At the beginning of the 1980s, a concept of viable but non-culturable(VBNC) was suggested. VBNC is a survival strategy adopted by microorganisms when they are exposed to environmental stress. This article try to make a summary of research of the conditions of VBNC formation, recovery of culturability and methods of VBNC cells detection. In addition, introduces the first growth factor of microorganisms-Rpf.

Trehalose is a naturally occurring non-reducing disaccharide. This sugar has been known as a protector of biomembrane and macromolecules. And it has been widely used in foods, medicines, cosmetics. Trehalose synthase (TreS) is an intramolecular transglycosylase. It can catalyze the conversion of maltose into trehalose in one step. As the simple protocol and cheap substrate, it is very prospect in the industrial production. Here we have discussed the properties, catalytic mechanism and gene-engineering of TreS, and also proposed some solutions to its present research problems.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; Female ; Lead Poisoning ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

This project is targeted on exploring some improving approaches to isolate and culture the microorganisms which are difficult to be isolated and cultured through the conventional ways. The results showed that betaine, sodium pyruvate, SOD and catalase are helpful for increasing the total number and variety of isolated strains. A kind of combined method was also used to isolate the micro-colony which can not be seen by naked eyes on the plates. Totally 52 Actinomycetes and 103 bacteria and 17 fungi were obtained from 4 soil samples using the above methods. 4. 325% microorganisms were obtained as positive strains to inhibit the growth of some kinds of test bacteria, which is higher than the percent using generally isolated ones. These microbial natural products may remain an important resource for the drug discovery.

To evaluate the value of silicone intubation and ring-fixed method in canalicular laceration.
●METHODS: A retrospective study of 36 cases with laceration of lacrimal canaliculus. For all the patients, microscope was used to find the broken ends of the lacrimal canaliculus, and then straight insertion was performed to the distant and near broken ends through the upper and lower lacrimal points, then passed the dacryocyst to insert nasolacrimal canal and ended up in inferior nasal meatus. Thus, clinical data about forming annular support to treat laceration of lacrimal canaliculus was presented here.
● RESULTS: All 36 patients with traumatic canalicular laceration were anastomosed successfully and all patients healed without infection. The surgery went well, intubation was smoothly, all patients were followed - up for another 6mo after the stent was removed. The accidental fall off of the stent was not observed during the follow - up. During the follow - up 10 - 18mo after extubation, when the stent was removed, 32 cases (88. 9%) recovered to normal lacrimal drainage function;4 cases ( 11. 1%) remained epiphora with obstructed lacrimal passage. All cases were no lower eyelid ectropion.
●CONCLUSlON: For the patients with inferior canalicular laceration, the silicone intubation and ring-fixed method is effective, low irritation and less complication.

Objective To explore the interaction characters of fluoride and aluminum by analyzing the changes of bone metabolism in mice. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into nine groups according to the factorial experiment, design of two factors and three levels. The animals in different groups were fed with various doses of fluoride(NaF, 0,50,150 mg/L) and/or aluminum(AlCl3, 0,200,600 mg/L) in drinking water for 24 weeks. Serum calcium, phosphor, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, osteoealine, parathyroid, and urinary calcium and phosphor were tested. Results We found interaetians of fluoride and aluminum with serum calcium, osteoealine and urine calcium(F=17.370,4.399,9.448, P<0.01), but not with serum phosphor, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid or urinary phospbor(F=0.416,0.415,1.921,1.362, 1.630, P 0.05). The serum levels of calcium and osteoealine in high fluoride group were (1.13±0.27)mmol/L and (6.56±5.74)μg/L, respectively, which were lower than in the control group[ (1.82±0.37)mmol/L and (23.45±15.40)laeJL, respectively], but the levels were elevated to (1.76±0.36)mmol/L and (10.57±4.28)μg/L when high fluoride was combined with low aluminum, and further elevated to (2.10±0.51)mmol/L and (15.73±3.15)μg/L when high fluoride was combined with high aluminum. The urinary calcium level in low fluoride group [ (6.24±2.61)retool/retool Cr] was higher than that in the control group[ (3.12±2.04)retool/retool Cr], but it was decreased in low fluoride and aluminum groups[ (0.81±0.44), (1.23± 0.41)mmol/mmoi Cr, respectively]. On the other hand, the levels of serum ealeium and osteocaline in high aluminum group were (1.07±0.68)mmol/L and (7.21±5.22)μg/L, elevated to (1.47±0.18)mmol/L and (10.98±4.35) μg/L when low fluoride was combined wth high aluminum, and further elevated to (2.10±0.51)mmol/L and (15.73± 3.15)μg/L when high fluoride was.combined with high aluminum, respectively, and the combined effects showed the same trend of higher aluminum. Conclusions Aluminum antagonized fluoride-induced effects, whereas fluoride aggravated the effects caused by aluminum in this experimental conditions. The biomarkers of bone formation and mineralization were suppressed in the combined groups, so the combined effects could interfere with the course of bone turnover by inhabiting bone formation and mineralization, leading to the disorder of bone metabolism eventually.

Objective To investigate the combined effects of fluoride and aluminum intoxication on bones and their possible mechanisms.Methods Kunming mice were divided into nine groups according to the factorial experiment design.Different dose of fluoride(NaF,0,50,150 mg/L)and/or aluminum(AlCl3,0,200,600 mg/L)was administered to each group in drinking water.After 24 weeks,the degree of mottled teeth and the histomorphometric parameters,such as the bone trabecula and osteoid areas,the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,and pathologic changes in femur were observed.Results Aluminum could also caused mottled teeth(in degree 4).The mottled teeth in the combined groups were more serious than those in fluoride or aluminum alone group.The interaction between fluoride and aluminum existed in the changes of bone trabecula and osteoid areas(F=2.963,3.688,P＜0.05),and not existed in changes of the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts(F=2.347,0.888,P＞0.05).In high fluoride group,the trabecula and osteoid areas were(50 675.47±22 916.34),(10 733.97 ±3015.55)μm2,but it increased to(75 988.64±13 797.21),(16 402.88±4605.83)μm2 when combined with high aluminum(P＜0.05),and the group of high fluoride +low aluminum increased to(69 277.16±19 837.51),(18 564.79±6362.47)μm2 (P＜0.05),so aluminum antagonized the effects induced by fluoride;the area of bone trabecula of group of high aluminum was(60 718.43 ±17 574.37)μm2,but it increased[(75 988.64±13 797.21),(82 474.94±15 466.66)μm2]when combined with high or low fluoride(P＜0.05),and the combined effects showed a similarity to those in high aluminum group.The prominent osteoporosis with increased osteoid and cartilage tissues,and decreased amount of bony matrix and minerals were the main histopathological changes in the bone.Conclusions Both high aluminum and fluoride intoxication can result in mottled teeth,their combined effects are more serious than the individual effect.The prominent injury of combined fluoride and aluminum intoxication is osteomalacia and osteoporosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the karyotypes of 11 cases of Turner syndrome with marker chromosome,and study the phenotypic effects resulting from the abnormal karyotype.Methods Eleven Turner syndrome patients had a mosaic karyotype and carried a marker chromosome,and 6 marker chromosomes were ring chromosomes.Their karyotypes were showed as mos.45,X/46,X,+mar or mos. 45,X/46,X,+r.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique with X/Y centromere probes was performed to determine the origin of the marker chromosome.Reverse chromosome painting technique was used to identify the breakpoints of two largest markers.Phenotype effects with different chromosome breakpoints were compared.Results All the 11 marker chromosomes were ring X chromosomes.The breakpoints of the r(X)were involved in Xp22,Xq22,Xq24 and Xq26,etc.Conclusions The marker chromosomes in Turner syndrome mainly originate from X chromosome and form ring chromosome X.Each r (X)in our patients was mosaic,indicating it was originated from mitosis error during early embryo development.To analyze the origin of the marker chromosome and the breakpoint of r(X)will provide guidance for the therapy and prognosis of the Turner syndrome patient.

Specific primers 1CaA/1CaB for full cry1C gene in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.colmeri strain 15A3 were designed. The 4.0kb PCR product included the whole ORF and regulation region of cry1C gene. This PCR product was linked with shuttle vector pHT315 by two cloning steps. The recombined plasmid pHT-1C was electroporated into Bacillus cereus 9509, a kind of bacteria that beneficial to crops. The transformant could produce bipyramidal-shaped parasporal inclusions. The 60kD protein band was detected by SDS-PAGE. The bioassay result showed that the cry1C gene transformant of Bc 9509 had insecticidal activity to Spodoptera exigua.