Humans ; Pulmonary Embolism ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Venous Thromboembolism ; diagnosis ; therapy

Schistosomiasis is a kind of zoonosis with serious hazard,which is popular in many countries and regions in the world. One of the efforts for schistosomiasis prevent and control is developing new drugs and vaccines,and knowing the tran?scription regulation mechanism and the function of transcription factors will help us find the targets of new drugs and vaccines as soon as possible. This article reviews the progress of Schistosoma transcription factors and research methods.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and genetic basis of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and genetic tests of one case of CAPS were retrospectively analyzed. The related literatures were reviewed. Results A 7 year and eight month old male patient had recurrent fever for 7 years and his whole body was covered with patchy red rash which was itchy and faded with pressure. The limbs and joints were normal. The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factors were increased. The patient had fundus arteriosclerosis, double conjunctival lesions and nerve deafness on both sides. There was no mutation found in NLRP3 gene coding region, but a heterozygous mutation (-2667G>T) had been found in 5 ' untranslated region. Compared with normal control, the mRNA level of NLRP3 increased 4.2 times and the expressions of IL-1βand IL-18 gene increased 2.2 (P=0.002) and 1.2 times (P>0.05). Conclusions The clinical features of CAPS can be recurrent fever, rash, and joint involved. The oph-thalmologic abnormalities and varying degrees of deafness may occur during the progression. The test of NLRP3 gene may help diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the government decision of payment price of medicare drugs. METHODS:Investigation was conducted for the beginning of payment price policy of medicare drugs,effect of the implementation of policy in other countries and the encountered problems. The payment pricing mechanism was explored based on the combination of new medi-cal reform with theoretical analysis and empirical research. RESULTS:The reform of payment pricing mechanism of medicare drugs will have effect on current drug price,especially for R&D oriented pharmaceutical industries. The policy can decrease drug expendi-ture in medicare expenditure,and it is not sure whether it can decrease total medicare expenditure. CONCLUSIONS:It is suggest-ed to notice the related measures and government should keep balance between drug availability and encouraging R&D innovation.

Background and purpose: Researches demonstrated that the butyric acid sodium salt (sodium butyrate, NaB) has effect on the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis-promoting, while the mechanism on salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC) is still uncertain. This study mainly probed into the impact of different concentration of sodium butyrate on the migration and invasion of SACC cell line ACC-M, and its mechanism of action. Methods:MTT assay explored the optimal concentration of sodium butyrate on the cell ACC-M and the observation of cell growth. Transwell assay was used to detect the effects of sodium butyrate on the ACC-M cells on the aspact of invasion and migration ability. Fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to test respectively the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 mRNA and protein in ACC-M after functioned by 5 group drugs with different concentrations. Results:Compared with the control group, on the one hand, the concentration 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mmol/L of sodium butyrate could effectively inhibit cell proliferation and apparently showing concentra-tion-dependence (P<0.05);On the other hand, 5 sets concentration of sodium butyrate could also effectively inhibit invasion and migration ability of ACC-M cells in vitro (P<0.05), as well as reducing the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 mRNA and protein in ACC-M cells (P<0.05). Furthermore related analysis showed that the decline of TLR4 protein expression was positively correlated with inhibition of HMGB1 (r=0.810, P<0.05). Conclusion:Sodium butyrate has an effect on inhibiting ACC-M cell proliferation, signiifcantly reducing ACC-M cell invasion and migration capabilities, and reducing expression of HMGB1, TLR4 mRNA and protein, and both expression amount are positively correlated, Meanwhile the positively correlation suggests that sodium butyrate probably achieve the inhibition ability by lowering the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 mRNA and protein in ACC-M cell.

Objective To investigate the association between 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNPs) [rs2243250 in interleukin(IL)- 4 gene and rs1800925 in IL - 13 gene]in Henoch - Schonlein purpura(HSP)and Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN)in Han Chinese children. The level of IL - 4 and IL - 13 in serum were compared between HSP and HSPN. Methods A case - control study was adopted in this research,and 383 children with HSP or HSPN were recruited in this study,409 normal children served as controls. The genotypes of 2 SNPs were detected by using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR - RFLP),and the serum levels of IL - 4 and IL - 13 in HSP and HSPN patients were detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the data were analyzed by SPSS 16. 0 software. Results (1)There was no association(polymorphism of SNP rs2243250 in IL - 4 gene)in HSP group and HSPN group compared with the healthy control group(P ﹥ 0. 05);and the polymorphism of another SNP(rs1800925 in IL - 13 gene)was associated with HSP(P = 0. 037),and the fre-quency of T allele of the study group was higher than that of the healthy control group(P = 0. 027). But there was no difference between the study group(HSP group and HSPN group)and the healthy control group in frequency of TT genotype(P = 0. 132),and there was no association between HSPN group and healthy control group(P = 0. 487);also there was no association between polymorphism of this SNP in HSP group and HSPN group(P = 0. 129).(2)There was an association between polymorphism of IL - 13 gene and IL - 13 level in serum,patients with TT genotype had a higher serum IL - 13 level than any other genotypes(P ﹤ 0. 05),but there was no statistically significant difference in IL - 4 level between TT genotype and other genotypes(P ﹥ 0. 05).(3)There was an association between polymorphism of IL - 13 gene and IL - 13 level in serum patients with HSPN who had a higher level of serum IL - 13 than the patients with HSP( P ﹤ 0. 05),but there was no difference in serum IL - 4 level between HSP group and HSPN group. Conclusions The polymorphism of SNP(rs1800925 in IL - 13 gene)was associated with HSP group,and the poly-morphism of this SNP might affect the level of IL - 13 in serum. The patients with HSPN have a higher level of serum IL -13 than the patients with HSP,and high level of IL -13 may be a risk factor in the progression from HSP to HSPN.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experiences of using cardiopulmonary bypass for patients with serious airway obstructive lesions.METHODS From Sept. 2013 to Jan. 2015, 3 cases with serious airway obstructive lesions underwent operation safely with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass.RESULTSAll of 3 cases were successfully managed by tracheotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass without hemodynamic disturbance and coagulation dysfunction.CONCLUSIONSevere airway obstructive lesion could be relieved successfully under the cardiopulmonary bypass. Complications can be avoided effectively by shortening the time of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objective To observe the effect of sodium butyrate on the invasion and migration of human salivary gland ade‐noid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC‐2 in vitro and to investigate the underlying mechanisms .Methods The cultured ACC‐2 cells were treated with different concentrations of sodium butyrate for 24 h ,and detected the viability rate of the cells by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay ;the drug′s influence on invasion and migration on ACC‐2 were detected by Transwell experiment ,while the protein and mRNA expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 explored by Western‐blot and RT‐PCR assay ;the relationship between TLR4 expression and HMGB1 was investigated .Results Compared with control group ,0 .625 ,1 .250 ,2 .500 ,5 .000 ,10 .000 mmol/L groups of sodium butyrate inhibited the proliferation of ACC‐2 cells(P<0 .05);the influence of sodium butyrate on the in‐vasion of ACC‐2 cells of all groups had no significant difference(P>0 .05);only 2 .500 ,5 .000 and 10 .000 mmol/L groups inhibited ACC‐2 cells migration and down‐regulated the protein and mRNA of HMGB1 and TLR4(P<0 .05) .Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the TLR4 protein and HMGB1 protein(r=0 .810 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sodium butyrate could inhib‐it ACC‐2 cells proliferation and high concentration gropes inhibit ACC‐2 cells migration ,while reducing HMGB1 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression ,suggesting that NaB might inhibite ACC‐2 cells migration through down‐regulated the mRNA and protein expression .

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).Methods Eight patients with PPNAD from 2001 to 2009 in PUMC Hospital were reviewed,their clinical data were collected.Results PPNAD often occurred in adolescents.62.5% of patients with PPNAD were complicated with Carney complex(CNC).In addition to general features of Cushing's syndrome,amenorrhea and growth retardation in stature were very frequent in clinical manifestations of PPNAD.Plasma ACTH was undetectable,circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol was disappeared,glucocorticoid excretion was increased paradoxically during the dexamethasone suppression test in 50% patients with PPNAD.Adrenal imaging from 75% patients revealed normal-sized adrenal glands or suspectable micronodular changes.Adrenal pathologic analysis revealed numerous brown cortical nodules containing lipofuscin pigmentation.Unilateral adrenalectomy may relieve symptoms of Cushing's syndrome,but plasma ACTH and circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol were difficult to recovere.Hypercorticoidism might re-occure after unilateral adrenalectomy.Conclusion PPNAD should be bewared in ACTH independent Cushing's syndrome patients without apparent adrenal mass,and CNC should be screened and followed up.

To study the clinical efficacy of Pihui Fanggan Sachet (PHFGS), a sachet of traditional Chinese herbs, in preventing influenza and its immune regulation on mice.