Objective:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride /polyvinylidene chloride by HS-GC.Methods: A Stabilwax (30.0 m ×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) capillary column and an FID detector were adopted .The headspace equivalent temperature was 80℃for 30 min and the col-umn temperature was 40℃.The inlet temperature was 190℃and the detector temperature was 210℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas . The flow rate was 1.0 ml · min-1 .Results: Vinyl chloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.5-2.5 μg ( r =0.996 7), and the average recovery was 90.4%(RSD=0.9%, n=9).Vinylidenechloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 1.0-5.0 μg (r=0.999 0), and the average recovery was 90.0%(RSD=0.6%, n=9).Conclusion: The method is fast and accurate in the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride .

Objective To investigate the distribution of interstitial Cajal-like cells(ICLC) in ampulla and the myoelectric activities of the sphincter of Oddi(SO) of adult guinea-pigs.Methods C-Kit immunohistochemical staining was carried out on whole-mount preparations of guinea-pigs' ampulla region.The myoelectric activities of SO were recorded by using the contact electrode on mucosa.Result C-Kit-positive ICLC were observed in both exterior and inner wall of ampulla.Some of these cells were distributed in the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cell(SMC) layers assuming a spindle-like shape.Another sub-group of ICLC,which were located between the longitudinal and circular SMC layers,were shown to have oval or triangle cell bodies with projection of more than three long processes.These cells interlaced into a cellular network,closely resembling the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs),around the myenteric nervous plexus(ICC-MY) in the duodenum.At the inner side of circular SMC layer of the exterior wall,ICLC were similar to ICCs associated with the deep muscular plexus(ICC-DMP) of small intestine.In the inner wall of the ampulla,a large amount of ICLC were found in the SMC layers or bundles,running parallel with them.At the opening of the ampulla,a number of ICLC surrounded the opening to form a ring.The spontaneous rhythmic myoelectric activities could be recorded in the SO.Conclusion It is suggested that the ICLC might contribute to the regulation of the spontaneous rhythmic contraction,and it might be related to development of motility disorders of the SO.

Objective To understand the relationship between embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and missed abortion by high-throughput gene sequencing, so as to provide a basis for guiding the next pregnancy.Meth-ods By chromosome detection on villi chromosome of 52 cases of missed abortion by high-throughput gene sequen-cing technique, the types of chromosome abnormalities and the proportion were investigated.Results Among villi samples from the 52 cases of missed abortion, chromosomal abnormalities were founded in 28 cases, including 24 ca-ses of number abnormality (17 cases of trisomy, 6 cases of triploid and a case of monomer) and 4 cases of structural abnormalities.Conclusion Embryonic chromosomal abnormality is the main cause of missed abortion in early preg-nancy.High-throughput gene sequencing technology used to detect the villi chromosome is comprehensive, fast and accurate, helping to clarify the cause of missed abortion and guide the next pregnancy reasonably.

Object To develop the gene resources of Jilin Shuangyang sika deer,a rare animal in China and reveal the pharmacological functions of deer medicinal material on the molecular level. Methods A cDNA plasmid library of spleen cells derived from Shuangyang sika deer was set up. Some housekeeping genes were cloned and analyzed. Results One of the cDNA sequences and it's deduced amino acid sequence in deer share high homology with a group of cDNA sequences encoding ribosomal protein L27 in human,rat,Canis and mouse and their corresponding amino acid sequence respectively. It has the completed open reading frame as well. Conclusion A novel full-length cDNA encoding Shuangyang sika deer ribosomal protein L27 is discovered. This sequence has been deposited in Genbank under accession number AF373231.

Objective To study the influence of unilateral and bilateral amplification on the effect of hearing aid evaluation .Methods Using the subjective method that International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) and objective method that medium acoustic intensity (65 dB SPL) word recognition score(WRS) to evaluate the effect of unilateral and bilateral hearing aid fitting of middle -aged severe sensorneural hearing loss .Results Hearing aid were used for severe sensorneural hearing loss and the improvement of monosyllables and sentences in quiet and noise test of unilateral were 35 .73% ,43 .15% ,43 .23% ;the improvement of monosyllables and sentences in quiet and noise test of bilateral were 37 .90% ,51 .33% ,54 .86% .The WRS of bilateral was higher than unilater-al .The score of IOI-HA was 15~37 ,meaning patients with severe sensorneural hearing loss were satisfied with hearing aid ,and there was no statistical significance between unilateral and bilateral fitting .Conclusion The bilat-eral hearing aid fitting was better than unilateral .Binaural hearing loss are recommended to fit bilaleral hearing aids .

Many diseases are associated with vitamin D deficiency.Serum 25 (OH)D levels can serve as objective indicators of the nutritional status of vitamin D.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method may be applied for routine measurement of 25 ( OH ) D levels in clinical practice.This article reviewed the significance of detecting 25 (OH) D2 and 25 (OH) D3,compared the advantages and disadvantages of different 25 (OH) D measurement methods,and introduced the application of LC-MS method for routine detection of serum 25 (OH) D2 and 25 (OH) D3 levels following the standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of America.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.Methods A total 456 patients (912 nodules) underwent microwave ablation in our department.Microwave ablation was carried out using microwave antenna under local anesthesia.Nodule volume,thyroid function and clinical symptoms were evaluated before treatment and at 1 ,3,6 and 12 months after the treatment to monitor changes in the volume,adverse effect and complications.Results 912 nodules were all studied with contrast-enhanced ultrasound immediately after the ablation,and all results showed “black hole”sign.The mean follow-up period after microwave ablation was (9±6)months (range,3-24 months).At 6-month follow-up,the mean volume reduction ratio of the solid nodules,mixed nodules and the cystic nodules was (61 ± 50 )%,(81 ± 33 )%,(89 ± 46 )%, respectively.The treatment was well tolerated and no major complications were observed except pain and transient voice changes (2.4%).Conclusions Microwave ablation is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation combined with hormone suppression therapy for solitary papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods A total of 25 patients with 25 nodules pathologically proven solitary papillary carcinoma 3.7 to 10.0 mm in diameter without clinically apparent lymph node,or distant metastasis were treated with microwave ablation equipement.Microwaves were emitted at 40 W for 200 -400 seconds and prolonged as necessary to attain confluent ablation zones.All patients were treated with both extended ablation therapy and levothyroxine that maintain TSH levels below 0.1 mU/L.Thyroid function test,nodule volume and clinical symptom were evaluated before ablation and during 1 ,3,6,9 and 12 months after treatment according to changes in tumor size,adverse reactions,complications and metastatic tumors.Three out of 25 patients received surgical treatment and the other 22 patients were followed up with routine ultrasound and contrast enhanced ultrasound.Results All 25 tumors were completely ablated by using mutiple plane fixed melting method and no serious or permanent complications occurred.No recurrence at the treatment site or distant metastase were detected,with a mean follow-up of 1 8 months.Histological examination showed no evidence of a tumor in the treated lesions in the 3 surgery patients.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation appears to be a safe and effective technique for the therapy of solitary papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Caveolin-1 is expressed in mammalian brain and involved in the normal development of the brain, which can affect the proliferation of neural stem cells in the brain. OBJECTIVE:To acquire neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout embryonic mice in vitro and study their biological characteristics. METHODS:The whole brain was separated from C57BL/6 mice and caveolin-1 knockout C57BL/6 mice respectively at encyesis 14-16 days. Single cellsuspension was obtained by enzyme digestion, and cultured in the conditioned medium of neural stem cells. Fol owing 7 days of primary culture, the cells were induced in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 containing 10%fetal bovine serum for 7 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The major cells of the cellsuspensions from the fetal mouse brain were dead at 1 day after culture, and some single cells floated in the medium and their transmittance were better, and then they gradual y formed multicellular bal s after 3 days. A smal amount of cells were adhered at the bottom of culture plate after passage, and a great amount of cellbal s appeared after 7 days. The proliferation rate of neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice was higher than that from normal mice. The cellbal s were nestin-positive and their differentiated cells was positive for neurofilament 200, glial fibril ary acidic protein or O4, respectively. Al of the cells from normal mouse brain were positive for caveolin-1, but the cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice were negative for caveolin-1 by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, the speed of cellbal formation and the number of cellbal s in neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice were better than those from normal mice. Caveolin-1 negative neural stem cells were cultured successful y from caveolin-1 knockout mouse brain, and the results show that caveolin-1 can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibit their differentiation in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on contractile and diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta of rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),GSH group,bile duct ligation group (group BDL),and GSH + bile duct ligation group (group GSH + BDL).In GSH and GSH + BDL groups,GSH 300 mg/kg was infused via stomach everyday for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.The common bile duct was ligated in the animals on 1 d after the end of intragastric administration in GSH and GSH + BDL groups.In GSH and GSH + BDL groups,after the model was established,GSH 300 mg/kg was infused via stomach everyday for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.On 7th day after the model was extablished,blood samples were collected for determination of the levels of serum total bilirubin (TB),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-lβ (IL-1β) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT),malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide (NO) and GSH.The thoracic aortic rings were obtained and perfused with different concentrations of norepinephrine (NE),acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).The maximum contraction and dilatation of aortic rings were recorded and the percentage was calculated.Some thoracic aortic rings were obtained again and perfused with different concentrations of NE after removal of the endothelium or after being perfused with L-NAME (nitricoxide synthase inhibitor).The maximum contraction of aortic rings was recorded and the percentage was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA,3-NT,NO and GSH were significantly increased in group BDL,and the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,MDA,GSH and NO were increased in group BDL + GSH,the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings in response to NE was decreased,and the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to Ach and SNP were decreased in groups BDL and BDL + GSH,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group GSH.Compared with group BDL,the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA,3-NT and NO were significantly decreased,the level of GSH was increased,the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings in response to NE was increased,the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to Ach was increased,and no significant change was found in the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to SNP in group BDL + GSH.Compared with the aortic rings from which the endothelium was removed or which were perfused with L-NAME in group BDL,no significant change was found in the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings after removal of the endothelium or after being perfused with L-NAME in response to NE in group BDL + GSH.Conclusion GSH can improve the contractile and diastolic functions of thoracic aorta of rats with obstructive jaundice and this effect depends on the vascular endothelium.