Following the blood pressure, pulse, breathing and body temperature, pain was identified as the fifth vital signs.Postoperative pain of the spine and spinal cord surgery was a neuropathic pain, it was severe and may affect multiple systems of the patients.Therefore, postoperative analgesia of spine and spinal cord surgery is very important.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of Xuebijing injection for treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism(APE)in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits with big ears were randomly divided into control group,model group and Xuebijing group(each n=8). The model of APE was performed by re-infusing of autologous blood clots. After the model was established,in the rabbits of the Xuebijing group,Xuebijing injection 1 mL/kg was injected into the ear marginal vein,twice daily for consecutive 7 days. In the model and control groups,the same amount of normal saline was given via the same route. The changes in plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at the time points of 8 hours and 1,3,5,7 days,and after 7 days the lungs of the rabbits were removed for the lung histopathological examination. Results The BNP levels of the model group and Xuebijing group were significantly higher compared with the level of control group at 8 hours after embolization,the model group being the most significant(all P<0.05). On day 3,the BNP levels of the model group and Xuebijing group reached their peaks,and then gradually decreased,but the level of model group was significantly higher than that of Xuebijing group(ng/L:581.1±144.6 vs. 251.5±22.5,P<0.05). On day 7,the BNP level of Xuebijing group fell to the level of the control group(ng/L:78.5±9.4 vs. 50.9±11.5),the level of the model group also decreased,but it was still much higher than that of the Xuebijing group(ng/L:214.1±47.6 vs. 78.5±9.4,P<0.05). Histopathological examination showed Xuebijing could significantly reduce the infarct size with mild inflammatory cell infiltration,but the infarct size of the model group was obviously bigger than that of the Xuebijing group and accompanied by relatively more inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion Xuebijing injection can significantly reduce the plasma BNP level of the rabbits with pulmonary embolism,and in the mean time ameliorate the degree of inflammatory infiltration in the lung tissue and infarct.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of HuaYu TongFu KaiQiaoFang on serum homocysteine (Hcy)in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Sixty cases of acute cerebral infarction admitted into the comprehensive ward and intensive care unit(ICU)of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2010 to January 2012 were randomly divided into two groups,each group including 30 cases. The control group was given conventional treatment,and based on the conventional therapy,the treatment group was additionally given HuaYu TongFu KaiQiaoFang(a traditional Chinese medicine decoction including the following ingredients:Safflower 10 g,Chishao 10 g,Chuanxiong 10 g,Notoginseng 10 g,Angelica Sinensis 10 g, Shichangpu 10 g,Polygalae 10 g,Glauber's salt 5 g,Rhubarb 6 g),one dose a day by oral or nasal administration for consecutive 14 days. Before and after treatment in the two groups,the serum Hcy level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the clinical efficacy was assessed by Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis to observe the correlation between neurological deficit score(NDS)and Hcy levels. Results Before treatment, the difference of serum Hcy(μmol/L)and NDS levels between the two groups was not statistically significant(both P>0.05),while after treatment,the levels in the two groups were significantly decreased in comparison with those before treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the degree of descent in treatment group was more obvious compared with that in control group(Hcy:7.78±2.51 vs. 10.18±2.41,NDS:10.60±2.25 vs. 14.60±3.70,both P<0.05). After treatment,the total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90.0%vs. 76.7%,P<0.05). Before treatment,the NDS was positively correlated with Hcy(r=0.675,P<0.05). Conclusion HuaYu TongFu KaiQiaoFang can significantly reduce the level of serum Hcy and improve the nerve function,thus its clinical effect for treatment of acute cerebral infarction is remarkable.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,pathological features,therapy and prognosis of a case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) with central recurrence,evaluation the safety and efficacy of rituximab intrathecal injection combined with intravenous chemotherapy.Methods Retrospectively analyze the case of SMZL with the central recurrence,and review the relevant literatures.Results According to the tests of MICM of bone marrow,spleen pathology,PET-CT and laboratory examination (LDH),patient was diagnosed as SMZL,IV group B,IPI and aaIPI was high risk group.After first-line therapy,the patient achieved complete remission.But then the central nervous system relapsed.The patients was treated with rituximab intrathecal injection combined with intravenous chemotherapy,the central focus disappeared.Conclusion SMZL belongs to low-grade lymphoma,which combined with central nervous system relapse is very rare.Rituximab intrathecal injection combined with intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of the patients is safe to use,and have good clinical efficacy.

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of peripheral Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of extramammary Paget′s disease (EMPD). Methods A total of 28 patients with EMPD were treated with peripheral Mohs micrographic surgery. The depth and extent of tumor infiltration were evaluated before the surgery. One day before the surgery, 20% aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride was topically applied to determine and label surgical margins under a Wood′s lamp. After fluorescence-based localization, peritumoral skin tissues were resected and underwent frozen-section examination according to the protocol for Mohs micrographic surgery. Meanwhile, the tumor was resected. After surgery, patients were followed up every 3 - 6 months to detect local recurrence and metastasis. Results Of the 28 patients, 25 were male and 3 were female. Six patients each underwent 3 sessions of frozen-section examination, and 12 patients each received 2 sessions, with an average of 1.86 sessions for each patient. During the follow-up for 5 - 72 months, local recurrence occurred in 3 cases, and 1 patient died of tumor metastasis and uremia after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion Peripheral Mohs micrographic surgery is a time-saving and effective treatment for EMPD.

Objective To provide reference for anti-infection drugs in Zunyi area by analyzing the etiological characteristics of children with severe pneumonia.Methods The sputum, throat swabs and serum of children with severe pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were collected in this study.The pathogen species which caused severe pneumonia were detected and identified by the method of pathogen culture,and typical pathogens were detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence.Results A total of 337 children with severe pneumonia were included,the pathogen positive rate was 86.65%(292/337).The rate of viral infection(37.32%)was the highest,followed by bacterial infection accounting for 28.42%,then the mixed infection accounting for 27.74%,and the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection accounting for 6.50%.The respiratory syncytial virus type B accounting for 28.44% was the most common in viral infection,and there were significant differences in age distribution(P<0.05),the children under 3-years-old,especially the infants under 1-year-old had the highest susceptibility.Viral infection had certain seasonality,compared with spring and winter,autumn and winter(November to April) had higher viral detection rate and the difference was statistically significant(x2=29.28,P=0.001).The escherichia coli was the most common in bacterial infection,accounting for 21.69%.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli were more common in neonates and infants under 1-year-old,Haemophilus influenzae occured in 1~3 years old children,Streptococcus pneumoniae infection could occur in any age.Conclusion Viral infection is the most common pathogen in children with severe pneumonia in Zunyi area followed by bacterial infection,which is more common in children under 1-year-old,and with the high incidence in autumn and winter.Bacterial infection is more common in children over 3 years of age.Bacterial and viral mixed infection is common in children under 3 years of age,especially in children under 1-year-old.

Objective To characterize the profile and clinical significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies in patients infected with hepatitis B virus based on the sequence of reverse transcriptase (RT) region.Methods Fifty HBV infected treatment-naive patients were enrolled and divided into three groups,asymptomatic carriers (ASC) group (10 cases),chronic hepatitis B (CHB) group (30 cases) and liver cirrhosis (LC) group (10 cases).HBV genomes were extracted from serum samples.The sequence of RT region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into vectors.Fifteen to thirty clones per sample were selected,sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics software.The mean values among groups were compared by analysis of variance.The median values among groups were compared by nonparametric statistics.The enumeration data were analyzed by x2 test.Results Totally 1221 HBV RT region nucleotide sequences were obtained (152from ASC patients,780 from CHB patients and 289 from LC patients).Genotype distribution showed no difference among three groups.However,the quasispecies complexity showed significant differences among the three groups,LC group ＞CHB group＞ ASC group (F=33.400,P＜0.05).The quasispecies diversity was LC group ＞CHB group＞ ASC group,and that of LC group was significantly different from the other two groups (F=18.070,P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between CHB and ASC patients.Conclusions The HBV isolated from patients in immune clearance phase have higher variability than those isolated from patients in immune tolerance phase.The longer the infection persists and the more severe the disease is,the more variable HBV quasispecies are.

Objective To investigate the role of apoptosis stimulating protein 2 of p53 (ASPP2)in the apoptosis,cell cycle and autophagy of starvation-induced colorectal cancer HCT116 p53 +/+ (p53 wild-type) cell line.Methods Six groups were included:(1) control group; (2) green fluorescent protein adenovirus (rAd-GFP) infection group; (3)ASPP2 adenovirus (rAd-ASPP2) infection group; (4)starvation group; (5)rAd-GFP + starvation group; (6) rAd-ASPP2 + starvation group.HCT116 cells were infected with ASPP2 adenovirus (rAd-ASPP2),resulting ASPP2 gene over-expression.The apoptosis,autophagy and cell cycle changes were induced by culturing with serum-free medium for 24 h.Apoptosis was evaluated by Calcein/PI uptaking test,and autophagy was observed by counting the red fluorescent protein autophagy plasmid CFP-Lc3 which was transfected into cytoplasm.Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results Over-expressed ASPP2 was found to significantly promote starvation-induced HCT116 apoptosis and autophagy.The cell apoptosis rate in rAd-GFP + starvation group was 10.00％ ± 1.42％,and 18.44％ ±2.06％ in rAd-ASPP2 + starvation group(q =9.548,P =0.000).The cell autophagy rate in rAd-GFP+ starvation group and rAd-ASPP2 + starvation group was 35.00％ ± 5.34％ and 57.61％ ± 6.06％ respectively(q =7.657,P =0.000).Over-expressed ASPP2 accelerated HCT116 G2/M arrest under starvation,but resulted in both G0/G1 and G2/M arrest without starvation.Conclusion These results suggest that ASPP2 can promote starvation-induced HCT116 p53 +/+ cells apoptosis and autophagy,and affect the cell cycle.

Objective　To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder stone changing to gallbladder carcinoma. Methods　The clinical data of 200 patients with gallbladder stone undergoing operation were retrospective analysed. Results　(1) In the 200 resected gallbladder specimens, gallbladder mucosa hyperplasia was found in 144 specimens(72%), atypical hyperplasia(AHP) in 38(19%), infiltrative cancer in 7(3.5%). All the paracancer mucosa had midder or severe AHP. The incidence of atypical hyperplasia and canceration had increased with patients' age and the history lenth of cyst stone. (2) The content of DNA, the porpotion of euplpoid cells, the AgNOR content in tissues as follows: hyperplasia

Adult ; Granuloma, Respiratory Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy