Diseases in Twins ; Epilepsy ; complications ; Epiphyses, Slipped ; etiology ; Femur Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the pulmonary pathology in patients died of fatal human influenza A(H1N1) infection.

METHODSEight cases of fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection, including 2 autopsy cases and 6 paramortem needle puncture biopsies, were enrolled into the study. Histologic examination, immunohistochemitry, flow cytometry and Western blotting were carried out.

RESULTSThe major pathologic changes included necrotizing bronchiolitis with surrounding inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage. Influenza viral antigen expression was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of nuclear protein and hemagglutinin virus antigens in parts of trachea, bronchial epithelium and glands, alveolar epithelium, macrophages and endothelium. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate of type II pneumocytes (32.15%, 78.15%) was significantly higher than that of the controls (1.93%, 3.77%).

CONCLUSIONNecrotizing bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage followed by pulmonary fibrosis in late stage are the major pathologic changes in fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Antigens, Viral ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bronchiolitis, Viral ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; virology ; Lung ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

Sedum alfredii Hance has been identified as zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) co-hyperaccumulator. In this paper the relationships of Zn or Cd hyperaccumulation to the generation and the role of H2O2 in Sedum alfredii H. were examined. The results show that Zn and Cd contents in the shoots of Sedum alfredii H. treated with 1000 micromol/L Zn2+ and/or 200 micromol/L Cd2+ increased linearly within 15 d. Contents of total S, glutathione (GSH) and H2O2 in shoots also increased within 15 d, and then decreased. Total S and GSH contents in shoots were higher under Cd2+ treatment than under Zn2+ treatment. However, reverse trends of H2O2 content in shoots were obtained, in which much higher H2O2 content was observed in Zn2+-treated shoots than in Cd2+-treated shoots. Similarly, the microscopic imaging of H2O2 accumulation in leaves using H2O2 probe technique showed that much higher H2O2 accumulation was observed in the Zn2+-treated leaf than in the Cd2+-treated one. These results suggest that there are different responses in the generation of H2O2 upon exposure to Zn2+ and Cd2+ for the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii H. And this is the first report that the generation of H2O2 may play an important role in Zn hyperaccumulation in the leaves. Our results also imply that GSH may play an important role in the detoxification of dissociated Zn/Cd and the generation of H2O2.
Cadmium ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Plant Shoots ; drug effects ; Sedum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Sulfur ; metabolism ; Zinc ; pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the awareness of diabetes and to explore the influencing factors of it among the elderly population in Shanghai rural community.Methods:A cross-sectional study method was used in the research.Epidemiological investigation was undertaken in residents of 40-75 years old in Yunsong Commuinity of Pudong New Area in March to April,2014.Among the population,diabetic patients were selected to conducted questionnaire survey,physical examination,and laboratory testing.Objective:A total of 256 diabetic patients completed questionnaires.The awareness rate of diabetes was 50.78％(130/256).The awareness rate of diabetes indicated that the statistical significance was found in patients with different educational background,blood lipid level,fasting blood-glucose level,HbA1c and exercise habits(P<0.05).The multi-factor logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the educational level,glycosylated hemoglobin level and exercise habits were the main independent influencing factors for the awareness rate of diabetes.Conclusions:The level of awareness rate of diabetes in Shanghai Yunsong community is in the moderate level.Education should be strengthened to increase the rate of diabetes awareness for patients with low educational background,worse glucose control and no exercise habit.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; blood ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To compare the efficacy of Kirschner wire fixation combined with Suture-Bridge technique and simple Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of old lateral malleolar avulsion fractures under all-inside arthroscopy.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 56 patients with old lateral malleolar avulsion fractures, admitted at Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2018 to June 2022, including 32 males (32 feet) and 24 females (24 feet), aged 19-57 years [(35.2±11.1)years]. Twenty-five patients were treated with Kirschner wire fixation under all-inside arthroscopy (K-wire group), while the other 31 patients were treated with Kirschner wire fixation combined with Suture-Bridge technique under all-inside arthroscopy (K-wire combined with suture group). The surgical time, incision healing at 2 weeks after surgery, and fracture healing rate at 6 months after surgery of the two groups were detected. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores, and foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) scores [including activities of daily living (ADL) scores and sports function (S) scores] of the two groups were assessed before surgery, at 3, 6 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up. The anterior drawer test was performed at 3, 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up. The time of return to sports after surgery and complication rates were also recorded.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-18 months [(14.2±2.2)months]. The surgical time in the K-wire combined with suture group was (56.3±12.5)minutes, longer than (41.1±8.2)minutes in the K-wire group ( P<0.01). The incisions in both groups were healed by first intention at 2 weeks after surgery. In the K-wire combined with suture group, all the fractures were healed at 6 months after surgery (100%), while in the K-wire group 22 patients (88%) obtained fracture healing ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores, FAAM-ADL scores, or FAAM-S scores between the two groups preoperatively ( P>0.05). At 3, 6 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores in the K-wire combined with suture group were (89.7±3.4)points, (92.8±2.8)points, and (94.9±3.3)points respectively, higher than (87.4±4.4)points, (90.4±4.1)points, and (92.5±4.6)points in the K-wire group ( P<0.05); the FAAM-ADL scores and the FAAM-S scores in the K-wire combined with suture group were (90.1±3.5)points, (91.5±2.9)points, (92.8±3.0)points and (91.4±5.4)points, (92.8±5.0)points, (94.4±4.8)points respectively, higher than (86.8±5.0)points, (88.7±3.8)points, (90.3±3.7)points and (88.0±5.3)points, (89.5±4.8)points, (91.5±5.2)points ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores, FAAM-ADL scores, and FAAM-S scores at all postoperative time points were higher than those preoperatively and increased with the passage of the follow-up time ( P<0.01). The results of the anterior drawer test at all postoperative time points in the two groups were negative. The time of return to sports after surgery in the K-wire combined with suture group was (9.2±1.3)weeks, shorter than (10.3±1.5)weeks in the K-wire group ( P<0.01). One patient (3.2%) in the K-wire combined with suture group and 3 patients (12.0%) in the K-wire group had Kirschner wire loosening and withdrawal ( P>0.05). Neither of the two groups developed complications such as nerve or tendon injuries. Conclusion:Compared with simple Kirschner wire fixation under all-inside arthroscopy, Kirschner wire fixation combined with Suture-Bridge technique under all-inside arthroscopy achieves higher fracture healing rate, more obvious improvement in life quality and ankle function, as well as earlier return to sports in the treatment of old lateral malleolar avulsion fractures.