Objective:To investigate the workplace violence and compassion fatigue of nurses in emergency department and to explore the relationship between the two.Methods:The general information questionnaire, workplace violence scale and professional quality of life scale were used to investigate 957 emergency department nurses of 28 Level II hospitals and above.Results:The scores of each dimension of the professional quality of life scale for nurses in the emergency department were: compassion satisfaction score was 29.91±7.82, the burnout score was 26.63±5.66, and the second trauma score was 23.17±5.94. The total score of compassion fatigue is 49.80±10.42. The incidence of workplace violence was 77.6%. Workplace violence was negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction ( r=-0.250, P<0.01) , and positively correlated with burnout, secondary trauma, and total compassion fatigue ( r=0.349、0.340、0.384, P<0.01) . Whether there is only non-physical violence in the compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary trauma, compassion fatigue total score is not statistically significant. Conclusion:Compassion fatigue is more serious in emergency department nurses, and the incidence of workplace violence is higher. Workplace violence has a positive effect on compassion fatigue. Nursing managers should actively prevent workplace violence and improve the working environment, thus reducing empathy fatigue.

Objective:To investigate the workplace violence and compassion fatigue of nurses in emergency department and to explore the relationship between the two.Methods:The general information questionnaire, workplace violence scale and professional quality of life scale were used to investigate 957 emergency department nurses of 28 Level II hospitals and above.Results:The scores of each dimension of the professional quality of life scale for nurses in the emergency department were: compassion satisfaction score was 29.91±7.82, the burnout score was 26.63±5.66, and the second trauma score was 23.17±5.94. The total score of compassion fatigue is 49.80±10.42. The incidence of workplace violence was 77.6%. Workplace violence was negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction ( r=-0.250, P<0.01) , and positively correlated with burnout, secondary trauma, and total compassion fatigue ( r=0.349、0.340、0.384, P<0.01) . Whether there is only non-physical violence in the compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary trauma, compassion fatigue total score is not statistically significant. Conclusion:Compassion fatigue is more serious in emergency department nurses, and the incidence of workplace violence is higher. Workplace violence has a positive effect on compassion fatigue. Nursing managers should actively prevent workplace violence and improve the working environment, thus reducing empathy fatigue.

Objective To evaluate the use of gated SPECT in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and the effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on myocardial perfusion.Methods 99 Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images were performed in 31 HOCM patients before PFSMA and in 15 patients 3-7 d after PTSMA.The images in different left ventricular segments were analysed by using scores.Results In 99Tcm-MIBI images, uptake decreased at the septal regions in 12 HOCM patients (80.0%, 12/15) after PTSMA, 18F-FDG images also showed decreased uptake at the septal regions in 5 HOCM patients (33.3%, 5/15) after PTSMA.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI images might be an important method to evaluate PTSMA results, and 18 F-FDG images showed important value as reference.

Objective To study the expression patterns of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in childhood acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) and its clinical value.Methods Peripheral blood samples from 30 patients with acute ITP before and after treatment (ITP group) and those from 20 normal healthy subjects (healthy control group) were collected (healthy control group),and reverse transcriptases polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes before and after treatment,which were compared with those of the health controls.Results The positive rate of expression levels of Th1 cytokine genes in samples from ITP patients (3.3％,3.3％) were significantly lower than those from healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05) and increased to normal level after treatment(16.7％,23.3％).In contrast,Th2 cytokine genes (IL-4,IL-6,IL-10)in the samples from the ITP patients(33.3％,43.3％,40.0％) were significantly higher than those from the healthy control group (all P ＜0.05) and decreased after treatment(10.0％,23.3％,20.0％).Conclusions Such data indicate that ITP is a Th2 cell predominant autoimmune disease,and the abnormal immunity due to Th1/Th2 shift is significant in the pathogenesis of ITP.

Objective To explore the application value of Fast Dixon technique in MR hip joint scanning.Methods Fifty young volunteers were recruited to perform axial and coronal MR scans of the hip joint.The scanning sequence was Fast Dixon T2WI sequence and conventional Dixon T2WI sequence.A double-blind five-point scale was used to subjectively evaluate the image quality of the two types sequences.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the axial image were measured at the maximum level of the bladder display.Results In the scores of"good contrast between surrounding tissue and femoral head signal"and"overall image quality",the Fast Dixon T2WI sequence was better than the conventional Dixon T2WI sequence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average scores of"whether bladder artifacts affected the diagnosis"and"whether the fat suppression effect was good"between Fast Dixon T2WI sequence and conventional Dixon T2WI sequence(P>0.05).In the objective image quality evaluation,the SNR and CNR of Fast Dixon T2WI sequence were better than those of conventional Dixon T2WI sequence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The image quality score of the hip joint of young volunteers with Fast Dixon T2WI sequence combined with multiple averaging excitation technique is significantly higher than that of conventional Dixon T2WI sequence.The Fast Dixon T2WI sequence can increase the effect of inhibiting fat and motion artifacts without increasing the scanning time,and the joint face ratio is good.Fast Dixon technique can replace the traditional Dixon technique,thus becoming an optimal choice for hip joint MR scanning.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pantoprazole sodium injection combined with clopidogrel tablets in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods Forty-four patients of acute myocardial infarction with gastrointestinal bleeding were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with twenty-two cases per group.Control group was given clopidogrel 75 mg qd oral + omeprazole 20 mg bid oral.Treatment group was given clopidogrel 75 mg qd oral + pantoprazole sodium 40 mg qd intravenous infusion.Two groups were treated for 7 d.The clinical efficacy,levels of prostaglandin E2,cardiovascular adverse events and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results Mter treatment,the total effective rates in treatment and control groups were 86.36％ (19/22 cases) and 59.90％ (13/22 cases) with significant difference (P ＜0.05).At the time of the 3,5,7 d after treatment,the prostaglandin E2 in treatment group were (81.03 ± 18.48),(116.70 ± 21.93),(149.93 ± 27.52) ng · mL-1,which in control group were (67.09 ± 15.20),(92.56 ± 16.34),(120.08 ± 20.05) ng · mL-1,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ O.001).Follow-up of 3 months,the incidences of cardiovascular adverse events in two groups were 18.18％ without significant difference (P ＞0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were constipation,atopic dermatitis,decreased renal function,which in control group were constipation and atopic dermatitis.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 18.18％ and 13.64％ without significant difference (P.＞0.05).Conclusion Pantoprazole sodium injection combined with clopidogrel tablets has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with gastrointestinal bleeding,which can improve the level of prostaglandin E2,without increasing the incidences of cardiovascular adverse events and adverse drug reactions.

Objective To explore the expressions of fragile histidine triad protein (FHIT) protein and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein,and the clinical relationships between their expression and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinoma Methods A total of 36 cases of gastric cancer tissues,17 cases of adjacent tissues and gastritis tissues were selected.The expressions of FHIT protein and Bcl-2 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method,and the Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by the toluidine blue method and 14C breath test.Results The positive-expression rates of FHIT protein in gastric cancer,adjacent non-cancerous tissues and gastritis tissues were 44.44％,76.47％,70.59％.The positive-expression rates of Bcl-2 protein in gastric cancer,adjacent non-cancerous tissues and gastritis tissues were 63.89％,29.41％,35.29％.There were significant differences between the cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues and gastritis tissues (all P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of FHIT protein and Bcl-2 protein in gastric carcinoma were negatively correlated (P ＜ 0.001).The positive-expression rates of FHIT protein in Helicobacterpylori positive and negative tissues were 57.69％ and 10.00％ respectively,and Bcl-2 protein were 42.31％ and 80.00％ respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Expressions of FHIT protein and Bcl-2 protein are negatively related in gastric carcinoma,and Helicobacter pylori infection may influence the expressions of FHIT protein and Bcl-2 protein in gastric carcinoma,and they play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

AIM:To investigate the effects of losartan on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression,and to determine whether adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is involved in the mechanism.METHODS:Adult male KM mice were divided into control group,LPS model group,losartan treatment group,and losartan and Compound C co-treatment group.To establish a model of central nervous system inflammation,the mice received daily intracerebroventricular injection of LPS (24 μg/d) for 2 d.Daily losartan administration (0.5,1 or 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1,ip) initiated at 14 d prior to LPS injection.Compound C (10 mg/kg,ip),a selective AMPK inhibitor,started to be injected daily at 2 d prior to LPS injection.The hippocampal tissues in each group were isolated at 3 d after the last LPS injection,and then the protein levels of GFAP,AMPK,p-AMPK,mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Twice LPS injections significantly increased the expression of GFAP in the hippocampus (P ＜ 0.01).Losartan inhibited LPS-induced GFAP expression in a concentration-dependent way,and losartan at 5 mg· kg-1 · d-1 significantly inhibited GFAP expression and AMPK activation (P ＜ 0.05),but it had no obvious effect on mTOR activation.Furthermore,Compound C significantly reversed the effect of losartan treatment on LPS-induced GFAP expression and AMPK phosphorylation (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Losartan inhibits LPS-induced GFAP expression in the mouse hippocampus,and AMPK activation but not mTOR,is involved in the mechanism.

OBJECTIVETo search for a simple and non-invasive method to assist the treatment of the complications of breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection.

METHODSHigh-frequency ultrasound was used to examine the breast and observe the distributions of the injected polyacrylamide hydrogel. The operation procedure was predetermined according to the ultrasound information. The ultrasound results were compared with what was seen during the operation.

RESULTS40 patients (80 breasts) were examined. The ultrasound results were coincident with the outcomes of surgery. The results of postoperative follow-up were coincident with the predicted.

CONCLUSIONUltrasound is an accurate method for examining the augmented breast with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. It is helpful in predetermining the operation procedure, predicting postoperative results.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Surgery, Plastic ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Objective To investigate the changes in the threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR),[Ca2+]i and calmodulin(CaM)in cochlear nucleus of the newborn mice infected by murine cytomegalovirus(MCMV)in the brain.Methods Sixty-nine newborn mice were randomized into the model group and the control group.The model group(54 mice)was established by intracranial injection with MCMV viral suspension 20 μl,and the same volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride was injected in the control group(15 mice).After one month,the ABR was tested in a sound-electric screen environment and the threshold was recorded.Then intracellular free calcium [Ca2 +] i and the mRNA level of CaM in the cochlear nucleus were assayed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR.Results Compared to the control group [(64.0 ±1.3)dBSPL],the threshold of ABR in the model group [(84.5 ±2.7)dBSPL] was increased(F =2.789,P =0.000).Moreover,in the model group the intracellular free calcium [Ca2 +] i and the mRNA level of CaM in the cochlear nucleus were increased(F =1.290,P =0.000;F =4.252,P =0.023),the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions The intracranial injection of MCMV can lead to abnormal changes in the threshold of ABR in mice,and the change of [Ca2 +]i/CaM in cochlear nucleus may be the important pathological basis of sensorineural hearing loss induced by MCMV infection.