Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by polyarthritis.Numerous agents with varying mechanisms are used in the treatment of RA,but there is no radical cure.Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.Agents targeting IL-6 such as tocilizumab (TCZ) attracted significant attention as a promising agent in RA treatment.This article reviewed the key efficacy and safety data from clinical trials of TCZ,as well as six candidate IL-6 blockers including sarilumab,ALX-0061,sirukumab,MEDI5117,clazakizumab,and olokizumab,and their future perspectives in the treatment of RA.

To investigate the changes of cardiac myosin ATPase and its isoenzyme in early stage of cardiac hypertrophy following myocardial infarction(MI), we studied myosin ATPase activitzy, isoenyme distriibution and myocardial fiber diameter of uninfarcted ventricu lar sfptum, 9 aed 21 days after operation in MI rats. The results showed that coincident with the increases in myocardial fiber diameter on 9 days after MI, both myosin ATPase activity and V_1 isoenzyme amount were depressed. These changes were more pronounced on 21 after MI. It is suggested that with the development of myocardial hypertrophy in early stage of MI, adaptive changes in myosin ATPase activity and isoenzyme distribution occur.

Objective To discuss the present situation of nearly five years of traditional Chinese medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of children with bronchial asthma,confirmed that the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of the disease is reliable,thus to provide certain theoretical basis for further research in the future.

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in cultured human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor (TGF-β RⅡ) was constructed and transfected into T cells. HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and baicalin. The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components (group Ⅰ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1; group Ⅲ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin; group Ⅳ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells; group Ⅴ: HPDL cells+baicalin; group Ⅵ: HPDL cells) and was cultured for 48 hours. RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells. Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.01) and higher than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.01); The ratio of RANKL/OPG in gronp Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ (P<0.01); the ratio of RANKL/ OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ (P<0.01); the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.

The correlation between vegetarian diets and cardiovascular health is always one of the hotspots. Many scholars have performed so many clinical researches all over the world, providing evidence-based medicine (EBM) reference for clarifying their correlation. In this paper, we raise ideas and expectation on the basis of a Meta-analysis about vegetarian diets and blood pressure (published on JAMA Internal Medicine in Feb 2014) in combination of main clinical research literature in this field in recent 20 years.
Cardiovascular System ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic

Objective To investigate the efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block combined with general anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty.Methods Fifty patients underwent total hip arthroplasty were divided into trial group or control group by random digits table method with 25 cases each.Preoperatively,both groups were given fascia iliaca compartment block with the trial group receiving 60 ml 0.25％ ropivacaine and the control group receiving 60 ml 0.9％ sodium chloride.Both groups received general anesthesia.The consumption of general anesthetics and intraoperative hemodynamic variation in the 2 groups were recorded.The recovery time,extubation time,observer's assessment of alertness/sedation score (modified OAA/S) at 15 and 30 min postoperative and visual analog score (VAS) at postoperative instantly were compared between the 2 groups.Results The consumptions of propofol and remifentanil during maintenance of anesthesia in trial group were significantly lower than those in control group,and there were statistical differences:(250 ± 40) mg vs.(420 ± 85) mg and (300 ± 50) μ g vs.(600 ± 150) μ g,P ＜ 0.01.The recovery time and extubation time in trial group were significantly shorter than those in control group,and there were statistical differences:(7.2 ± 4.5) min vs.(16.2 ± 7.1) min and (8.0 ± 2.8) min vs.(20.0 ± 8.3) min,P ＜ 0.01.The modified OAA/S at 15 and 30 min postoperative in trial group were significantly higher than those in control group,and there were statistical differences:(4.3 ± 0.3) scores vs.(3.0 ± 1.2) scores and (4.6 ± 0.2) scores vs.(3.9 ± 0.8) scores,P ＜ 0.01.The VAS at postopcrative instantly in trial group was significantly lower than that in control group,there was statistical difference:(1.6 ± 0.9) scores vs.(4.5 ± 0.8)scores,P ＜ 0.01.The degree of satisfaction in trial group was better than that in control group,and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with general anesthesia alone for total hip arthroplasty,the fascia iliaca compartment combined with general anesthesia has better hemodynamic stability,marked reduction of consumption of general anesthetics,rapid recovery and good postoperative analgesia.

There has been a growing number of prostate cancer patients in our country,and most of the patients suffer with bone metastases.Although more and more new drugs are reported for the treatment of prostate cancer,tumor local recurrence or metastasis occur within the 10 years after treatment.The diagnostic sensitivity of 18F-NaF PET/CT for bone metastases from prostate cancer is high.18F-NaF PET/CT not only can locate the lesion precisely,evaluate the drug efficacy quantitatively,but also can be used to follow up prostate cancer patients.This review is focused on the application of 18F-NaF PET/CT in bone metastases from prostate cancer.

Based on a clinical and radiological study of radiation injuries of the bones in the 17 cases, the relationship between the osseous changes and the radiation dosage and between the time from radiation therapy and the onset of the radiographic osseous changes were discussed. The authors found that the degree of local skin infection might determine the type of its underneath osseous injuries, i. e. being either "septic" (osteomyelitic) or "aseptic" (bone atrophic) radionecrosis, and it might also determine the time when the osseous changes appeared on the radiogram. It was found that radiation injuries of the bone could be distinguished from bone metastases. The authors suggest that a regular X-ray follow-up of the bones that had received a heavy dose of radiation should be made in order to reveal bone atrophy as early as posible and to remind the patient to avoid any trauma and infection.

Lung transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage lung diseases in children, and the only treatment for children with no response to conservative treatment.However, merely a few transplantation centers at home and abroad can provide lung transplantation at present.The mortality of pediatric lung transplantation is high, and it is difficult for donor matching.Besides, it has many complications.In recent years, pediatric lung transplantation has made positive progress and technological breakthroughs in many aspects.In this article, research progress in pediatric lung transplantation at home and abroad was reviewed.

Objective: To observe the expression changes of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) mRNA and protein during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, so as to explore the relationship between PTP1B and adipocytes differentiation. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in vitro and were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes; the differentiation of adipocytes was assessed through detecting expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPARγ2) mRNA by RT-PCR and oil red O staining. Expression of PTP1B in adipocytes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot during differentiation. Results: With the progression of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, oil red O staining showed that the lipid droplets increased gradually to 90% of the vision field; meanwhile, the expression of PPARγ2 also increased gradually, suggesting the proliferation and maturation of the preadipocytes. The expression of PTP1B mRNA and protein decreased in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with their differentiation and maturation; the expression reached the lowest level in mature adipocytes. Conclusion: Expression of PTP1B mRNA and protein decreases during the differentiation of preadipocytes, indicating a role for PTP1B in the maturation of adipocytes.