Food Sanitation Law which was issued for many years has no longer been congruent with the current development of socio-economy. Under this situation,Food Safety Law came into being. Although the promulgation of the law is important,the task of carrying out the law is more difficult. On the basis of concluding the problems in carrying out the food sanitation law and the analysis of its causes,it is significant to discuss the Food Safety Law from the viewpoint of Food Sanitation Law enforcement.

BACKGROUND: Typically antiepileptic drugs, such as phenobarbital, fenitoina sodica and diazepam, can inhibit amygdala kindling effect in rats. However, whether midazolam has the same effect is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of midazolam on amygdala kindling onset in rats and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) in mice and effeots of antiepileptic drugs.DESIGN: This study was divided into three subexperiments, including the effects of midazolam on amygdala kindling onset, independent activities and incidence convulsion. All the three subexperiments were completely randomized,infra-group control or self-control studies.SETTING: Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Comprehensive Experimental Room, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from August 2004 to March 2005. Nine Wistar rats weighing (250±10) g and 120 Kunming mice weighing (20±5) g and either gender were provided by Animal Center of Qingdao Institute of Drug Control.Midazolam (5 g/L) was provided by Xuzhou Enhua Drugs Co., Ltd. (batch number: 20030706).METHODS: ① Establishment of amygdala kindling models: Nine kindled rats were randomly selected and intraperitoneally injected with 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg midazolam, respectively. Quadri-pathway biological signal processing system (SMUP-PC) was used to measure discharge duration (ADD) and Racine's stage. ② Sixty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including saline group, 40 mg/kg phenobarbital group, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg midazolam groups with 12 mice in each group. And then, numbers of activities in a unit time (times per 5 minutes) were determined by XZC-4A mini-animals independent activity instrument. ③ MES models were established to calculate incidence of convulsion.MATN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of midazolam on ADD, Racine's stage, numbers of independent activities and incidence of convulsion.RESULTS: All the 9 rats and the 120 mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Effect of midazolam on amygdala kindling onset: After intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg midazolam, ADD and Racine's stage were obviously lower than those before administration (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). After intraperitoneal injection of 0.25 mg/kg midazolam, ADD was obviously lower than that before administration (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference in Racine's stage. ②Effect of midazolam on independent activities of mice: Numbers of independent activities were lower in the phenobarbital group and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg midazolam groups than those in the saline group (P ＜ 0.01), while numbers of independent activities were higher in 0.5 mg/kg midazolam group than those in the phenobarbital group (P ＜ 0.05). ③Effect of midazolam on maximal electroshock seizure: Incidence of convulsion was lower in the phenobarbital group and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg midazolam groups than that in the saline group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), while Incidence of convulsion was higher in 0.5 mg/kg midazolam group than that in the phenobarbital group (P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Midazolam can significantly inhibit amygdala kindling onset, reduce numbers of independent activities,and antagonist MES in mice.

Objective To carry out the quality control testing and evaluation for three digital mammography systems.Methods The performance of three digital mammography systems was assessed by applying methods recommended in the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis and Chinese specification for testing of quality control in X-ray mammography.The performance of X-ray generator of three digital mammography systems were tested and evaluated.CDMAM 3.4 phantom with four different thickness(30,40,50,60 mm) were exposured in DR,PCM,and CR system,respectively.The average glandular dose (AGD) value was measured and image quality figure (IQF) analysis was performed in each thickness.Results The X-ray machine performance of DR and CR was in accordance with existing standard,however the standard was inappropriate to evaluate part of X-ray machine performance of PCM system.The AGDs for system DR were 1.20,1.42,1.75 and 2.20 mGy for 30,40,50 and 60 mm PMMA thickness,respectively.The respective AGDs for system PCM and CR were 0.82,1.19,1.33,1.70 mGy and 0.59,0.88,1.47,2.19 mGy.For the same phantom thickness sequence,the IQFs were 21.36,21.57,27.25 and 30.58 for system DR,28.02,29.10,35.90,and 41.24 for system PCM,whereas they were 39.78,39.30,43.85 and 48.08 for system CR.Conclusions The AGDs of all three systems were in accordance with the values recommended in European guideline.The AGD and IQF could provide an effective way for performance assessment and constancy checks for digital mammography systems.

Objective To discuss the characteristics of clinical features,diagnosis and therapy procedure of Anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid B (anti-GABAB)receptor encephalitis.Methods Procedure of clinical diagnosis and treatment in two patients with anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis were retrospected in Neurological Department of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital and the characteristics of anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis were analyzed with literature review.Results In both patients,the clinical manifestations were epileptic seizure,which was a focal seizure at first,seconded by generalized tonic clonic seizure,with frequent attacks or epilepticus state.Significant cognitive and memory impairments and psychological and behavioral abnormalities were observed during the course of the disease.Abnormal MRI signals were found in mesial temporal lobe,with normal electroencephalography.Antibody against anti-GABABreceptor was positive in both cerebrospinal fluid and blood,and immune regulation therapy was effective.Conclusions The patients present with epileptic seizures,seconded by cognitive and memory impairment,often accompanied by MR imagingrevealed mesial temporal lobe lesion.And positive anti-GABAB receptor antibody is major characteristics of anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis.The patients often combine small cell lung cancer,and Immune regulation therapy is effective.

Objective To compare three different internal fixations using dual plates in treatment of type C distal humerus fractures.Methods A total of 59 patients with type C distal humerus fractures fixed with dual plates between January 2004 and December 2008 were enrolled in the study,including 34 patients managed by perpendicular dual plate internal fixation (Group A),14 patients by dorsal dual plate internal fixation (Group B),and 11 patients by parallel dual plate internal fixation (Group C).Functional outcomes of injured elbow joints were assessed using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).Fisher' s exact probability,chi-square test and variance analysis were used to compare the perioperative variables among groups.Results The patients were followed up for average 28 months (range,12-55 months),which showed that all fractures were smoothly healed with satisfactory curative effects in each group.There were no significant differences with respect to functional outcomes among three groups.The patients with surgery difficulty in Group C were more than those in other two groups.Besides,an additional intercondylar screw was always required in Groups A and B,but rarely in Group C.Conclusions All internal fixations with three dual plates are effective in management of type C distal humeral fractures.The location of plates is determined by experiences of orthopedic surgeons and specific fracture type.

[Objective] The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the 2013 edition of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ultrasound lexicon in diagnosing breast categories 3-5 lesions.[Methods] Using our breast ultrasound database from June 2014 to June 2016,we identified 4428 BI-RADS category 3 to 5 lesions with a known pathological diagnosis in 4 428 adult women.The positive predictive value (PPV) of each BI-RADS category was calculated based on the pathological diagnoses and compared with the reference range provided by the American College of Radiology (ACR).[Results] 4 428 lesions from 4428 patients were included in this study.The PPV of each BI-RADS category waswithin the reference range provided by the ACR in 2013.1198 (27.1％) pathological malignant/borderline results were found in the 4 428 lesions,the other 3 230 (72.9％)lesions were diagnosed with benign results.Among the malignant/borderline lesions,the rate of lymph node metastasis gradually increased as the BI-RADS categories were upgraded.Malignant lesions with a diagnosis ofinvasive ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma showed an increasing distribution trend from category 3 to 5.[Conclusion] The 2013 editionof BI-RADS ultrasound lexiconhas good diagnostic accuracy and efficiencyin clinical practice.

Objective_To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the spleen structure and function of aging rats and its relative mechanism.Methods_Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, aging model group (D-galactose 120 mg/kg,qd ×42 d), Rg1 intervention group(D-galactose 120 mg/kg,qd ×42 d and Rg1 20 mg/kg, from day 15th,qd ×28 d) and Rg1 control group.After finishing injections the spleen index was meas-ured, paraffin sections were then made to observe spleen microscopic structure.Senescence-associatedβ-Galactosi-dase( SA-β-Gal) stain was used to detect aging splenocytes.The proliferative capacity of splenocytes stimulated with Concanavalin A (ConA) was measured by CCK-8.The content of IL-2,IL-6 and advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs) was detected by ELISA.The level of ROS was analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM).Malondialde-hyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by enzymatic assay.The expression of senescence-associ-ated protein P53,P21 and RB were detected by Western blot analysis.Results_Comparing the Rg1 intervention group with the aging model group, spleen index, splenic white pulp area proportion, the proliferative capacity of splenocytes were significantly increased (P<0.05);The secretory capability of IL-2 and IL-6, the active content of SOD were obviously increased(P<0.01);The percentage of SA-β-Gal positive splenocytes, the productions of ROS and MDA were significantly decreased (P<0.01);The production of AGEs was decreased (P<0.05);The expressions of P53,P21 and Rb were also significantly down-regulated ( P<0.01) .Conclusions_Ginsenoside Rg1 relieves injure of the spleen in aging rats induced by D-galactose.It is suggested that the mechanism may be Rg1 in-hibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating P53-P21-RB signaling pathway.

Objective To establish a population pharmacokinetics model of azithromycin in Chinese population.Methods Based on the dataset from a bioequivalence study held in the Chinese healthy volunteers,the nonlinear mixed effect model of azithromycin oral formulations was constructed by the NONMEM program.The pharmacokinetic parameters and the relationship between the inter-individual effects and fixed effects were estimated.Resuits A two compartment model with firstorder absorption and elimination was established.The body weight affects the CL_1 and CL_2,and age affects the V1 evidently.Conclusion A nonlinear mixed effect model for oral azithromycin formulations Was developed for the Chinese healthy population.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of uncoupling protein-2 mRNA in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of diet-induced obesity-resistant (DIO-R) rats.

METHODSFifty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group and a high-fat group and fed with basic diet and high-fat diet respectively for 13 weeks. DIO-R and DIO rats were selected according to their body weight. The change of body weight and the intake of total calorie were observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of UCP2 mRNA in rat.

RESULTSBody weight and total calorie intake in DIO-R rats (425.1 +/- 27.1) g, (31,693 +/- 946) kJ were significantly lower than those in DIO rats (489.7 +/- 20.5) g, (34,363 +/- 1465) kJ. The peak area of UCP2 mRNA in white adipose tissue in DIO-R rats was 352 +/- 30 and in DIO rats was 101 +/- 12. The peak areas of UCP2 mRNA in skeletal muscle in DIO-R and DIO rats were 130 +/- 15 and 170 +/- 12, respectively. The peak areas of UCP2 mRNA in brown adipose tissue of DIO and DIO-R rats were 124 +/- 14 and 147 +/- 19, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of UCP2 mRNA in white adipose tissue of DIO-R rats increased significantly. These results suggest that obesity-resistance was associated with a tissue-specific increase in UCP2 expression.

Adipose Tissue ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Ion Channels ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Obesity ; etiology ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uncoupling Protein 2

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL). Methods: A total of 12 specimens were collected, which were surgically resected and verified as MEITL by postoperative pathology, immumohistochemical staining and gene rearrangement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2012 to 2018, and all of these had complete clinical and pathological data. The MEITL cases were reviewed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics, including morphologic and immunophenotypic features and followed up by telephone and clinic visit. Results: All the cases were diagnosed with MEITL. There were 8 males and 4 females. Male to female ratio was 2∶1, at a median age of 54 years. The sites of involvement included jejunum (4 cases), ileum (5 cases), duodenum (1 case), ileocecal junction (1 case) and rectum (1 case). The neoplastic cells were monotonous of small to intermediate cells in size with round to slightly irregular nuclei in 11 cases. The immunophenotyping showed that CD3 (12/12), CD8 (11/12), CD43 (11/12), CD56 (11/12), TIA-1 (12/12) were positive; CD5 (12/12), Gran B (9/12), and perforin (7/12) were negative. Two cases aberrantly expressed the B-cell marker CD20. A high proliferation index was demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostaining. In situ hybridization for EBER was all negative(12/12). The whole exome sequencing(WES) mutational landscape of MEITL was remarkably homogeneous, showing significantly enriched clusters among histone modifier genes, JAK-STAT and MAPK-signal pathways. Histonelysine N-methytransferase SETD2 gene was mutated in 2/4 tumors. All the patients analyzed harbored at least one mutation in the JAK-STAT signal pathway, including STAT5B (2/4), JAK3 (3/4) and STAT5A (2/4). Furthermore, frequent alterations (TP53) were observed in the MAPK pathway in 3/4 of MEITL cases. The CNV analysis derived from WES data identified multiple regions of frequent gains and losses. In particular, gains in 1q, 7q and 9q, and recurrent losses involving 7p and 8p were observed. Conclusions MEITL is a rare and aggressive type of extranodal T-cell lymphoma. The differential diagnosis of MEITL includes EATL, extranodal NT/T-cell lymphoma and other types of PTCL. Diagnosis should be correlated to clinical symptoms while the final diagnosis is mainly based on the pathological features, immunophenotypes and genetic testing.