OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the improvement of drug recall system in China.METHODS: The problems existing in the drug recall system in China were analyzed through a comparison of the drug recall system between China and Australia.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: China should draw useful experiences from Australia to improve its drug recall system by perfecting the legal system and tracking measures,determining stratified drugs and the responsibilities of government etc.

In order to solve the difficucties of renaturation and immunogenicity of new bifunctional fusion protein GAD,inclusion bodies of GAD were modified by PEG-maleimide.Conformational changes of the modified GAD were compared by circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy.The biological activity was verified by oral glucose tolerance test and lipid scavenging.The results showed that PEG-maleimide completed the specific-point modification of GAD,and improved its refolding efficiency.The secondary and tertiary structures of mPEGylated GAD were consistent with that of GAD.PEG-GAD has significant hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects (P ＜0.001) with longer half life in vivo and lower immunogenicity (P ＜0.01).This study provides effective strategies for the development of strongly hydrophobic peptide drugs.

A set of teaching methods have been explored and practiced in this paper, which include paying attention to knowledge originating process teaching, enhancing thought training, constructing microbiology knowledge system, concerning reality, following the advanced achievement during the microbiology class teaching process, in order to improve teaching quality overall, cultivate students’ innovative ability.

Four impurities were isolated from raw material of clindamycin phosphate (CP), and their structures have been determined. LC-MS was used to determine the molecular weights of the impurities in the raw material of CP. Reversed-phase preparative HPLC was used to prepare them, and their chemical structures were identified by HR-MS and NMR. The four unknown impurities were determined as clindamycin-B-phosphate (1), clindamycin-2,4-diphosphate (2), 3',6'-dehydro clindamycin phosphate (3), epi-clindamycin phosphate (4). Impurity 1 has been included in BP and EP, while 2, 3 and 4 have not. The impurities 2, 3, 4 are first separated from raw material of CP.

Objective To investigate the effects of pelvic nerve transection on the colonic motility and the expression of transit receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the colon mucosa.Methods Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups based on a random number table:(1) 18 rats in the control group remained untreated and were fed regularly;(2) 39 rats in the sham operation group received laparotomy,and the pelvic nerves were stripped;(3) 39 rats in the operation group received laparotomy with pelvic nerve transection before abdominal closure.Colonic transit was assessed respectively at postoperative day 1,3,and 7 by injecting and calculating the geometric center (GC) of the distribution of 51Cr after 3 hours of propagation.The expression of TRPA1 in the colonic mucosa was determined by Western blot at postoperative day 1,3,7.Data with normal distribution were expressed by (x)± s,and were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA or LSD test.Results The GC values of the distribution of 51Cr in the sham operation group at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 5.8 ± 0.9,7.5 ± 0.5,7.3 ± 0.5,with a significant difference (F =9.508,P ＜ 0.05).The GC values of the distribution of 51Cr in the operation group at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 4.9 ± 0.4,5.6 ± 0.4,6.4 ± 0.8,with a significant difference (F =11.689,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the GC values of the distribution of 51 Cr at postoperative day 1 and 3 between the sham operation group and the operation group (t =2.227,7.144,P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was detected at postoperative day 7 (t =2.162,P ＞ 0.05).The results of Western blot showed that the relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 1.00 ± 0.05,1.00 ± 0.07,1.00 ± 0.06 in the control group,with a significant difference (F =0.055,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 0.78 ± 0.09,0.94 ± 0.08,0.95 ± 0.12 in the sham operation group,with a significant difference (F =5.651,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 0.37 ± 0.12,0.89 ± 0.10,0.92 ± 0.14 in the operation group,with a significant difference (F =41.005,P ＜0.05).There was significant difference in the relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon among the 3 groups at postoperative day 1 (F =73.497,P ＜ 0.05),while significant differences were respectively detected between the control group and the sham operation group and the operation group at postoperative day 1 (t =4.224,11.954,P ＜ 0.05),and significant difference between the operation group and the sham operation group was also observed (t =7.730,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon among the 3 groups between day 3 and day 7 (F =2.087,0.656,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 1.00 ± 0.05,1.00 ± 0.07,1.00 ± 0.06 in the control group,with no significant difference (F =0.055,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7were 0.68 ±0.11,0.98 ±0.12,1.11 ±0.16 in the sham operation group,with a significant difference (F =16.975,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 0.39 ± 0.12,0.78 ± 0.10,1.06 ± 0.13 in the operation group,with a significant difference (F =50.417,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the relative expression of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon among the 3 groups between day 1 and day 3 (F =58.773,8.680,P ＜ 0.05),while significant differences were respectively detected between the control group and the sham operation group and the operation group at postoperative day 1 (t =5.706,10.837,P ＜ 0.05),and significant difference was also detected between the operation group and the sham operation group (t =5.131,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon between the control group and the sham operation group at postoperative day 3 (t =0.166,P ＞ 0.05),while significant differences were respectively detected between the control group and the operation group and between the sham operation group and the operation group at postoperative day 3 (t =3.694,3.528,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of the TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon between the 3 groups at postoperative day 7 (F =1.319,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Injury to pelvic nerves adversely affects colonic transit and expression of TRPA1 in mucosa.With a compensatory mechanism from the intestinal itself,these alterations in intestinal motility function normalize over time suggesting expression of TRPA1 in mucosa plays a crucial role in the recovery of intestinal motility function.

AIM: Research on the change of the saponins constituents of Radix Bupleuri after being processed has been carried out. METHODS: Saikosaponin a、c、d and b2 are used as the marker ingredients; the change of saponins constituents,both after procession and saponated action,have been determined by HPLC. RESULTS: After being processed,the content of saikosaponin b2 has a significant increase,saikosaponin a,saikosaponin c,saikosaponin d and saikosaponin a + c + d all have slight decrease. After the saponated action,the content of saikosaponin a + c + d has a little change,and saikosaponin b2 has increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The change rules of saponin compounds in processed Radix Bupleuri have been revealed.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Toluene ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Workplace

A pot experiment was conducted to study effect of drought stress on leaf physiological characteristics and growth of one year old Stellaria dichotoma seedlings. The result showed that plant height and shoot dry weight significantly decreased with decrease in soil water content; however, root length and root dry weight increased at light drought stress and decreased at severe drought stress. The result also showed that with the decrease of soil water content, proline content in S. dichotoma leaves decreased then increase, while solube protein content decreased. Activities of SOD and POD in S. dichotoma leaves significantly decreased as soil water content decreased, while activity of CAT significantly decreased at severe drought stress. Membrane permeability in S. dichotoma leaves increased, while MDA content decreased then increased as soil water decreased. These results suggest that S. dichotoma had osmotic stress resistance ability and reactive oxygen scavenging capacity at light drought stress, which caused S. dichotoma growth was no inhibited at a certain extent drought stress.
Droughts ; Plant Leaves ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Proline ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Stellaria ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of Helicobacter priori (H.prlori) strains from the patient with gastric cancer on the expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in AGS cells in vitro. Methods AGS cells were co-cultured with ten strains of H.prlori from five patients with gastric cancer and five patients with gastritis respectively.The expressions of DNA MMR genes (hMSH2 and hMLH1) in mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.The enteropathogenic E.coli served as a bacterial control.Results E.coli and H.priori strains from gastritis have no effects on the expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in both protein and mRNA levels on the whole,while all the H.prlori strains from gastric cancer reduced expression levels of hMSH2 and hMLH1.Conclusions There are different effects between H. prlori strains from gastric cancer and those from gastritis on DNA MMR in AGS cell line,indicating that infec- tion of some H.prlori strains might lead to the inhibition of DNA MMR,and that in turns increases the risk of gastric carcinogenesis during chronic H.prlori infection.

Objective To detect the type of gene mutation of thalassemia in Kunming city.Methods Sixty-three cases highly suspec-tive of thalassemia were determined with the methods of ploymerase chain reaction(PCR) and reverse dot blot(RDB) for the type of gene mutation.Results According to gene analysis,35 cases were final diagnosed from 63 cases suspective of thalassemia.Among the total,4 cases were gene deficiency ?-thalassemia,and 30 cases were gene deficiency ?-thalassemia,and there was 1 case both ?-thalassemia and ?-thalassemia.There were 9 types of gene mutation with 15 gene combinations in 35 samples.The main type of ?-thalassemia was--SEA/??,there were 6 types with 11 gene combinations from the types of genes of ?-thalassemia,the highest incidence of gene mutation was 17 site,including 17 site homozygote,heterozygote and double heterozygote.Conclusions The thalassemia invasion of Yunnan has its characters,and it is valuable to launch further research.In the same patient,there are ?-thalassemia and ?-thalassemia,it signifies that those 2 types should be diagnosed in the same time,to prevent missed diagnosis.