10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.023

Hypertension in children is defined as systolic blood pressure and/ or diastolic blood pressure≥95th percentile for age,gender and height,on at least 3 occasions. Persistent hypertension despite non - pharmacologic measures should be treated with anti - hypertensive drugs. Angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin receptor blockers,calcium channel blockers,β - blockers and diuretics are safe,effective,and well tolerated in children. This article describes the selection and clinical application of anti - hypertensive drugs in children.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) s a serine/tyrosine kinase which s expressed widely and regulates various signal transduction pathways in mammalian cell. As one of the key branches of MAPK pathway, p38 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. In recent years, the research on p38MAPK signaling pathway in cell growth, metabolism and function of osteoclast, osteoblast and chondrocyte related to bone metabolism has attracted increasing attention. This article reviews the relationship beween p38MAPK and bone metabolism, in order to investigate the mechanism of action of p38MAPK in bone metabolism related diseases.

Ataxia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Calcium Channels ; genetics ; physiology ; Epilepsy ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Migraine with Aura ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Myopathy, Central Core ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Ryanodine ; metabolism ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; genetics ; physiopathology

Objective:To observe the effects of gallnut water extract on the vitality of plaque biofilms.Methods:The oral plaque biofilms were obtained through bonding the enamel fragments to the bucca of the mindibular first molar for 24 h.The two groups of the biofilms were treated by gallnut water extract at 6 mg/ml and saline(control) for three minutes respectively.The effect of gallnut water extract on the vitality of plaque biofilms was observed by Ethidium bromide/Fluorescein diacetate (EB/FDA) staining and confocal laser scan microscope(CLSM).Results:All specimens had early biofilm formed,The percent vitality of the plaque biofilms treated with gallnut water extract and the control was 37.10?9.63 and 60.78?7.60 respectively(P

0.05 ). Conclusions With low initial FGF addition of N2O does not affect the uptake of desflurane. The low-flow desflurane anesthesia is safe and economical.

Objective To investigate the effects of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in newly diag-nosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) and to evaluate the treatment regimen conversion after CSII therapy .Methods 72 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were treated with CSII for 2 weeks .Then they were randomly divided into two groups :the basal insu-lin group(glargine) and the oral anti-diabetic drug(OAD) group .Both groups were followed up for 2 years .Blood glucose ,insulin and HbA1c were measured before and after CSII and during the 2-year follow-up .Results CSII significantly controlled the glucose levels ,reduced the TG ,TC ,LDL levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) and increased the homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion (HOMA-IS)(all P< 0 .05) .During 1-year follow-up ,HbA1c in the glargine group and the OAD group was (6 .13 ± 0 .47)% and(6 .21 ± 0 .38)% respectively .During 2-year follow-up ,the HbA1c values in the two groups were (6 .91 ± 0 .57)% and(6 .43 ± 0 .62)% respectively .T HOMA-IR and HOAM-IS obtained the long tern improve-ment without significant body weight increase .Conclusion Short-term intensive insulin therapy can effectively control the blood glucose ,improve the sensitivity of insulin and the β-cell function ;after CSII ,adopting basic insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs can a-chieve the ideal glycemic control .

Objective To observe the effects of Sanhuangtangshenkang particles on the expression levels of tumor ne?crosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 in bone tissue of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rat model. Methods There were seven groups of rats in this study. Ten female Wistar rats were used as control. Ten rats were established for osteoporosis model, and fifty rats were established for diabetic model. Fifty diabetic model rats were further divided into model control group, tra?ditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prevention group (high-dose TCM group, low-dose TCM group) and Western medicine group, with 10 rats for each group. All rats were given the corresponding intervention for 20 weeks. Automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to determine fasting blood glucose (FBG). ELISA was used to detect serum TNF-αand IL-6. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess bone density. Real-time PCR was used to appraise the mRNA of TNF-αand IL-6 in bone tissue. Western blot assay was used to measure protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in bone tissue. Re?sults Compared with osteoporosis model group, bone density was significantly increased, serum levels of TNF-αand IL-6, the mRNA and protein expression level of IL-6 were significantly decreased in bone tissue of TCM groups and Western medi?cine group (P<0.05). The expression levels of TNF-αmRNA and protein were significantly decreased in bone tissue of in high-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P<0.05). Compared with the diabetic model group, the se?rum levels of FBG, TNF-αand IL-6 were significantly decreased in TCM groups and Western medicine group (P<0.05). The expression levels of TNF-αmRNA and protein were significantly decreased in high-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in low-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 are increased in serum and bone tissue of diabetic rats. Sanhuangtangshenkang particles can improve the inflammatorystate to play prevention and therapeutic effect on diabetic rats.

Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1beta-hydroxy-1 ,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin (1) , boscialin (2) , blumenol C (3), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5) , blumenol A(6), (1'S,2R,5S, 10R) -2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l1'-methylethyl) -6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one(7) , (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-( 1',2'-dihydroxy-l '-methylethyl) -6,1 l0-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one( 8) , 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1 '-methylethyl) -6,1 0-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one (9) , and grasshopper ketone (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the interventional effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on brain Aβ deposition and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease model mice.Methods Eight-week old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups (n =10,each).Mice in two groups (intervention and model)were administered by drinking water containing 0.4g aluminum /100ml water and subcutaneous injection with 200mg/kg D-galactose every other day,added with 25mg/kg SFN to the intervention group or with equivalent double-distilled water to model group by a single oral gavage daily.And equivalent vehicle were given to the control mice.After 90 days,the aluminum levels in blood,brain Aβ depositions,and indices of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex were investigated.Results Blood aluminum level was higher in the AD model and SFN intervention groups than in controls(P＜0.01),and was lower in SFN intervention group than in AD model(P＜0.01).As compared to controls,the AD model showed that brain Aβ deposition was significantly increased,GPX activity was decreased and carbonyl level was remarkable increased(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between intervention and control group in brain Aβ deposition,GPX activity and carbonyl contents (P＞0.05).Brain Aβ deposition was lower in intervention than in model group(P＜0.05).There was no significantly differences in brain SOD activity and total hydrosulfuryl content among three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Sulforaphane can reduce the aluminum level in blood,attenuate Aβ deposition,and regulate the oxidative stress in cerebral cortex in AD model mice.