Objective To explore the puberty and height development in childern with congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency(21-OHD) with the simple virilizing(SV) form.Methods Patients of SV 21-OHD,diagnosed and treated in Tianjin Children's Hospital from Jan.1970 to Jan.2008,were treated with cortisone acetate or hydrocortisone after diagnosed,and blood investigations were performed as part of monitoring,and dosages were adjusted accordingly to obtain normal growth velocity and slow bone age(BA) development.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(Gn-RHa) was given after the appearance of central precocious puberty(CPP).Forty-one patients(18 females,23 males) had achieved final height before Dec.31st 2008,and their puberty and height development were analyzed in this longitudinal study by contrast the ages and statures of obtaining final height(FH),chronological age(CA) and BA of G2/B2 stage,duration from G2/B2 stage to obtain FH and stature development of different gender during this period and the influences of compliancy on the ages and statures of obtaining FH were contrasted.Results With regarding to the age of testicular volume ≥4 mL,78.26% boys were before 9 years old.As far as the age of breast development was concerned,38.89% girls were before 8 year old and 66.67% menarche occurred before 10 year old.The differences between the duration and stature development of the period from the state of G2/B2 to skeletal maturation of different gender were significant (Pa

Objective To analyze rate of and reasons for not undertaking insulin pump therapy in children with type 1 diabetes(T1DM) and explore potential countermeasures.Methods Two hundred and seventy-eight persons of T1DM,diagnosed in Tianjin Children′s Hospital from Jan.2000 to Dec.2008,were assigned to fill in a questionnaire on T1DM and insulin pump therapy.Reasons for different compliances were analyzed and strategies were explored.Results Eighty-five point twenty-five percent of the children(237 persons) undertook the therapy and 14.75%(41 persons) refused.In the group of younger than 3 years,58.33%(21 persons)accepted the therapy,while in the group of older than 3 years,89.26%(216 persons) undertook it,consequently there was statistically significant difference(?2=23.83,P

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; cytology ; Female ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Lung ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Peroxidase ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

It was estimated that about 428 species of genus Corydalis are distributed all worldwide, with about 298, especially 10 groups and 219 species being uniquely spread in China. The genus Corydalis have been widely employed as folk medicines in China, especially as traditional Tibetan medicines, for treatment of fever, hepatitis, edema, gastritis, cholecystitis, hypertension and other diseases. The phytochemical studies revealed that isoquinoline alkaloids are its major bioactive ingredients. The extensive biological researches suggested its pharmacological activities and clinic applications against cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system, antibacterial activities, analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-injury for hepatocyte, and so on. As an effort in promoting the research of pharmacodynamic ingredients, this article presents an overview focusing on the distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological results of Corydalis species that have been applied in traditional Tibetan medicinal, hopefully to provide a reference for the new Tibetan medicine development from Corydalis plant resource.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Phytotherapy

The study established a UPLC-MS/MS method that is used for simultaneous determination nine major bioactive compounds of Dachengqi Tang in rat plasma. Using Aglient C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm,1.7 microm) was chromatographed, using methanol-5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium formate mobile phase gradient, elution 0.3 mL x min(-1). In the plasma pre-treatment process, not only the method of methanol and acetonitrile protein precipitation was investigated, and different factors extraction solvent, the type of the scroll time, the number and the type of extraction solvent, the extraction volume of the extraction solution of liquid-liquid extraction is investigated. Finally, with ibuprofen as an internal standard, using ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction method pretreatment blood, N2 dry reconstituted supernatant after centrifugation UPLC-MS/MS analysis, in electrospray ionization (ESI) negative mode, using multiple reaction monitoring mode for testing. The linear range of emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin and hesperitin is 0.33-660, 0.40-792, 0.41-827, 0.34-680, 0.45-907, 0.46-927, 0.43-867, 0.34-683, 0.39-787 microg x L(-1) respectively, good linear relationship; and extraction recovery were greater than 69.39%, days after the day of the RSD is less than 15%. This method can be used to study the rat gastric large bearing gas after Dachengqi Tang, the simultaneous determination of nine components in plasma for its pharmacokinetics and efficacy material base to provide a theoretical basis.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnostic values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) for typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma in children, and to explore whether FeNO can be applied to differentiate typical bronchial asthma from cough variant asthma in children.

METHODSA total of 150 children who were newly diagnosed with typical bronchial asthma between June 2012 and June 2014, as well as 120 children who were newly diagnosed with cough variant asthma during the same period, were selected as subjects. FeNO measurement, spirometry, and methacholine provocation test were performed for both groups. Meanwhile, 150 healthy children were selected as the control group, and their FeNO was measured. The diagnostic values of FeNO for typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTSThe FeNO values in the typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01), and the FeNO value in the typical bronchial asthma group was significantly higher than in the cough variant asthma group (P<0.01). FEV1/FVC%, FEV1%pred, and PD20 were significantly lower in the typical bronchial asthma group than in the cough variant asthma group (P<0.01). The optimal cut-off value of FeNO was 19.5 ppb for the diagnosis of typical bronchial asthma, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 86.7%; the optimal cut-off value of FeNO was 15.5 ppb for the diagnosis of cough variant asthma, with a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 78.0%; the optimal cut-off value of FeNO was 28.5 ppb for the differentiation between typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma, with a sensitivity of 60.7% and a specificity of 82.5%.

CONCLUSIONSMeasurenment of FeNO may be useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma.

Asthma ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Breath Tests ; Child ; Cough ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; ROC Curve ; Vital Capacity

Objective To explore the effect of endotoxemia on triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4),and the level and activity of iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 and type 3 mRNA.Methods Sixteen mice were randomly divided into control group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group,with 8 mice in each group.The mouse model of endotoxemia was replicated in the LPS group.In the both groups,blood samples from femoral week were collected to assay T3 and T4 levels,and the livers were sampled to inspect D1 and D3 mRNA levels and activities.Serum T3 and T4 levels were assayed with radioimmunoassay,D1 and D3 mRNA levels in liver were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction,the activity of D1 and D3 in liver were measured by using ion-exchange chromatography combined with immunoassay.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results Statistical differences of T3,D1 and D3 mRNA levels and activities between the 2 groups were found (all P ＜0.01),while,there was no statistic difference in the statuses of T4 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It is possible that euthyroid sick syndromes happens in endotoxemia episodes,and the changes of D1 and D3 mRNA levels and activities are the possible influencing factors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of atorvastatin on expressions of scavenger receptor A and secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in foam cells.

METHODSTHP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by PMA and treated with 0.1% BSA (control), ox-LDL (100 mg/L) or ox-LDL plus atorvastatin (5, 10, 20 micromol/L) for 24 hours. MCP-1 concentration in cell substratum was measured by ELISA. Scavenger receptor A expression was observed under fluorescent microscope after incubated with DiI-Ac-LDL. The relationship between concentration of MCP-1 and the activity of scavenger receptor A was also analyzed.

RESULTSCompared to the control cells, MCP-1 concentration in ox-LDL treated cells was significantly increased after 6 hours, peaked at 12 hours and was still significantly increased after 24 hours (all P < 0.05 vs. baseline). The activity of scavenger receptor A was also significantly increased in ox-LDL treated cells (P < 0.01 vs. control). The activity of scavenger receptor A proteins correlated positively to the concentration of MCP-1 in ox-LDL treated cells (r = 0.683, P < 0.01). Atorvastatin significantly attenuated these changes in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONSScavenger receptor A and MCP-1 expressions were significantly increased in the course of monocyte lines THP-1 differentiating into macrophages and foam cells. The anti-atherosclerosis effect of atorvastatin might be partly achieved by inhibiting the secretion of MCP-1 and expression of scavenger receptor A in foam cells.

Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Heptanoic Acids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pyrroles ; pharmacology ; Scavenger Receptors, Class A ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Chinese children in seven cities.

METHODA total of 134 MRSA isolates were collected from nine hospitals. Multilocus sequence typing and spa typing were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type was analyzed by multiplex PCR. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) gene was also detected.

RESULTMost MRSA strains were isolated from pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs) patients, accounting for 82.1%. Overall, 16 sequence types (STs) were obtained, and CC59 (51.7%) was found to be the most prevalent, which included ST 59 and ST 338, followed by ST239 (16.4%). SCCmec types II, III, IV, and V were also identified in the current study. SCCmec type IV was the most predominant type at 50.0%, followed by SCCmec type V at 23.9% and III at 23.9%. SCCmec subtypes IVa, IVc, and IVg were found among SCCmec type IV strains, whereas IVa was the main subtype at 77.6%. Twenty-six spa types were also identified, among which the predominant type was t437 (47.8%). The prevalence of pvl genes and the SCCmec type of strain was relevant, and the pvl gene positive rate was higher in SCCmec type IV and V-type strains than in SCCmec type II and III strains (58.6% vs. 14.3%, P < 0.05); there was a significant difference between them. In the strains isolated from pneumonia and SSTIs, ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) was the predominant clone. There were five clones detected from the strains isolated from septicemia, with ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) and ST59-MRSA-V(t437) as the main clones (57.1%). Various predominant clones existed in different regions. ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) was the prevalent clone in the Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, and Shenzhen areas, whereas ST239-MRSA-III(t037) was the prevalent clone in the Shanghai area. Fifty percent of the isolates from the Wenzhou area belonged to ST910-MRSA-V(t318), whereas three clinical strains isolated from the Shenyang region belonged to three different types.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that MRSA isolates from Chinese children are largely associated with the ST59-MRSA-IV(t437) and ST239-MRSA-III(t037) clones. These two may belong to community-acquired MRSA and hospital-acquired ones, respectively. Different prevalent clones were detected in different diseases and different regions. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further research on clinical isolates, which can guide the choice of antibiotic treatment and the examination of MRSA prevalence.

Adolescent ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology