatively to 0.82△ ± 2.67△postoperatively ( t=10.797,P<0.001).Ocular movement was improved from -4.52 ±0.51 preoperatively to -2.68 ± 0.63 postoperatively (t=-19.468, P<0.001).? CONCLUSION: Partial rectus muscle transportation procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle paralysis can effectively correct the primary position in paralytic strabismus, eliminate the presence of diploma in primary position and abnormal head posture, and improve the ocular motility, which provides content clinical effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of fracture and dislocation of atlantoaxial spine via posterior approach .Methods 19 patients with fracture and dislocation of atlantoaxial spine in this hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were selected and treated with open reduction and pedicle screw fixation via posterior approach . The X‐radiographs were postoperatively re‐examined at regular time for understanding the correction of fracture and dislocation and implant fusion results ,the neurological functions were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores . Results All cases got bony fusion without the occurrence of internal fixation loosening ,broken screw or broken rod .The JOA score was improved from preoperative (7 .35 ± 2 .39) points to postoperative (13 .21 ± 2 .53) points (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The posteri‐or atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation and fusion for treating upper cervical spine injury has satisfactory effect .